内容管理在政府门户网站中的应用研究
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摘要
内容管理是当今电子信息时代的热点之一,内容管理是指对组织机构内部多种类型的信息资源的收集、分类、组织、发布等工作过程；而内容管理系统是伴随信息量的爆炸式增长而出现的为用户提供的一种基于内容管理相关理论的应用系统,它实现了对图片、音频、网页等不同类型的信息的访问和管理,突破了传统只对结构化文件和数据的管理。
随着我国电子政务建设方针的不断深化,面向政府门户网站的内容管理系统不再只是一个信息发布系统,它需要具备严格审批机制、接入公共服务、整合优化政务信息资源、快速定位资源等功能。传统的内容管理系统模型由于灵活性低、安全性低、数据的集成性能差、功能不完善、二次开发支持不足等问题,并不适用于拥有多样和海量信息内容的政府部门。如何利用先进的信息技术解决上述难题将成为影响我国电子政务发展的一个瓶颈。
本文首先在内容管理相关理论与技术的指导下,分析了政府门户网站管理的特点、实际业务需求和流程,采用基于构件的思想设计了政府门户网站内容管理系统理论模型,该模型利用内容构件的搭配组合以及构件间的松散耦合,可以完善系统功能、提高系统灵活性和性能,且支持与其它政务系统的信息数据集成,便于维护与二次开发；接着采用Webwork、Spring、Hibernate三种开源框架整合的J2EE架构,对该模型的工作流管理、发布管理、内容搜索三个子系统进行详细实现；最后,针对该模型进行了系统安全设计。
目前,本系统已经投入运行使用并取得良好的实际应用效果,证明了本文中提出的政府门户网站内容管理系统模型的合理性与可行性。
Nowadays, Content management is one of the focuses in electronic information age. It's a process of collection, classification, organization, publication of different types of information resources in organizations. Developing by the explosive growth of information, content management system provides user with a application system based on the content management theories, it implements the access, management, integration of different types of information, such as graphics, audio, web pages, etc. And it is a breakthrough in tradition management of structured documents and data.
With e-government policy continued to deepen, content management system facing to government portal site is no longer just an information release system. It requires functions of strict mechanism to examine and approve, access to public services, integrating and optimizing government information resources and fast ability to locate resources. The traditional model of content management system is not a proper choice for the government departments which possess diverse and massive information. The reason is that the traditional model has characteristics of low flexibility and security, poor performance of data integration, imperfect function and insufficient support of secondary development. How to use advanced information technology to handle these problems will affect the development of electronic government.
Firstly, the thesis analyses the characteristics, business requirements and business procedures of government portal management under the guidance of the content management theories and techniques, and then designs a theory model of content management system of government portal based on components. The model makes use of the assembly of content components and the loose coupling between components, so that it can complete system function, improve system flexibility and performance, support data integration with other government information systems and provide easy maintenance and secondary development. Secondly, the thesis adopts J2EE framework combined with three open-source frameworks which are Webwork. Spring and Hibernate to realize three subsystems of the model in detail. These three subsystems include workflow management system, publish management system and content search system. Finally, the thesis discusses how to ensure system security.
Currently, the system has achieved good practical results, and has proved the rationality and feasibility of content management system model of government portal site which is proposed by this thesis.
随着我国电子政务建设方针的不断深化,面向政府门户网站的内容管理系统不再只是一个信息发布系统,它需要具备严格审批机制、接入公共服务、整合优化政务信息资源、快速定位资源等功能。传统的内容管理系统模型由于灵活性低、安全性低、数据的集成性能差、功能不完善、二次开发支持不足等问题,并不适用于拥有多样和海量信息内容的政府部门。如何利用先进的信息技术解决上述难题将成为影响我国电子政务发展的一个瓶颈。
本文首先在内容管理相关理论与技术的指导下,分析了政府门户网站管理的特点、实际业务需求和流程,采用基于构件的思想设计了政府门户网站内容管理系统理论模型,该模型利用内容构件的搭配组合以及构件间的松散耦合,可以完善系统功能、提高系统灵活性和性能,且支持与其它政务系统的信息数据集成,便于维护与二次开发；接着采用Webwork、Spring、Hibernate三种开源框架整合的J2EE架构,对该模型的工作流管理、发布管理、内容搜索三个子系统进行详细实现；最后,针对该模型进行了系统安全设计。
目前,本系统已经投入运行使用并取得良好的实际应用效果,证明了本文中提出的政府门户网站内容管理系统模型的合理性与可行性。
Nowadays, Content management is one of the focuses in electronic information age. It's a process of collection, classification, organization, publication of different types of information resources in organizations. Developing by the explosive growth of information, content management system provides user with a application system based on the content management theories, it implements the access, management, integration of different types of information, such as graphics, audio, web pages, etc. And it is a breakthrough in tradition management of structured documents and data.
With e-government policy continued to deepen, content management system facing to government portal site is no longer just an information release system. It requires functions of strict mechanism to examine and approve, access to public services, integrating and optimizing government information resources and fast ability to locate resources. The traditional model of content management system is not a proper choice for the government departments which possess diverse and massive information. The reason is that the traditional model has characteristics of low flexibility and security, poor performance of data integration, imperfect function and insufficient support of secondary development. How to use advanced information technology to handle these problems will affect the development of electronic government.
Firstly, the thesis analyses the characteristics, business requirements and business procedures of government portal management under the guidance of the content management theories and techniques, and then designs a theory model of content management system of government portal based on components. The model makes use of the assembly of content components and the loose coupling between components, so that it can complete system function, improve system flexibility and performance, support data integration with other government information systems and provide easy maintenance and secondary development. Secondly, the thesis adopts J2EE framework combined with three open-source frameworks which are Webwork. Spring and Hibernate to realize three subsystems of the model in detail. These three subsystems include workflow management system, publish management system and content search system. Finally, the thesis discusses how to ensure system security.
Currently, the system has achieved good practical results, and has proved the rationality and feasibility of content management system model of government portal site which is proposed by this thesis.
引文
[1]周安娜.建设政府门户网站全面深化电子政务[J].科技广场,2009.
[2]史玉慧,张晓防,麦中凡.从数据管理到内容管理—企业门户核心术研究[J].北京：计算机工程与应用,2001,37(17)：143-146.
[3]陈雅芝.政府信息资源市场化开发利用研究[J].情报资料工作,2009,(3)：56-61.
[4]楚文波.高校内容管理系统的设计与实现[D].吉林大学,2008.
[5]刘劲松.基于门户的内容管理发布平台设计与实现[J].哈尔滨商业大学学报(自然科学版),2009,25(3)：327-329.
[6]曾海莲.基于内容管理的政府信息资源的开发与利用[J].图书馆学研究,2008,(7)：75-77.
[7]方少华.基于Ajax的内容管理系统的设计与实现[D].北京交通大学,2009.
[8]果大军,付晓琳.企业内容管理的研究与应用[J].工业技术经济,2009,28(9)：59-60.
[9]Frank Gilbane. What is ContentManagement[R]. The Gilbane RePort,2000.
[10]韩啸.内容管理与工作流管理系统的集成[Dj.北京理工大学博士论文,2003.
[11]魏建琳.数据库技术的发展及互操作的实现[J].西安文理学院学报(自然科学版),2005,8(3)：80-84.
[12]Vizcaino Aurora,Soto Juan Pablo. A multi-agent model to develop knowledge management systems[C]. Computer Society,2007.
[13]Weber Rosina, Gunawardena Sidath. Designing multifunctional knowledge management systems[C]. Computer Society,2008.
[14]BenMoussa, Chihab. Impediments to knowledge management [C]. IEEE Computer Society. 2009.
[15]Bloodgood J.M., Salisbury W. D. Understanding the influence of orgnizational change strategies on Information technology and knowledge management strategies[J].Decision Support Systems,2001(31):55-69.
[16]郑海龙.WAP业务内容管理系统的研究与实施[D].北京邮电大学,2008.
[17]郭天赐,童晓岚.论电子政务工程中政府门户网站建设与发展的对策[J].黄石高等专科学校学报,2004,20(4)：23-26.
[18]张索智,卢正鼎,李春林.XML数据库及其应用研究[J].计算机工程与应用.2002,(4)：32-36.
[19]Saraee, Mohamad, Aljibouri, Joanna Moaiad. Mining XML Data:A clustering approach[C]. CSREA Press,2005.
[20]Brandt Scott A.,Miller Ethan L., Long Darrell D. E.,Xue Lan. Efficient metadata management in large distributed storage systems[C].Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.,2003.
[21]罗述军.基于XML的元数据相关应用研究[J].电脑知识与技术.2009,5(15)：17-19.
[22]范玉顺.工作流管理技术基础[M].清华大学出版社,2001.
[23]WfMC. Workflow reference model[R]. Technical Report(WFMC-TC00-1003), Workflow Management Coalition, Jan,1995.
[24]WfMC. Workflow Management CoalitionTerminology and Glossary[R],Version2.0. Technical Report(WFMC-TC-1011), Workflow Management Coalition,, June,1996.
[25]WfMC. Workflow Security Considerations-White Paper[R]. Technical Report (WFMC-TC-1019), Workflow Management Coalition, February,1998.
[26]David H L. The workflow reference model WfMC-TC-1003,Issue 1.1[M]. Brus-sels: Workflow Management Coalition,1997.
[27]卢亚辉.工作流系统的访问控制模型及其安全分析的研究[D].清华大学,2008.
[28]傅明,谌海军.基于工作流的公路工程管理系统初探[J].交通与计算机,2004,(4)：34-37.
[29]区燕娟.港口业务的内容管理系统的研究与设计[D].北京邮电大学,2009.
[30]谌海军.基于工作流的公路工程建设管理系统研究与设计[D].长沙理工大学,2005.
[31]夏纯中.基于JCR的Web内容管理系统的设计与实现[D].江苏大学,2007.
[32]李永春,丁华福Lucene的全文检索的研究与应用[J].计算机应用与发展,2010,20(2)18-21.
[33]赵汀,孟祥武.基于LuceneAPI的中文全文数据库设计与实现[J].计算机工程与应用,2003(20)：179-181.
[34]潘亭沥.基于Lucene的面向商业应用的搜索引擎研究与实现[D].电子科技大学,2007.
[35]喻斌.内容管理系统中模板技术的研究与应用[D].南昌大学,2007.
[36]http://blog. csdn. net/logic_202/archive/2006/01/08/573850. aspx
[37]崔俊芝,杜减.软件设计基础[M].高等教育出版社,1995.
[38]Chang, Hung-Fu, Lu Stephen C-Y. Source Decomposition and Traceability in Software
Design[C].2009 33rd Annual IEEE International Computer Software and Applications Conference, COMPSAC 2009,2009.
[39]鞠伟平.面向学习型组织的内容管理系统的研究与实现[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2006.
[40]袁占亭,张秋余,杨洁.基于Web Services的企业应用集成解决方案研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2004,10(4)：35-39.
[41]高明.基于XML实现异构数据源的联合使用[J].计算机科学,2002,29(4)：83-84.
[42]陈文宇.面向对象的关系数据库设计[J].电子科技大学学报,2002,31(1)：56-59.
[43]孙正新,周峰,宾异.白领就业指南：JZEE开发员成长之路[M].电子工业出版社,2006.
[44]Patrick Lightbody, Jason Carreira. Webwork in Action[M]. Manning Publications Co.,2006.
[45]http://www.51cto. com/art/200708/53977. htm
[46]http://www. ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/wa-springl/
[47]Craig Walls, Ryan Breidenbach. Spring in Action[M]. Manning Publications Co.,2006.
[48]舒婷.基于J2EE的内容管理系统的设计与实现[D].南昌大学,2007.
[49]Gary Mak,Srinivas Guruzu. Hibernate Recipes:A Problem-Solution Approach[M]. Apress,2010.
[50]Christian Bauer, Gavin King. Hibernate in Action[M]. Manning Publications Co. August,2004.
[51]孙卫琴.精通Hibernate Java对象持久化技术详解[M].电子工业出版社,2005.
[52]WFMC-TC-1026. Process Definition Interchange Process Model[S]. Workflow Management Coalition 2-3,2002.
[53]徐铁,夏秀燕.轻量级工作流引擎的研究与实现[J].信息技术,2009,(2)：85-88.
[54]谭辉,张焕水.工作流技术在银行系统中的应用[J].计算机与信息技术,2006(1)：106-108.
[55]http://www. hingesoft. com. cn/port/jjfa/webinfo/1187234749156205. htm
[56]周方.基于模板技术的网站内容管理系统的设计与实现[D].北京交通大学,2009.
[57]Gospodnetic O, Hatcher E. Lucene in action[M]. Manning Publications Co,2005.
[58]张晓燕,张素伟.基于RBAC的电子政务权限访问控制模块的设计与实现.计算机工程与设计,2007,28(3)：680-682.
[59]Xu Guoding, Luo Xueping,Zheng Yili.A rank based model of authorization for information systems[J]. Journal of East China Normal University (Natural Science), 2000,12(4):37-43.
[60]许春根.访问控制技术的理论与方法的研究[D].南京理工大学,2003.
[61]曹勇刚,金茂忠,刘超.CMS中RBAC模型的改造和应用[J].北京航空航天大学学报.2005,31(10)：103-108.
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[2]史玉慧,张晓防,麦中凡.从数据管理到内容管理—企业门户核心术研究[J].北京：计算机工程与应用,2001,37(17)：143-146.
[3]陈雅芝.政府信息资源市场化开发利用研究[J].情报资料工作,2009,(3)：56-61.
[4]楚文波.高校内容管理系统的设计与实现[D].吉林大学,2008.
[5]刘劲松.基于门户的内容管理发布平台设计与实现[J].哈尔滨商业大学学报(自然科学版),2009,25(3)：327-329.
[6]曾海莲.基于内容管理的政府信息资源的开发与利用[J].图书馆学研究,2008,(7)：75-77.
[7]方少华.基于Ajax的内容管理系统的设计与实现[D].北京交通大学,2009.
[8]果大军,付晓琳.企业内容管理的研究与应用[J].工业技术经济,2009,28(9)：59-60.
[9]Frank Gilbane. What is ContentManagement[R]. The Gilbane RePort,2000.
[10]韩啸.内容管理与工作流管理系统的集成[Dj.北京理工大学博士论文,2003.
[11]魏建琳.数据库技术的发展及互操作的实现[J].西安文理学院学报(自然科学版),2005,8(3)：80-84.
[12]Vizcaino Aurora,Soto Juan Pablo. A multi-agent model to develop knowledge management systems[C]. Computer Society,2007.
[13]Weber Rosina, Gunawardena Sidath. Designing multifunctional knowledge management systems[C]. Computer Society,2008.
[14]BenMoussa, Chihab. Impediments to knowledge management [C]. IEEE Computer Society. 2009.
[15]Bloodgood J.M., Salisbury W. D. Understanding the influence of orgnizational change strategies on Information technology and knowledge management strategies[J].Decision Support Systems,2001(31):55-69.
[16]郑海龙.WAP业务内容管理系统的研究与实施[D].北京邮电大学,2008.
[17]郭天赐,童晓岚.论电子政务工程中政府门户网站建设与发展的对策[J].黄石高等专科学校学报,2004,20(4)：23-26.
[18]张索智,卢正鼎,李春林.XML数据库及其应用研究[J].计算机工程与应用.2002,(4)：32-36.
[19]Saraee, Mohamad, Aljibouri, Joanna Moaiad. Mining XML Data:A clustering approach[C]. CSREA Press,2005.
[20]Brandt Scott A.,Miller Ethan L., Long Darrell D. E.,Xue Lan. Efficient metadata management in large distributed storage systems[C].Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.,2003.
[21]罗述军.基于XML的元数据相关应用研究[J].电脑知识与技术.2009,5(15)：17-19.
[22]范玉顺.工作流管理技术基础[M].清华大学出版社,2001.
[23]WfMC. Workflow reference model[R]. Technical Report(WFMC-TC00-1003), Workflow Management Coalition, Jan,1995.
[24]WfMC. Workflow Management CoalitionTerminology and Glossary[R],Version2.0. Technical Report(WFMC-TC-1011), Workflow Management Coalition,, June,1996.
[25]WfMC. Workflow Security Considerations-White Paper[R]. Technical Report (WFMC-TC-1019), Workflow Management Coalition, February,1998.
[26]David H L. The workflow reference model WfMC-TC-1003,Issue 1.1[M]. Brus-sels: Workflow Management Coalition,1997.
[27]卢亚辉.工作流系统的访问控制模型及其安全分析的研究[D].清华大学,2008.
[28]傅明,谌海军.基于工作流的公路工程管理系统初探[J].交通与计算机,2004,(4)：34-37.
[29]区燕娟.港口业务的内容管理系统的研究与设计[D].北京邮电大学,2009.
[30]谌海军.基于工作流的公路工程建设管理系统研究与设计[D].长沙理工大学,2005.
[31]夏纯中.基于JCR的Web内容管理系统的设计与实现[D].江苏大学,2007.
[32]李永春,丁华福Lucene的全文检索的研究与应用[J].计算机应用与发展,2010,20(2)18-21.
[33]赵汀,孟祥武.基于LuceneAPI的中文全文数据库设计与实现[J].计算机工程与应用,2003(20)：179-181.
[34]潘亭沥.基于Lucene的面向商业应用的搜索引擎研究与实现[D].电子科技大学,2007.
[35]喻斌.内容管理系统中模板技术的研究与应用[D].南昌大学,2007.
[36]http://blog. csdn. net/logic_202/archive/2006/01/08/573850. aspx
[37]崔俊芝,杜减.软件设计基础[M].高等教育出版社,1995.
[38]Chang, Hung-Fu, Lu Stephen C-Y. Source Decomposition and Traceability in Software
Design[C].2009 33rd Annual IEEE International Computer Software and Applications Conference, COMPSAC 2009,2009.
[39]鞠伟平.面向学习型组织的内容管理系统的研究与实现[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2006.
[40]袁占亭,张秋余,杨洁.基于Web Services的企业应用集成解决方案研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2004,10(4)：35-39.
[41]高明.基于XML实现异构数据源的联合使用[J].计算机科学,2002,29(4)：83-84.
[42]陈文宇.面向对象的关系数据库设计[J].电子科技大学学报,2002,31(1)：56-59.
[43]孙正新,周峰,宾异.白领就业指南：JZEE开发员成长之路[M].电子工业出版社,2006.
[44]Patrick Lightbody, Jason Carreira. Webwork in Action[M]. Manning Publications Co.,2006.
[45]http://www.51cto. com/art/200708/53977. htm
[46]http://www. ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/wa-springl/
[47]Craig Walls, Ryan Breidenbach. Spring in Action[M]. Manning Publications Co.,2006.
[48]舒婷.基于J2EE的内容管理系统的设计与实现[D].南昌大学,2007.
[49]Gary Mak,Srinivas Guruzu. Hibernate Recipes:A Problem-Solution Approach[M]. Apress,2010.
[50]Christian Bauer, Gavin King. Hibernate in Action[M]. Manning Publications Co. August,2004.
[51]孙卫琴.精通Hibernate Java对象持久化技术详解[M].电子工业出版社,2005.
[52]WFMC-TC-1026. Process Definition Interchange Process Model[S]. Workflow Management Coalition 2-3,2002.
[53]徐铁,夏秀燕.轻量级工作流引擎的研究与实现[J].信息技术,2009,(2)：85-88.
[54]谭辉,张焕水.工作流技术在银行系统中的应用[J].计算机与信息技术,2006(1)：106-108.
[55]http://www. hingesoft. com. cn/port/jjfa/webinfo/1187234749156205. htm
[56]周方.基于模板技术的网站内容管理系统的设计与实现[D].北京交通大学,2009.
[57]Gospodnetic O, Hatcher E. Lucene in action[M]. Manning Publications Co,2005.
[58]张晓燕,张素伟.基于RBAC的电子政务权限访问控制模块的设计与实现.计算机工程与设计,2007,28(3)：680-682.
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