冀中坳陷饶阳凹陷构造特征及油气聚集
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摘要
论文利用伸展构造研究的理论和方法,以构造几何学、石油地质学、层序地层学、沉积学等理论为指导,结合地层、地震、测井、岩心等多项资料,研究了饶阳凹陷构造-沉积演化特征、构造样式及其成因,探讨了构造对沉积体系以及油气生成、运移、聚集的控制作用。
饶阳凹陷在新生代主要经历了断陷、断坳和坳断三种主要的构造演化阶段,发育了以北东向为主、北西向为辅的两组断裂体系,控制了全区的构造格局。饶阳凹陷构造样式十分丰富,按照成因机制来划分主要构造样式有:基底断凸—潜山构造样式、沉积盖层伸展构造样式、伸展—缩短构造样式、伸展—走滑构造样式等。受构造作用影响,饶阳凹陷沉积体系非常丰富,其中主要沉积体系有六种:近岸水下扇、扇三角洲-浊积扇、辫状河三角洲相、碳酸盐岩(主要是生物灰岩)、河流、沿岸砂坝—湖滩。
饶阳凹陷内部构造分异较大,沉积体系的发育受不同构造演化阶段的控制,在凹陷的不同构造部位,形成了不同的沉积体系,指出了有利储、盖层发育与沉积体系的层位和空间位置有关。研究认为:饶阳凹陷内,调节带对沉积的控制作用主要体现在控制水系进入湖盆的位置,对扇三角洲、三角洲等沉积体系的发育有明显的控制作用。
饶阳凹陷已经发现的油气藏可分为:地貌潜山油气藏、断块-地貌型潜山油气藏、构造油气藏、地层油气藏、岩性油气藏、构造—地层-岩性复合油气藏。在裂谷期前、同裂谷期、裂谷期后三套地层中分别形成了新生古储、自生自储和下生上储的油气藏类型,其油气聚集呈“三层楼”式叠加分布。受区域地质构造和沉积体系控制,饶阳凹陷不同构造带有着不同的油气藏发育分布模式。
Making use of theories and methods about extensional structure, basing on the guide of the theories such as structural geometry, petroleum geology, sequence stratigraphy, sedimentology, etc., combinating of data of stratum, seism, well-logging, core and so on, the paper studies the characteristics of structural-sedimentary evolution in Raoyang depression, structural styles and its forming mechanism. The influence of structure to sedimentary systems as well as the generation, migration and accumulation of petroleum are discussed.
Raoyang depression went through three stages of structural evolution in Cenozoic:fault-down thrown basin, faulted-sag basin and sag-faulted basin. Two sets of fault system were developed. Northern-east is primary orientation, Northern-west is secondary. The structural styles of entire area are controlled by the two sets of fault system in Raoyang depression. There are many types of structural styles in Raoyang depression. According to the forming mechanism, the dominating structural styles can be divided into following types:basement-involved fault uplift-buried hill, extensional structure in sediment cover, extensional-shortening superimposed structure and extensional-strike-slip superimposed structure, etc. On account of structural evolution stage, the sedimentary systems are various in different part of Raoyang depression, such as coastal underwater fan, river facies, braided river delta, fan delta-turbidite fan, coastal sand barrier and shoal of lake and carbonate rock(mainly organic limestones) etc.
There is an obvious difference between the internal structures of Raoyang depression. The development of sedimentary systems are controlled by the stage of structural evolution. Different sedimentary systems are occurred in different position of the depression. The favorable reservoir and cap rocks are related with the stratum and the space position of the sedimentary system. It is recognized that the accommodation zone controls the position in which water system enters into lake basin in Raoyang depression, and along the flow channel, the fan bodies and delta are developed.
The hydrocarbon reservoirs having been discovered in Raoyang were divided into six kinds, including geomorphic buried hill reservoir, fault block-geomorphic buried hill reservoir, structural reservoir, stratigraphic reservoir .lithologic reservoir and structure -stratigraphic-lithologic reservoir combinatim. In three sets of stratum(Pre-rift Period , Rifting Period and Post-rift Poriod), developed different hydrocarbon reservoirs, such as "new-generating and old-accumulating" , " self-generating and self-accumulating " , "dowm-generating and up-accumulating" .The hydrocarbon accumulations are superimposed as though "three-floors building" . Based on the controlling of above mentioned structural and sedimentary factors, different distributing modes of reservoir are occurred in different tectonic zones of Raoyang depression.
饶阳凹陷在新生代主要经历了断陷、断坳和坳断三种主要的构造演化阶段,发育了以北东向为主、北西向为辅的两组断裂体系,控制了全区的构造格局。饶阳凹陷构造样式十分丰富,按照成因机制来划分主要构造样式有:基底断凸—潜山构造样式、沉积盖层伸展构造样式、伸展—缩短构造样式、伸展—走滑构造样式等。受构造作用影响,饶阳凹陷沉积体系非常丰富,其中主要沉积体系有六种:近岸水下扇、扇三角洲-浊积扇、辫状河三角洲相、碳酸盐岩(主要是生物灰岩)、河流、沿岸砂坝—湖滩。
饶阳凹陷内部构造分异较大,沉积体系的发育受不同构造演化阶段的控制,在凹陷的不同构造部位,形成了不同的沉积体系,指出了有利储、盖层发育与沉积体系的层位和空间位置有关。研究认为:饶阳凹陷内,调节带对沉积的控制作用主要体现在控制水系进入湖盆的位置,对扇三角洲、三角洲等沉积体系的发育有明显的控制作用。
饶阳凹陷已经发现的油气藏可分为:地貌潜山油气藏、断块-地貌型潜山油气藏、构造油气藏、地层油气藏、岩性油气藏、构造—地层-岩性复合油气藏。在裂谷期前、同裂谷期、裂谷期后三套地层中分别形成了新生古储、自生自储和下生上储的油气藏类型,其油气聚集呈“三层楼”式叠加分布。受区域地质构造和沉积体系控制,饶阳凹陷不同构造带有着不同的油气藏发育分布模式。
Making use of theories and methods about extensional structure, basing on the guide of the theories such as structural geometry, petroleum geology, sequence stratigraphy, sedimentology, etc., combinating of data of stratum, seism, well-logging, core and so on, the paper studies the characteristics of structural-sedimentary evolution in Raoyang depression, structural styles and its forming mechanism. The influence of structure to sedimentary systems as well as the generation, migration and accumulation of petroleum are discussed.
Raoyang depression went through three stages of structural evolution in Cenozoic:fault-down thrown basin, faulted-sag basin and sag-faulted basin. Two sets of fault system were developed. Northern-east is primary orientation, Northern-west is secondary. The structural styles of entire area are controlled by the two sets of fault system in Raoyang depression. There are many types of structural styles in Raoyang depression. According to the forming mechanism, the dominating structural styles can be divided into following types:basement-involved fault uplift-buried hill, extensional structure in sediment cover, extensional-shortening superimposed structure and extensional-strike-slip superimposed structure, etc. On account of structural evolution stage, the sedimentary systems are various in different part of Raoyang depression, such as coastal underwater fan, river facies, braided river delta, fan delta-turbidite fan, coastal sand barrier and shoal of lake and carbonate rock(mainly organic limestones) etc.
There is an obvious difference between the internal structures of Raoyang depression. The development of sedimentary systems are controlled by the stage of structural evolution. Different sedimentary systems are occurred in different position of the depression. The favorable reservoir and cap rocks are related with the stratum and the space position of the sedimentary system. It is recognized that the accommodation zone controls the position in which water system enters into lake basin in Raoyang depression, and along the flow channel, the fan bodies and delta are developed.
The hydrocarbon reservoirs having been discovered in Raoyang were divided into six kinds, including geomorphic buried hill reservoir, fault block-geomorphic buried hill reservoir, structural reservoir, stratigraphic reservoir .lithologic reservoir and structure -stratigraphic-lithologic reservoir combinatim. In three sets of stratum(Pre-rift Period , Rifting Period and Post-rift Poriod), developed different hydrocarbon reservoirs, such as "new-generating and old-accumulating" , " self-generating and self-accumulating " , "dowm-generating and up-accumulating" .The hydrocarbon accumulations are superimposed as though "three-floors building" . Based on the controlling of above mentioned structural and sedimentary factors, different distributing modes of reservoir are occurred in different tectonic zones of Raoyang depression.
引文
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