木塑复合强化木地板基材及其复合机理研究
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摘要
利用木纤维增强聚丙烯(包括回收聚丙烯)制成木塑复合强化木地板基
材,无甲醛释放,是解决目前强化木地板基材甲醛释放对环境和人体造成伤
害的一条新途径,并能减轻废弃塑料对环境造成的污染,保护生态环境,具
有重要经济效益和生态效益。
本论文对木塑复合材料的原料聚丙烯、复合工艺和性能、木塑复合机理
及木塑复合强化木地板基材等四方面内容进行了研究。
采用红外光谱分析和热分析对木塑复合原料标准聚丙烯及回收聚丙烯
进行研究,研究结果表明回收后的聚丙烯主要成分与标准聚丙烯大致相同,
只是在热学性能上不如标准聚丙烯稳定,因此有可能代替标准聚丙烯作为基
体与木纤维复合。
对注塑成型的木塑复合材料的力学性能、热学性能和加工性能进行研
究。研究结果表明木纤维用量是影响木塑复合材料性能的主要因素,在合适
范围内,木纤维含量增加,复合材料的主要力学性能增强,耐热性提高,但
熔体的流动速率下降,加工性能降低,当木纤维含量为25%左右时能获得
较好性能的木塑复合材料。适量的相容剂可明显改善木纤维与聚丙烯基体之
间的界面相容性,获得较好的复合效果,提高复合材料的性能,但添加量不
能过高,适宜的含量为6%～8%。
采用扫描电子显微技术和热分析对木塑复合机理进行研究。对有无添加
相容剂的木塑复合材料的拉伸断裂断面进行扫描电镜观察,确定添加相容剂
后的复合材料,其木纤维与塑料基体界面模糊,形成一定厚度的界面层,两
相相容较好。采用热分析法可以得到相容剂处理的木纤维比未处理木纤维热
稳定性提高,且木纤维的添加会提高基体的热稳定性。
对分别以标准聚丙烯与回收聚丙烯为基体的复合材料进行表面润湿性
研究,结果表明复合材料的表面均可进行进一步的加工,且标准聚丙烯复合
材料的表面加工性能稍高于回收聚丙烯复合材料。对不同热塑性塑料为基体
的木塑复合材料的力学性能及加工性能进行研究,结果表明在添加相容剂的
条件下,木纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料具有较好的性能,可以满足强化木地板
基材优等品的质量要求。
It is a new approach to solve the problem of formaldehyde from the motherboard of intenive wood floor by using the motherboard wood plastic composite intensive wood floor, which is executed by wood reinforced polypropylene (include recovered polypropylene) without formaldehyde, it also can reduce the pollution caused by abused plastic, so it has important economic and ecology meaning.The study include the raw material polypropylene of wood plastic composite > composite technics and performance 、 wood plastic composite mechanism as well as the backing material of wood plastic composite intensive wood floor four content.By used infrared spectrum analysis and thermal analysis to analyse the raw material of wood plastic standard polypropylene and recovered polypropylene, the results show the basis component of the recovered polypropylene is approximately same to the standara polypropylene, but the thermal property of the recovered polypropylene is less stabilization than the standara polypropylene, therefore the recovered polypropylene maybe able replace the standara polypropylene as parent material to composite with wood fibre.The mechanical property、 thermal property and processability of wood plastic composite by injection mold are studied. The result indicates wood fibre content is influencing primary factor to wood plastic composite, changed in appropriate range and increased the wood fibre can inprove the primary mechanical property and the heat resistance, but melt flow rate and processability are decreased, when wood fibre content is 25%, the well performance wood plastic composite can be obtained. The right dosage of compatilizer contributes compatibility of wood fibre and plastic, it can make compound better, increase performance, but compatilizer can not be too much, suitable content is 6%~8%.By using scan electron microtechnique and thermal analysis, wood plastic composite mechanism is studied. The extension part break surface of the wood plastic composite appendding compatilizer or not are observed by SEM. the
result shows the interface blur of the wood fibre and plastic in have been appended compatilizer composite, and have been formed some thickness interface, compatable well. The curve from termal analysis shows the thermal stability of the disposaled wood fibre is better than the undisposaled, and the wood fibre will improve the thermal stability of parent material.The surface of water affinity of the standara polypropylene wood plastic composite and the recovered polypropylene wood plastic composite are studied, the result indicates the surface of composite can be processed, and the surface processability of the standara polypropylene wood plastic composite is better than the recovered polypropylene wood plastic composite. The mechanical property and processability about different thermoplastic plastics parent material is studied in this paper, and the result indicates when appended compatilizer are added, the wood fibre reinforced polypropylene composite can enjoy well performance, the material can reach the demand of high quality of the motherboard of intensive wood floor.
材,无甲醛释放,是解决目前强化木地板基材甲醛释放对环境和人体造成伤
害的一条新途径,并能减轻废弃塑料对环境造成的污染,保护生态环境,具
有重要经济效益和生态效益。
本论文对木塑复合材料的原料聚丙烯、复合工艺和性能、木塑复合机理
及木塑复合强化木地板基材等四方面内容进行了研究。
采用红外光谱分析和热分析对木塑复合原料标准聚丙烯及回收聚丙烯
进行研究,研究结果表明回收后的聚丙烯主要成分与标准聚丙烯大致相同,
只是在热学性能上不如标准聚丙烯稳定,因此有可能代替标准聚丙烯作为基
体与木纤维复合。
对注塑成型的木塑复合材料的力学性能、热学性能和加工性能进行研
究。研究结果表明木纤维用量是影响木塑复合材料性能的主要因素,在合适
范围内,木纤维含量增加,复合材料的主要力学性能增强,耐热性提高,但
熔体的流动速率下降,加工性能降低,当木纤维含量为25%左右时能获得
较好性能的木塑复合材料。适量的相容剂可明显改善木纤维与聚丙烯基体之
间的界面相容性,获得较好的复合效果,提高复合材料的性能,但添加量不
能过高,适宜的含量为6%～8%。
采用扫描电子显微技术和热分析对木塑复合机理进行研究。对有无添加
相容剂的木塑复合材料的拉伸断裂断面进行扫描电镜观察,确定添加相容剂
后的复合材料,其木纤维与塑料基体界面模糊,形成一定厚度的界面层,两
相相容较好。采用热分析法可以得到相容剂处理的木纤维比未处理木纤维热
稳定性提高,且木纤维的添加会提高基体的热稳定性。
对分别以标准聚丙烯与回收聚丙烯为基体的复合材料进行表面润湿性
研究,结果表明复合材料的表面均可进行进一步的加工,且标准聚丙烯复合
材料的表面加工性能稍高于回收聚丙烯复合材料。对不同热塑性塑料为基体
的木塑复合材料的力学性能及加工性能进行研究,结果表明在添加相容剂的
条件下,木纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料具有较好的性能,可以满足强化木地板
基材优等品的质量要求。
It is a new approach to solve the problem of formaldehyde from the motherboard of intenive wood floor by using the motherboard wood plastic composite intensive wood floor, which is executed by wood reinforced polypropylene (include recovered polypropylene) without formaldehyde, it also can reduce the pollution caused by abused plastic, so it has important economic and ecology meaning.The study include the raw material polypropylene of wood plastic composite > composite technics and performance 、 wood plastic composite mechanism as well as the backing material of wood plastic composite intensive wood floor four content.By used infrared spectrum analysis and thermal analysis to analyse the raw material of wood plastic standard polypropylene and recovered polypropylene, the results show the basis component of the recovered polypropylene is approximately same to the standara polypropylene, but the thermal property of the recovered polypropylene is less stabilization than the standara polypropylene, therefore the recovered polypropylene maybe able replace the standara polypropylene as parent material to composite with wood fibre.The mechanical property、 thermal property and processability of wood plastic composite by injection mold are studied. The result indicates wood fibre content is influencing primary factor to wood plastic composite, changed in appropriate range and increased the wood fibre can inprove the primary mechanical property and the heat resistance, but melt flow rate and processability are decreased, when wood fibre content is 25%, the well performance wood plastic composite can be obtained. The right dosage of compatilizer contributes compatibility of wood fibre and plastic, it can make compound better, increase performance, but compatilizer can not be too much, suitable content is 6%~8%.By using scan electron microtechnique and thermal analysis, wood plastic composite mechanism is studied. The extension part break surface of the wood plastic composite appendding compatilizer or not are observed by SEM. the
result shows the interface blur of the wood fibre and plastic in have been appended compatilizer composite, and have been formed some thickness interface, compatable well. The curve from termal analysis shows the thermal stability of the disposaled wood fibre is better than the undisposaled, and the wood fibre will improve the thermal stability of parent material.The surface of water affinity of the standara polypropylene wood plastic composite and the recovered polypropylene wood plastic composite are studied, the result indicates the surface of composite can be processed, and the surface processability of the standara polypropylene wood plastic composite is better than the recovered polypropylene wood plastic composite. The mechanical property and processability about different thermoplastic plastics parent material is studied in this paper, and the result indicates when appended compatilizer are added, the wood fibre reinforced polypropylene composite can enjoy well performance, the material can reach the demand of high quality of the motherboard of intensive wood floor.
引文
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[2]舒文博,刘晓燕,张亚池等.关于我国木质复合地板发展现状与趋势刍议[J].木材机械,2003,2
[3]白水.木地板的种类、选择、铺装、养护[J].中国木材.2002,2:31-34
[4]张文玲.我国木地板行业前景看好[J].广东建设信息:建材专刊.2004.000(007):21-22
[5]朱文剑.如何选择合适的木地板[J].广东建材.2004.000(007):71-73
[6]吴萍、李金杰.浅谈浸渍纸层压木质地板生产对基材板及其饰面板质量的要求[J].林业机械与木工设备,2002,30(6):25-26
[7]洪龙海,韩丹红.影响强化地板质量的几种因素及控制措施[J].林业机械与木工设备,2004,32(4):38-39
[8]张勤丽.浸渍纸层压木质地板的质量状况及基材质量控制[J].木材工业,2003,17(4):21-24
[9]张立芳著.合成树脂饰面人造板[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004
[10]田雁新.对木地板几个常见质量问题的探讨[J].湖南城建高等专科学校学报,2003,12(2):13-15
[11]花京玲.残次伪劣扰乱复合地板市场[J].建材工业信息.2003.000(007):32-33
[12]陈玉放,揣成智,谢来苏.植物纤维热塑性复合材料的开发及有关问题[J].现代塑料加工应用,1998,10(2):50-53
[13]BLEDZKI A K,GASSAN J.Composites reintorced with cellulose based fibres[J].Prog Polm Sci,1999,24(2):221-274
[14]ICHAZO M N,ALBANO C,GONZALEA J,RPERERA,CANDAL M V.Polyproplene/wood flour composites:treatments and properties[J].Composites Struvtures,2001,54(2-3):207-214
[15]揣成智,李树,蔺艳琴.聚丙烯/接枝木纤维复合材料相容性及性能的研究[J].中国塑料,2000,14(5):23-28
[16][美]H.S.卡茨,J.V.米路西凯著,李佐邦,张留城等译.塑料用填料及增强手册[M],化学工业出版社,1985.
[17]秦特夫.改善木塑复合材料界面相容性的途径[J],世界林业研究,1998,3:46-51.
[18]肖泽芳,赵林波,谢延军,等.木材-热塑性塑料复合材料的进展[J],东北林业大学学报,2003,31(1):39-41.
[19]王恺.木粉-塑料复合模压用材:木屑高效利用的新途径[J].林产工业,1993,20(6):40-42
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