Struts框架下Web应用系统的开发与研究
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摘要
近年来,随着Internet技术的迅速发展和Web信息系统的广泛应用,基于B/S结构的多层Web应用开发的体系结构正在不断的发展完善,并逐渐成为企业级Web应用开发的主流。但是,使用传统的开发方法开发出的Web应用仍然普遍存在着可重用性低、可维护性差、可扩展性不强和用户体验不好等不足。随着构建Web应用系统的需求越来越复杂,开发周期越来越紧迫,同时对系统的灵活性、可扩展性、可维护性以及用户体验的要求也越来越高,因此如何对Web应用进行合理的分层,各层的框架如何整合以及如何选择最合适的技术就显得尤为重要。
针对以上问题,论文结合Web应用开发多层次体系结构发展的现状,对AJAX技术、Struts2框架和Ibatis框架进行了深入的学习及研究。通过AJAX引擎,可以实现Web页面局部刷新,用户操作更流畅,提高了用户体验。Struts2框架是一个实现了MVC设计模式的开源的Web层框架,提供了可重用的软件架构,全面减轻了构建多层Web应用的负担。Ibatis框架是一个开源的数据持久层框架,允许程序员使用对象编程思想来操纵数据库并把全部精力集中到对象和类进行编程,较大程度上提高了数据库访问的灵活性。
本文着重阐述的是:利用Struts2和Ibatis作为分层模型的基础,设计了一种高效的开发Web应用的分层模型,并把它们具体应用到系统开发中,使得在Struts2框架下开发出的Web应用系统具有良好的健壮性、可维护性、可扩展性、可重用性以及更好的用户体验。
在上述理论研究的基础上,论文以电能计量装置异常处理分析系统作为理论与实践的结合,详细论述了Web应用分层的实现以及Struts2框架和Ibatis框架在该项目中的应用。在开发过程中,笔者结合实际项目的开发工作,以所设计的分层模型为基础,对系统各层次的设计与实现进行了详细说明。另外为了提高系统的易用性和性能,还对AJAX技术的使用作了研究与探讨。
In recent years, the Internet technology has been developed quickly and the Web information system has been adopted extensively. And the architecture of multi-layer Web application development based on B/S pattern has developed gradually, and become the mainstream of the enterprise Web application development. But, there are still several disadvantages in the Web application developed with the traditional development method like low software reusability, fussy maintenance,weak expansibility and bad user experience etc. Consequently,how to separate a Web application into several layers reasonably,the framework's integration of each sub-tier and selection of appropriate development technology has become more and more important with complexity of requirement analysis of constructing Web application system,constraints of R&D time cycle,and requirements of system flexibility, expansibility,maintainability and user experience.
To solve these questions ,this thesis study and research the AJAX technology,Struts2 framework and Ibatis framework deeply,and combining with investigations of current n-tier architecture of Web application development. Through adopting AJAX engine,the Web pages can refresh partially, user's operation can become smoothly and can improve user's experience greatly. As an open source web framework, Struts2 is a standard implementation of MVC design pattern.It provides a reusable software framework and makes it easy to build n-tier Web application. Ibatis framework is an open source data persistence layer framework, programmers can manipulate database by object programming idea and pay attention to object programming and class programming. It improves database visitation's flexibility greatly.
This thesis's key expatiation is following: A powerful layers model to develop Web application based on Struts2 framework and Ibatis framework is designed, and the Web application system which is built with this layers model based on Struts2 framework has better robustness, maintainability,extensibility , reusability and better user experience.
Based on the research done above, the implementation of Web application layers model and the applicaton of Struts2 framework and Ibatis framework in this project is illustrated in detail according to an example based on Electrical Energy Metering Mechanism Exception Handling Analysis System. In the procedure of development, combining with the author's practical development experiences, the design and implementation of each tiers of the system is illuminated in detail based on the designed layers model. In order to make the system easy to use and improve its efficiency, the thesis also makes a discussion on usage of AJAX technology.
针对以上问题,论文结合Web应用开发多层次体系结构发展的现状,对AJAX技术、Struts2框架和Ibatis框架进行了深入的学习及研究。通过AJAX引擎,可以实现Web页面局部刷新,用户操作更流畅,提高了用户体验。Struts2框架是一个实现了MVC设计模式的开源的Web层框架,提供了可重用的软件架构,全面减轻了构建多层Web应用的负担。Ibatis框架是一个开源的数据持久层框架,允许程序员使用对象编程思想来操纵数据库并把全部精力集中到对象和类进行编程,较大程度上提高了数据库访问的灵活性。
本文着重阐述的是:利用Struts2和Ibatis作为分层模型的基础,设计了一种高效的开发Web应用的分层模型,并把它们具体应用到系统开发中,使得在Struts2框架下开发出的Web应用系统具有良好的健壮性、可维护性、可扩展性、可重用性以及更好的用户体验。
在上述理论研究的基础上,论文以电能计量装置异常处理分析系统作为理论与实践的结合,详细论述了Web应用分层的实现以及Struts2框架和Ibatis框架在该项目中的应用。在开发过程中,笔者结合实际项目的开发工作,以所设计的分层模型为基础,对系统各层次的设计与实现进行了详细说明。另外为了提高系统的易用性和性能,还对AJAX技术的使用作了研究与探讨。
In recent years, the Internet technology has been developed quickly and the Web information system has been adopted extensively. And the architecture of multi-layer Web application development based on B/S pattern has developed gradually, and become the mainstream of the enterprise Web application development. But, there are still several disadvantages in the Web application developed with the traditional development method like low software reusability, fussy maintenance,weak expansibility and bad user experience etc. Consequently,how to separate a Web application into several layers reasonably,the framework's integration of each sub-tier and selection of appropriate development technology has become more and more important with complexity of requirement analysis of constructing Web application system,constraints of R&D time cycle,and requirements of system flexibility, expansibility,maintainability and user experience.
To solve these questions ,this thesis study and research the AJAX technology,Struts2 framework and Ibatis framework deeply,and combining with investigations of current n-tier architecture of Web application development. Through adopting AJAX engine,the Web pages can refresh partially, user's operation can become smoothly and can improve user's experience greatly. As an open source web framework, Struts2 is a standard implementation of MVC design pattern.It provides a reusable software framework and makes it easy to build n-tier Web application. Ibatis framework is an open source data persistence layer framework, programmers can manipulate database by object programming idea and pay attention to object programming and class programming. It improves database visitation's flexibility greatly.
This thesis's key expatiation is following: A powerful layers model to develop Web application based on Struts2 framework and Ibatis framework is designed, and the Web application system which is built with this layers model based on Struts2 framework has better robustness, maintainability,extensibility , reusability and better user experience.
Based on the research done above, the implementation of Web application layers model and the applicaton of Struts2 framework and Ibatis framework in this project is illustrated in detail according to an example based on Electrical Energy Metering Mechanism Exception Handling Analysis System. In the procedure of development, combining with the author's practical development experiences, the design and implementation of each tiers of the system is illuminated in detail based on the designed layers model. In order to make the system easy to use and improve its efficiency, the thesis also makes a discussion on usage of AJAX technology.
引文
[1]董莉敏,侯晓霞,李志兰,J2EE架构下的企业在线购物系统[J],计算机工程与应用,2001,22,163-165
[2]框架不是框框--应用框架的基本思想,软件工程专家网,2003
[3]孙莹,许俊华,MVC编程模型在Web程序中的应用及Java实现[J],计算机工程与应用,2001,6,160-163
[4]TurboChen,创建跨平台的Ajax应用[EB/OL],http://www.javagarden.net:8080/Wiki.jsp?page=Ajax2,2006
[5]Jay,AJAX in Action[EB/OL],http://www.javarss.com/ajax/j2ee-ajax.html,2005
[6](美)Cay S.Horstmann,Gary Comell,王建华,董志敏,杨保明等译,《最新Java 2核心技术》[M],机械工业出版社,2004
[7]蔡剑,景楠,Java网络程序设计:J2EE1.4[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[8](美)Michael Gridley著,邢国庆译,J2EE应用与BEA WebLogic Serve[M],电子工业出版社,2002
[9]Paul Perrone,Venkata S.R.K.R.Chaqanti,《Building Java Enterprise Systems with J2EE》,Sams;Pap/Comedition,2000
[10]Altendorf,Hohman,Zabicki,Using J2EE on a large Web-based project,Software,IEEE Volume 19,Issue2,2002
[11]张宏森,朱征宇,四层B/S结构及解决方案[J],计算机应用研究,2002,9,21-22
[12]宫健,基于信息挖掘技术与J2EE架构的校园智能教务系统的研究与应用[D],硕士论文,西北工业大学,2004
[13]何雄,JSP网络程序设计[M],北京:人民邮电出版社,2001
[14]Bruce Eckel著,候捷译,Thinking in Java(Java编程思想)[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[15]孟斌,吴建波,冷文浩,基于Struts和Hibernate架构的Shids系统设计与实现[J],计算机工程与设计,2006,27(21),4101-4104
[16]孙卫琴,精通Struts:基于MVC的Java Web设计与开发[M],北京:电子工业出 版社,2004
[17]郝彬,陈朔鹰,利用框架技术构建Web应用[J],计算机工程与设计,2007,28(1),8-12
[18]袁梅冷,黄烟波,黄家林等,J2EE应用模型中MVC软件体系结构的研究与应用[J],计算机应用研究,2003,20(3),147-149
[19]刘继华,基于J2EE和MVC模式的Web应用研究,[硕士学位论文],武汉理工大学,2003
[20]高宇靖,基于MVC设计模式的Struts框架的探索,[硕士学位论文],吉林大学,2004
[21]Struts2中文参考手册[EB/OL],http://struts.apache.org/struts2
[22]李刚,Struts2权威指南--基于WebWork核心的MVC开发[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2007
[23]Struts2 Core 2.0.6 API[EB/OL],http://struts.apache.org/2.0.6/struts2-core/apidocs/index.html,2006
[24]李卓,孙建伶,基于Struts框架的Web应用重构[J],计算机工程与设计,2006,27(2),352-355
[25]Apache Struts2 Documentation Tag Reference[EB/OL],http://struts.apache.org/2.0.6/docs/tag-reference.html,2006
[26]夏纯中,基于JCR的Web内容管理系统的设计与实现,[硕士学位论文],江苏大学,2007
[27]张毅,基于Struts框架的J2EE WEB应用研究与实现,[硕士学位论文],西南交通大学,2006
[28]赵永屹,宿红毅,胡韶辉,基于AJAX与J2EE的新型Web应用的设计与实现[J],计算机工程与设计,2007,28(1),189-192
[29]梁民,汪伟,基于AJAX技术开发web应用[J],电脑知识与技术,2005,119-193
[30]吕林涛,万经华,周红芳,基于AJAX的Web无刷新页面快速更新数据方法[J],计算机工程与应用,2005,12(2),199-200
[31]霍志鹏,电能计量装置异常状态检测系统的研究,[硕士学位论文],华北电力大学,2006
[32]吴耘,电能计量装置异常状态检测系统终端技术研究,[硕士学位论文],华北电力大学,2006
[33]刘欢,基于J2EE的MVC设计模式的研究与实现,[硕士学位论文],武汉理工大学,2006
[34]张晓梅,Struts框架在J2EE信息系统开发中的应用研究,[硕士学位论文],西南交通大学,2006
[35]张海蕃,软件工程导论[M],北京:清华大学出版社,1998
[36]李守振,张南平,常国锋,Web应用分层与开发框架设计研究[J],计算机工程,2006,32(22),274-276
[37]李春华,高建华,使用分层模型改进MVC设计架构[J],计算机工程与设计,2007,28(4),766-769
[38]孙申申,基于Struts扩展架构的大型Web应用系统设计与实现,[硕士学位论文],东北大学,2005
[39]Clinton Begin,Ibatis SQL Maps Developer Guide[EB/OL],http://ibatis.apache.org/docs/java/pdf/iBATIS-SqlMaps-2_en.pdf,2004
[40]李守振,结合Struts与Hibernate的Web开发模式之研究与应用,[硕士学位论文],武汉理工大学,2006
[41]Kevin Griffith,Using Web Application Models to Build Struts-based Web Applications from CICS Programs,2003
[42]Hans-wry-February Gellersen,Martin Gaedke,Object-Oriented Web Application Development,1999,60-68
[43]Matsson M,Bosch J.Evolution,Evolution observations of an industrial object framework,International Conference on Software Maintenance(ICSM)'99,Oxford England,1999
[2]框架不是框框--应用框架的基本思想,软件工程专家网,2003
[3]孙莹,许俊华,MVC编程模型在Web程序中的应用及Java实现[J],计算机工程与应用,2001,6,160-163
[4]TurboChen,创建跨平台的Ajax应用[EB/OL],http://www.javagarden.net:8080/Wiki.jsp?page=Ajax2,2006
[5]Jay,AJAX in Action[EB/OL],http://www.javarss.com/ajax/j2ee-ajax.html,2005
[6](美)Cay S.Horstmann,Gary Comell,王建华,董志敏,杨保明等译,《最新Java 2核心技术》[M],机械工业出版社,2004
[7]蔡剑,景楠,Java网络程序设计:J2EE1.4[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[8](美)Michael Gridley著,邢国庆译,J2EE应用与BEA WebLogic Serve[M],电子工业出版社,2002
[9]Paul Perrone,Venkata S.R.K.R.Chaqanti,《Building Java Enterprise Systems with J2EE》,Sams;Pap/Comedition,2000
[10]Altendorf,Hohman,Zabicki,Using J2EE on a large Web-based project,Software,IEEE Volume 19,Issue2,2002
[11]张宏森,朱征宇,四层B/S结构及解决方案[J],计算机应用研究,2002,9,21-22
[12]宫健,基于信息挖掘技术与J2EE架构的校园智能教务系统的研究与应用[D],硕士论文,西北工业大学,2004
[13]何雄,JSP网络程序设计[M],北京:人民邮电出版社,2001
[14]Bruce Eckel著,候捷译,Thinking in Java(Java编程思想)[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[15]孟斌,吴建波,冷文浩,基于Struts和Hibernate架构的Shids系统设计与实现[J],计算机工程与设计,2006,27(21),4101-4104
[16]孙卫琴,精通Struts:基于MVC的Java Web设计与开发[M],北京:电子工业出 版社,2004
[17]郝彬,陈朔鹰,利用框架技术构建Web应用[J],计算机工程与设计,2007,28(1),8-12
[18]袁梅冷,黄烟波,黄家林等,J2EE应用模型中MVC软件体系结构的研究与应用[J],计算机应用研究,2003,20(3),147-149
[19]刘继华,基于J2EE和MVC模式的Web应用研究,[硕士学位论文],武汉理工大学,2003
[20]高宇靖,基于MVC设计模式的Struts框架的探索,[硕士学位论文],吉林大学,2004
[21]Struts2中文参考手册[EB/OL],http://struts.apache.org/struts2
[22]李刚,Struts2权威指南--基于WebWork核心的MVC开发[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2007
[23]Struts2 Core 2.0.6 API[EB/OL],http://struts.apache.org/2.0.6/struts2-core/apidocs/index.html,2006
[24]李卓,孙建伶,基于Struts框架的Web应用重构[J],计算机工程与设计,2006,27(2),352-355
[25]Apache Struts2 Documentation Tag Reference[EB/OL],http://struts.apache.org/2.0.6/docs/tag-reference.html,2006
[26]夏纯中,基于JCR的Web内容管理系统的设计与实现,[硕士学位论文],江苏大学,2007
[27]张毅,基于Struts框架的J2EE WEB应用研究与实现,[硕士学位论文],西南交通大学,2006
[28]赵永屹,宿红毅,胡韶辉,基于AJAX与J2EE的新型Web应用的设计与实现[J],计算机工程与设计,2007,28(1),189-192
[29]梁民,汪伟,基于AJAX技术开发web应用[J],电脑知识与技术,2005,119-193
[30]吕林涛,万经华,周红芳,基于AJAX的Web无刷新页面快速更新数据方法[J],计算机工程与应用,2005,12(2),199-200
[31]霍志鹏,电能计量装置异常状态检测系统的研究,[硕士学位论文],华北电力大学,2006
[32]吴耘,电能计量装置异常状态检测系统终端技术研究,[硕士学位论文],华北电力大学,2006
[33]刘欢,基于J2EE的MVC设计模式的研究与实现,[硕士学位论文],武汉理工大学,2006
[34]张晓梅,Struts框架在J2EE信息系统开发中的应用研究,[硕士学位论文],西南交通大学,2006
[35]张海蕃,软件工程导论[M],北京:清华大学出版社,1998
[36]李守振,张南平,常国锋,Web应用分层与开发框架设计研究[J],计算机工程,2006,32(22),274-276
[37]李春华,高建华,使用分层模型改进MVC设计架构[J],计算机工程与设计,2007,28(4),766-769
[38]孙申申,基于Struts扩展架构的大型Web应用系统设计与实现,[硕士学位论文],东北大学,2005
[39]Clinton Begin,Ibatis SQL Maps Developer Guide[EB/OL],http://ibatis.apache.org/docs/java/pdf/iBATIS-SqlMaps-2_en.pdf,2004
[40]李守振,结合Struts与Hibernate的Web开发模式之研究与应用,[硕士学位论文],武汉理工大学,2006
[41]Kevin Griffith,Using Web Application Models to Build Struts-based Web Applications from CICS Programs,2003
[42]Hans-wry-February Gellersen,Martin Gaedke,Object-Oriented Web Application Development,1999,60-68
[43]Matsson M,Bosch J.Evolution,Evolution observations of an industrial object framework,International Conference on Software Maintenance(ICSM)'99,Oxford England,1999