高速动车组车体与车下设备耦合振动研究
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摘要
车体的轻量化设计使得铝合金型材在高速客车车体设计中被广泛应用,但这种轻量化往往导致车体刚度的不足,从而引起车体振动的恶化。目前,高速客车附属设备大部分采用车下悬挂的设计方式,这种设计方式必然会对车体的垂向弯曲刚度造成影响,从而大大降低车体的垂向弯曲频率。为了削弱车下设备对车体弯曲频率的影响,一种非常有效的方法就是引入车下设备弹性悬挂系统。但是如果设备弹性悬挂参数选择不合理,不但不会降低车下设备对车体振动的影响,还会在一定程度上加剧这种负面效应。因此本文围绕车体与车下设备之间的耦合振动问题,以刚柔耦合动力学理论为基础,采用仿真和试验相结合的方法重点分析了车下设备与车体之间的相互作用关系。具体的研究内容主要包括以下几个方面：
(1)详细的介绍了车体与车下设备耦合系统二维和三维动力学模型的建模的方法。
(2)通过简单的车体与车下设备垂向耦合振动系统模型,考虑了车体的弹性效应,详细分析了垂向耦合系统的自振特性以及随机振动响应。
(3)建立了考虑车体和构架弹性振动的刚柔耦合动力学模型,通过仿真计算并于线路试验、滚动振动试验的结果进行对比,验证结果表明,基于弹性车体和弹性构架的刚柔耦合动力学模型仿真计算得到的车体垂向振动特性均能与线路试验、滚动振动试验的结果取得较好的一致性。
(4)研究多刚体模型与耦合模型在具体计算结果上的差异,并界定这两种模型的使用范围。
(5)从刚柔耦合系统动力学理论出发研究了车下设备对车辆动力学性能的影响问题,对比分析了车下设备刚性悬挂系统与弹性悬挂系统对车辆平稳性及其安全性的差异,验证了车下设备采用弹性悬挂的可行性及必要性。通过分析不同设备布置方案对车辆动力学性能的影响,提出车下设备布置的工程设计原则。同时,根据不同的车下设备研究了其对车体振动的不同影响规律,从而为车下设备悬挂系统设计提供了一定的理论参考。
(6)以牵引变压器悬挂部件为研究目标,详细分析了弹性与刚性两种不同悬挂设计方式对其疲劳性能的影响规律。
Lightweight design of carbody makes aluminum alloy profiled materials widely used in the high-speed carbody, but lightweight design generally decreases the carbody structural stiffness and the carbody will has serious vibration. At present, the equipment mostly is suspended under the carbody. The design approaches will inevitably influence on the vertical bending stiffness of carbody and greatly reduce the vertical bending frequency of carbody. In order to reduce the influence of equipment on carbody bend frequency, a simple way is to introduce elastic suspension. However, if suspension parameters do not match with carbody structure, there are significant vibrations in carbody. This paper focuses on the coupled vibration problem between carbody and equipment, based on rigid-flexible coupling dynamic and studies interaction between carbody and equipment, using the method of combining simulation and experiments.
(1) This paper gives a detailed description on the method, modeling two-dimensional and three-dimensional coupling model of carbody and equipment under car.
(2) This paper has a detailed analysis of carbody oneself vibration characteristics and the random vibration response, using vertical coupling system model of carbody and equipment, including elastic vibration effect of carbody.
(3) The simulation with rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model is compared with rolling rig test and on-line test. The result show that the rigid-flexible coupling model can simulation the vertical vibration characteristics of carbody and has better consistency with rolling rig test and on-line test.
(4) The differences between traditional rigid dynamic model and rigid-flexible coupling model have been studied and defined usable range of them.
(5) The influence of equipment on vehicle dynamic performance is studied based on rigid-flexible coupling dynamic theory. The difference between rigid suspension and flexible suspension on ride quality and safety are analyzed. The feasibility and necessity are validated to apply flexible suspension. By analyzing influence on the dynamic performance of vehicle of different equipment layouts, the engineering design principles are carried out. At the same time, the different influence laws of different equipments on carbody vibration are studied and the results provide a certain theoretical reference for the design of the suspension system of equipment under vehicle.
(6) This paper studies the different influence law on fatigue life of suspension components between rigid suspension design and flexible suspension design.
(1)详细的介绍了车体与车下设备耦合系统二维和三维动力学模型的建模的方法。
(2)通过简单的车体与车下设备垂向耦合振动系统模型,考虑了车体的弹性效应,详细分析了垂向耦合系统的自振特性以及随机振动响应。
(3)建立了考虑车体和构架弹性振动的刚柔耦合动力学模型,通过仿真计算并于线路试验、滚动振动试验的结果进行对比,验证结果表明,基于弹性车体和弹性构架的刚柔耦合动力学模型仿真计算得到的车体垂向振动特性均能与线路试验、滚动振动试验的结果取得较好的一致性。
(4)研究多刚体模型与耦合模型在具体计算结果上的差异,并界定这两种模型的使用范围。
(5)从刚柔耦合系统动力学理论出发研究了车下设备对车辆动力学性能的影响问题,对比分析了车下设备刚性悬挂系统与弹性悬挂系统对车辆平稳性及其安全性的差异,验证了车下设备采用弹性悬挂的可行性及必要性。通过分析不同设备布置方案对车辆动力学性能的影响,提出车下设备布置的工程设计原则。同时,根据不同的车下设备研究了其对车体振动的不同影响规律,从而为车下设备悬挂系统设计提供了一定的理论参考。
(6)以牵引变压器悬挂部件为研究目标,详细分析了弹性与刚性两种不同悬挂设计方式对其疲劳性能的影响规律。
Lightweight design of carbody makes aluminum alloy profiled materials widely used in the high-speed carbody, but lightweight design generally decreases the carbody structural stiffness and the carbody will has serious vibration. At present, the equipment mostly is suspended under the carbody. The design approaches will inevitably influence on the vertical bending stiffness of carbody and greatly reduce the vertical bending frequency of carbody. In order to reduce the influence of equipment on carbody bend frequency, a simple way is to introduce elastic suspension. However, if suspension parameters do not match with carbody structure, there are significant vibrations in carbody. This paper focuses on the coupled vibration problem between carbody and equipment, based on rigid-flexible coupling dynamic and studies interaction between carbody and equipment, using the method of combining simulation and experiments.
(1) This paper gives a detailed description on the method, modeling two-dimensional and three-dimensional coupling model of carbody and equipment under car.
(2) This paper has a detailed analysis of carbody oneself vibration characteristics and the random vibration response, using vertical coupling system model of carbody and equipment, including elastic vibration effect of carbody.
(3) The simulation with rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model is compared with rolling rig test and on-line test. The result show that the rigid-flexible coupling model can simulation the vertical vibration characteristics of carbody and has better consistency with rolling rig test and on-line test.
(4) The differences between traditional rigid dynamic model and rigid-flexible coupling model have been studied and defined usable range of them.
(5) The influence of equipment on vehicle dynamic performance is studied based on rigid-flexible coupling dynamic theory. The difference between rigid suspension and flexible suspension on ride quality and safety are analyzed. The feasibility and necessity are validated to apply flexible suspension. By analyzing influence on the dynamic performance of vehicle of different equipment layouts, the engineering design principles are carried out. At the same time, the different influence laws of different equipments on carbody vibration are studied and the results provide a certain theoretical reference for the design of the suspension system of equipment under vehicle.
(6) This paper studies the different influence law on fatigue life of suspension components between rigid suspension design and flexible suspension design.
引文
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