急倾斜煤层采煤方法分析与矿压控制
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摘要
急倾斜煤层的采煤方法一直是采矿技术中的难题之一。长期以来,国内外专家、学者对此作出了不懈的努力,取得了可喜的进展。然而,由于急倾斜煤层开采条件的特殊性,采煤方法仍然是这类矿井提高机械化水平、改善技术经济指标与安全状况的主要障碍。为了解决这一实际问题,本文通过对我国急倾斜煤层矿区的采煤方法的现场调查、理论分析与研究,对采场矿山压力进行观测与分析,总结与提升国内急倾斜煤层开采技术与矿山压力显现的规律;并针对开采过程中存在的主要技术难题,提出切实可行的方案,指导急倾斜煤层的安全生产实践,提高企业经济效益,促进急倾斜煤层采煤方法的发展。
本文取得了以下主要成果:
1)提出急倾斜煤层采煤方法的分类方法与分类。
2)在开采急倾斜厚及特厚煤层时,应优选巷道放顶采煤法;在开采薄及中厚急倾斜煤层时,应优选伪倾斜柔性掩护支架采煤法;适当加大采区、工作面的走向和倾斜长度等参数。
3)急倾斜煤层采煤工作面上、下平巷相比,其顶底板移近量、顶底板最大移近速度、两帮累计移近量、断面缩小变形率均小于下平巷的相应值,上平巷比下平巷稳定。
4)急倾斜煤层采煤工作面前方10～20m范围内,进行第二次加强支护,以保证巷道的空间与正常使用。
5)沿工作面倾斜方向,工作面中部压力大于上端压力,且上端压力大于下端压力。
6)工作面不同位置周期来压的表现具有比较大的差异。工作面两端的周期来压显现要弱于工作面中部。周期来压时,工作面下端的支架动载系数1.15～1.43,平均为1.28,而中部来压时,支架动载系数为1.3～1.66,平均为1.49。
7)工作面周期来压不明显,工作面周期来压步距介于9～17 m,平均周期来压步距为11.8 m。
Mining method in steep seam has been a difficult issue for mining technology. For a long time, the existing research whith the domestic and foreign experts obtain succesful developments. Whereas the particularity of the condition mining in the steep seam,it,s main obstacle is mining method for the improving of mechanization, economical targets and safety condition and so on.For solve the practical problem, This paper take the field investigation, theory analysis and research and so on. Analysis and observation of face underground pressure, and carry out mining technology and strata pressure behavior in the steep. And carry out realistic and feasible program aim at main problem in the in Mining Process. It provide a guidance about practices on mine safety and production of steep seam, and it will increase enterprise economic benefit, and promote development on mining method in steep seam.
This paper obtains the following importance results and achievements.
1) Classification method on the basis of the proposed on mining method in steep seam, and then is classified.
2) During mining high and extra-high seam,the top coal caving using tunnel is preferred to use. And mining the thin and medium thick seam, the pseudo-sloping flexible shield mining method is first to use.And appropriate parameter in mining area and working face is increased.
3) Compare up tunnel with down tunnel of the working face with in steep seam,the up tunnel's deformation of roof and floor , velocity of convergence between roof and floor, the accumulation of the tunnel's displacement, rate of convergence for the section,all are less than the down tunnel's. The stability of the up tunnel is well than the down tunnels.
4) The second support must be strengthen front of the working face from 10 to 20 meter in steep seam for ensure the roadway can be normal used.
5) Along the incline of working face,the characteristics of rock pressure in the middle of working face is more intense, secondly is in the up end of, lastly is in the down end of the working face.
6) It is more difference for periodic weighting of different location for the working face. Periodic weighting of the two ends in the working face is smaller than in the middle of working face. When the periodic weighting is appear, dynamic load coefficient for support of the down end working face is 1.15～1.43, and in the middle of working is 1.3～1.66, average is 1.49.
(7)When the periodic weighting of the working face isn't obvious, the interval of periodic weighting is 9～17 meter, average is 11.8 meter.
本文取得了以下主要成果:
1)提出急倾斜煤层采煤方法的分类方法与分类。
2)在开采急倾斜厚及特厚煤层时,应优选巷道放顶采煤法;在开采薄及中厚急倾斜煤层时,应优选伪倾斜柔性掩护支架采煤法;适当加大采区、工作面的走向和倾斜长度等参数。
3)急倾斜煤层采煤工作面上、下平巷相比,其顶底板移近量、顶底板最大移近速度、两帮累计移近量、断面缩小变形率均小于下平巷的相应值,上平巷比下平巷稳定。
4)急倾斜煤层采煤工作面前方10～20m范围内,进行第二次加强支护,以保证巷道的空间与正常使用。
5)沿工作面倾斜方向,工作面中部压力大于上端压力,且上端压力大于下端压力。
6)工作面不同位置周期来压的表现具有比较大的差异。工作面两端的周期来压显现要弱于工作面中部。周期来压时,工作面下端的支架动载系数1.15～1.43,平均为1.28,而中部来压时,支架动载系数为1.3～1.66,平均为1.49。
7)工作面周期来压不明显,工作面周期来压步距介于9～17 m,平均周期来压步距为11.8 m。
Mining method in steep seam has been a difficult issue for mining technology. For a long time, the existing research whith the domestic and foreign experts obtain succesful developments. Whereas the particularity of the condition mining in the steep seam,it,s main obstacle is mining method for the improving of mechanization, economical targets and safety condition and so on.For solve the practical problem, This paper take the field investigation, theory analysis and research and so on. Analysis and observation of face underground pressure, and carry out mining technology and strata pressure behavior in the steep. And carry out realistic and feasible program aim at main problem in the in Mining Process. It provide a guidance about practices on mine safety and production of steep seam, and it will increase enterprise economic benefit, and promote development on mining method in steep seam.
This paper obtains the following importance results and achievements.
1) Classification method on the basis of the proposed on mining method in steep seam, and then is classified.
2) During mining high and extra-high seam,the top coal caving using tunnel is preferred to use. And mining the thin and medium thick seam, the pseudo-sloping flexible shield mining method is first to use.And appropriate parameter in mining area and working face is increased.
3) Compare up tunnel with down tunnel of the working face with in steep seam,the up tunnel's deformation of roof and floor , velocity of convergence between roof and floor, the accumulation of the tunnel's displacement, rate of convergence for the section,all are less than the down tunnel's. The stability of the up tunnel is well than the down tunnels.
4) The second support must be strengthen front of the working face from 10 to 20 meter in steep seam for ensure the roadway can be normal used.
5) Along the incline of working face,the characteristics of rock pressure in the middle of working face is more intense, secondly is in the up end of, lastly is in the down end of the working face.
6) It is more difference for periodic weighting of different location for the working face. Periodic weighting of the two ends in the working face is smaller than in the middle of working face. When the periodic weighting is appear, dynamic load coefficient for support of the down end working face is 1.15～1.43, and in the middle of working is 1.3～1.66, average is 1.49.
(7)When the periodic weighting of the working face isn't obvious, the interval of periodic weighting is 9～17 meter, average is 11.8 meter.
引文
[1]谢东海,冯涛,赵伏军.我国急倾斜煤层开采的现状及发展趋势[J].科技信息,2007.14:21-23.
[2]张小兵,王忠强,张伟,张先尘等.急倾斜煤层可采工艺性评价与应用[J].中国矿业大学学报.2007.5(36):51-53.
[3]张先尘,钱鸣高等.中国采煤学[M].煤炭工业出版社.2003.
[4]曹允伟,王春城等.煤矿开采方法[M].煤炭工业出版社.2005.
[5]Minggao Qian,Fulian He;Monitoring Indices for the Support and Surrounding Strata on a longwall Face,11th Inter,Conference on Ground Control in Mining,The University of Wollongong,7-10,July,1992
[6]姬超文.赵各庄矿急倾斜煤层开采方法的实践与探索[J].河北煤炭.2005.4.
[7]闫嘉勃,康东.急倾斜中厚煤层开采方法[J].煤炭技术.2006.3(25):35-38.
[8]许世华.急倾斜煤层的顶板管理[J].矿业安全与环保.2002.8(29):41-46
[9]吴国栋.急倾斜煤层的倾斜条带开采方法[J].山东煤炭科技.2004.6.
[10]Hong Yun he,Roof Behavior Agsessment of Hydro - mechanical coal mining,proceedings of the international symposium on Mining Technology and science,1985.9.
[11]周长慧.急倾斜煤层试行平巷采煤法[J].煤炭技术.2005.9(1):32-35
[12]李东明.急倾斜煤层巷道放顶煤开采放煤巷道的布置[J].煤炭技术.2007.6(26):54-56.
[13]Smart,B.G.D.and Redfem,A,The Evaluation of Powered Support Specifications from Geological and Mining practice Information,Proceedings 27th U.S.Symposium on Rock Mechanics,SME-AIME,1986.
[14]窦庆峰.急倾斜煤层开采过程中的矿压显现监测[J].矿业安全与环保.2007.2(34):17-21.
[15]Ian Farmer,Coal Mine Structures,Published By Chapman and Hall Ltd 1985.
[16]石平五.高召宁.急倾斜煤层开采围岩与覆盖层破坏规律[J].煤炭学报.2003(2):14-17.
[17]Antoni Kidylinski,Podstawy Geotechniki kopalniandj,Wydawnictwo,slask,1982.
[18]员东风.伍永平.大倾角煤层综采工作面调伪仰斜原理与方法[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2001(2):52-54.
[19]Qian Minggao and He Fulian,The Behaviour of the Main Roof in Longwall Mining,Weighting span,Fracture and Disturbance,Jou.Of Mine,Metals & Fuels,June-July,1989.
[20]张宝明,陈炎光,徐永圻.中国煤矿高产高效技术[M].中国矿业大学出版社.2001.
[21]M.G.Qian,F.L.HE,X.X.Miao,the system of strata Control around longwall Face in China,96 Inter,symposium on mining and technology,Published by A.A.Balkenma,1996.
[22]Zhang Xianchen,Zhu jinaming,Evaluation on the geological conditions in gently inclined or inclined coal seams with the view of mining technology,Proceeding of the 2nd international symposium on Mining Technology and science,Oct.1991,Xuzhou China.
[23]李忠华,何孔翔,潘一山.急倾斜煤层底板巷道布置的安全尺寸研究[J].煤炭开采.2003.12(18):18-23.
[25]Wang Yujun,Zhang Xianchen,Han Keqi,Optimum Development Planning for the Pingdingshan Mining District in China,Proceeding of 22th International Symposium APCOM,Belin,FRG,Sep,1990.
[26]寇党军.大倾角综采面开采技术问题的探讨[J].煤矿现代化.2006(1):34-36.
[27]秦忠诚,王同旭等.构造复杂煤层采煤方法[M].中国矿业大学.2003.
[2]张小兵,王忠强,张伟,张先尘等.急倾斜煤层可采工艺性评价与应用[J].中国矿业大学学报.2007.5(36):51-53.
[3]张先尘,钱鸣高等.中国采煤学[M].煤炭工业出版社.2003.
[4]曹允伟,王春城等.煤矿开采方法[M].煤炭工业出版社.2005.
[5]Minggao Qian,Fulian He;Monitoring Indices for the Support and Surrounding Strata on a longwall Face,11th Inter,Conference on Ground Control in Mining,The University of Wollongong,7-10,July,1992
[6]姬超文.赵各庄矿急倾斜煤层开采方法的实践与探索[J].河北煤炭.2005.4.
[7]闫嘉勃,康东.急倾斜中厚煤层开采方法[J].煤炭技术.2006.3(25):35-38.
[8]许世华.急倾斜煤层的顶板管理[J].矿业安全与环保.2002.8(29):41-46
[9]吴国栋.急倾斜煤层的倾斜条带开采方法[J].山东煤炭科技.2004.6.
[10]Hong Yun he,Roof Behavior Agsessment of Hydro - mechanical coal mining,proceedings of the international symposium on Mining Technology and science,1985.9.
[11]周长慧.急倾斜煤层试行平巷采煤法[J].煤炭技术.2005.9(1):32-35
[12]李东明.急倾斜煤层巷道放顶煤开采放煤巷道的布置[J].煤炭技术.2007.6(26):54-56.
[13]Smart,B.G.D.and Redfem,A,The Evaluation of Powered Support Specifications from Geological and Mining practice Information,Proceedings 27th U.S.Symposium on Rock Mechanics,SME-AIME,1986.
[14]窦庆峰.急倾斜煤层开采过程中的矿压显现监测[J].矿业安全与环保.2007.2(34):17-21.
[15]Ian Farmer,Coal Mine Structures,Published By Chapman and Hall Ltd 1985.
[16]石平五.高召宁.急倾斜煤层开采围岩与覆盖层破坏规律[J].煤炭学报.2003(2):14-17.
[17]Antoni Kidylinski,Podstawy Geotechniki kopalniandj,Wydawnictwo,slask,1982.
[18]员东风.伍永平.大倾角煤层综采工作面调伪仰斜原理与方法[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2001(2):52-54.
[19]Qian Minggao and He Fulian,The Behaviour of the Main Roof in Longwall Mining,Weighting span,Fracture and Disturbance,Jou.Of Mine,Metals & Fuels,June-July,1989.
[20]张宝明,陈炎光,徐永圻.中国煤矿高产高效技术[M].中国矿业大学出版社.2001.
[21]M.G.Qian,F.L.HE,X.X.Miao,the system of strata Control around longwall Face in China,96 Inter,symposium on mining and technology,Published by A.A.Balkenma,1996.
[22]Zhang Xianchen,Zhu jinaming,Evaluation on the geological conditions in gently inclined or inclined coal seams with the view of mining technology,Proceeding of the 2nd international symposium on Mining Technology and science,Oct.1991,Xuzhou China.
[23]李忠华,何孔翔,潘一山.急倾斜煤层底板巷道布置的安全尺寸研究[J].煤炭开采.2003.12(18):18-23.
[25]Wang Yujun,Zhang Xianchen,Han Keqi,Optimum Development Planning for the Pingdingshan Mining District in China,Proceeding of 22th International Symposium APCOM,Belin,FRG,Sep,1990.
[26]寇党军.大倾角综采面开采技术问题的探讨[J].煤矿现代化.2006(1):34-36.
[27]秦忠诚,王同旭等.构造复杂煤层采煤方法[M].中国矿业大学.2003.