涟钢电网安全稳定性研究
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摘要
为了节约资源、提高效益,目前各大中型钢铁企业都在充分利用高炉煤气、焦炉煤气及生产过程中产生的余热蒸汽进行发电。企业自备发电机组点多面广,分布在厂区各个角落。由于受到企业原有电网及经济效益的局限性,几乎所有的企业自备发电机组都选择在企业内部电网的中压侧(10KV或35KV)并网。大量小机组的并网使企业电网的规模越来越大,网络结构日趋复杂。
本文介绍了涟钢电网主接线方式,利用PSASP仿真软件验证了自备发电机组的并网带来短路容量增大的事实,并提出在相关回路中应用带快速开关的故障限流电抗器,一方面降低了回路短路电流,另一方面解决了加装电抗器后所带来的电能损耗增大的问题。
分析了自备发电机组并网后对原有电网继电保护的影响,在此基础上提出修改保护定值和优化电网结构的思想,详细讨论了电网结构改变后,系统进线电源发生故障情况下自动重合闸和备自投的动作情况。
建立了涟钢电网各元件的数学模型,应用BPA仿真软件对大量自备发电机组因故障带来的孤网运行情况下的机电暂态稳定性进行了研究,研究结果为电网运行方式的制定给出了理论依据,为涟钢电网的稳定运行提供了参考方案,可为钢铁、水泥等行业有新建小型自备发电机组电网的稳定运行提供参考。
本文的创新之处在于将大区电网的励磁系统建模方法应用于企业电网的自备发电机组中,得到了励磁系统数学模型的准确参数,保证了仿真结果的有效性。
At present,many of the lardge or medium iron and steel enterprises put up a lot of generators by use of blast frunace gas,coke oven gas and redunt steam for saving resource and gaining more benefits.The generators distribute everywhere in factory.Restricted by former distributed network and economic profits,almost every generator synchronizes at the medium voltage level(10KV or 35KV).It enlarges the scale of distribution network and complicates the electric power network composition when building so many generator sets.
This paper introduces the power system drawing of Lianyuan Iron and Steel group company,validates the enlargement of the short circuit current capabilit after distributed generators synchronizing by use of Power System Analysis Synthetical Programe.It suggests adding reactor accompanied with quick switch.In the one hand,the reactor reduces the short circuit current,on the other hand,it does not increase energy loss on the reactor.
It analyzes the influence of distribution network protection system by distributed generation.In this foundation,this paper points out that it must modify the definite value of relay protection and optimize distribution network.Meanwhile it discusses detailedly the operation of ZCH and BZT when new grid facing system failure.
This paper erects the mathematical model of Lianyuan Iron and Steel group company power grid,studies the transient stability when enterprise power grid isolated the main power grid by using BPA.The work of studying provides theory foundation for power grid safety and stability operation and put forward reference for other homologous enterprise.
The creativity in this thesis lies in applying excitation system modeling method used in area grid into enterprise grid's generators,obtaining precise parameters of excitation system,assuring correctness of the simulation.
本文介绍了涟钢电网主接线方式,利用PSASP仿真软件验证了自备发电机组的并网带来短路容量增大的事实,并提出在相关回路中应用带快速开关的故障限流电抗器,一方面降低了回路短路电流,另一方面解决了加装电抗器后所带来的电能损耗增大的问题。
分析了自备发电机组并网后对原有电网继电保护的影响,在此基础上提出修改保护定值和优化电网结构的思想,详细讨论了电网结构改变后,系统进线电源发生故障情况下自动重合闸和备自投的动作情况。
建立了涟钢电网各元件的数学模型,应用BPA仿真软件对大量自备发电机组因故障带来的孤网运行情况下的机电暂态稳定性进行了研究,研究结果为电网运行方式的制定给出了理论依据,为涟钢电网的稳定运行提供了参考方案,可为钢铁、水泥等行业有新建小型自备发电机组电网的稳定运行提供参考。
本文的创新之处在于将大区电网的励磁系统建模方法应用于企业电网的自备发电机组中,得到了励磁系统数学模型的准确参数,保证了仿真结果的有效性。
At present,many of the lardge or medium iron and steel enterprises put up a lot of generators by use of blast frunace gas,coke oven gas and redunt steam for saving resource and gaining more benefits.The generators distribute everywhere in factory.Restricted by former distributed network and economic profits,almost every generator synchronizes at the medium voltage level(10KV or 35KV).It enlarges the scale of distribution network and complicates the electric power network composition when building so many generator sets.
This paper introduces the power system drawing of Lianyuan Iron and Steel group company,validates the enlargement of the short circuit current capabilit after distributed generators synchronizing by use of Power System Analysis Synthetical Programe.It suggests adding reactor accompanied with quick switch.In the one hand,the reactor reduces the short circuit current,on the other hand,it does not increase energy loss on the reactor.
It analyzes the influence of distribution network protection system by distributed generation.In this foundation,this paper points out that it must modify the definite value of relay protection and optimize distribution network.Meanwhile it discusses detailedly the operation of ZCH and BZT when new grid facing system failure.
This paper erects the mathematical model of Lianyuan Iron and Steel group company power grid,studies the transient stability when enterprise power grid isolated the main power grid by using BPA.The work of studying provides theory foundation for power grid safety and stability operation and put forward reference for other homologous enterprise.
The creativity in this thesis lies in applying excitation system modeling method used in area grid into enterprise grid's generators,obtaining precise parameters of excitation system,assuring correctness of the simulation.
引文
[1]徐政.交直流电力系统动态行为分析.北京:机械工业出版社,2004.30-35
[2]PSASP6.2版使用手册
[3]张旭昶.同步发电机励磁装置及其在PSASP中模型的研究:[硕士学位论文].浙江:浙江大学,2006
[4]方军.PSS/E的发电机组励磁系统建模和电力系统分析:[硕士学位论文].福州:福州大学,2004
[5]张旭昶.电力系统仿真软件PSASP的励磁系统自定义建模.电气应用,2006,5(11):9-12
[6]IEEE recommended practice for excitation system models for power system studies,1992.44-46
[7]IEEE Committee Report.Computer Representation of excitation systems.IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.,1968.1460-1464
[8]李广凯,李庚银.电力系统仿真软件综述.电气电子教学学报,2005,7(3):44-47
[9]BPA3.07版本使用手册
[10]P.P.Barker and R.W.Mello.Determining the impact of distributed generation on power systems:Part 1-Radial distribution systems[J].IEEE 2000 Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting,2000.3:1645-1656
[11]J.C.Gomez,M.M.Morcos.Coordination overcurrent protection and voltage sag in distributed generation systems[J].IEEE Power Engineering Review,2002.22(2):16-19
[12]阮前途,陶玉华.大电网中小系统的安全运行.华东电力,1997,11(6):5-8
[13]万千云.电力系统运行实用技术问答(第二版).北京:中国电力出版社,2005.256-271
[14]R.C.Dugan,T.E.McDermott.Distributed generation[J].IEEE Industry Applications Magazine,2002.8(2):19-25
[15]J.Jager,T.Keil,L.Shang,R.Krebs.New protection coordination methods in the presence of distributed generation.The Eighth IEEE International Conference on Developments in Power System Protection,2004.1:319-322
[16]姚成,朱金大,徐石明.小电源在110KV变电站上网的一种实用保护解决 方案.继电器,2005,33(8):71-75
[17]王希舟.分布式发电与配电网保护协调性研究:[硕士学位论文].浙江:浙江大学,2006
[18]胡成志.分布式电源接入系统的研究:[硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆大学,2005
[19]国家电力调度通信中心编.电力系统继电保护实用技术问答(第二版).北京:中国电力出版社,1999.306-321
[20]许正亚.变压器及中低压网络数字式保护.北京:中国电力出版社,2005.79-96
[21]伍叶凯等.微机短线路光纤纵差保护装置的研究.继电器,1996,24(2):9-16
[22]李艳丽.基于DSP的低压短线路保护的研究:[硕士学位论文].山东:山东大学,2002
[23]赵志武.自备电网继电保护的现状于存在问题的探讨.山西煤炭,2004,9(12):42-44
[24]李清波,刘沛.光纤纵差保护的应用及灵敏度的提高.电力自动化设备,2002,22(4):21-24
[25]崔家佩等.电力系统继电保护与安全自动装置整定计算.北京:中国电力出版社,1993.395-416
[26]Taylor C W.电力系统电压稳定.王伟胜,译.北京:中国电力出版社,2002.92-108
[27]袁季修.电力系统安全稳定控制.北京:中国电力出版社,1996.103-158
[28]倪以信.动态电力系统的理论和分析.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.98-125
[29]于浩等.发电机实用模型的选取对稳定计算的影响.中国电力,1998,45(10):10-13
[30]Kosterev D N,Taylor C W,Mittelstadt W A.Model Validation for the August 10,1996 WSCC System Outage.IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1999.14(3):21-24
[31]吴红斌等.发电机和负荷模型对暂态稳定性影响的概率分析.电网技术,2004,18(1):19-21
[32]Kilani KB,Schlueter RA.Trends in model development for stability studies in power system.Electric Power Systems Research,vol.53,no.3,1 March 2000.16-19
[33]Tamura T,Nakazawa C,Chihara I.A consideration on the accuracy of various synchronous machine models for power system transient stability analysis.Transactions of the institute of electric engineers of Japan,Part B,vol.121-B,no.3,March 2001.26-30
[34]杨冠城.电力系统自动装置原理(第三版).北京:中国电力出版社,2002.56-84
[35]Q/GDW 142—2006,同步发电机励磁系统建模导则.北京:国家电网公司,2006
[36]锁军,史可琴.渭河3号机组励磁系统参数测试与仿真.电网技术,2007,31(5):72-74
[37]刘永奇,苏为民.华北电网大容量发电机励磁系统建模与参数辨识测试.电网技术,2007,31(5):64-71
[38]李基成.现代同步发电机励磁系统设计及应用.北京:中国电力出版社,2002.207-285
[39]赵红光,刘增煌等.华中—川渝联网稳定计算用发电机励磁和调速系统的数.电网技术,2007,31(5):50-63
[40]Kalyan K.Sen,Member,IEEE,SSSC-Static Synchronous Series Compensator:Theory,Modeling,and Applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,Vol.13,No.1,January 1998.18-21
[41]王景钢.实测负荷模型参数及其对动态仿真影响的研究:[硕士学位论文].北京:华北电力大学,2005
[42]Prabha Kunder.Power System and Control[M].Mcgraw-Hill,Inc,New York,1994.24-27
[43]Brian K.Perkins M.R.Iiravani,Dynamic Modeling of a TCSC with Application to SSR Analysis[J]IEEE Transactions on Power systems,Vol.12,No.4,November 1997.17-21
[44]T.Naksta,N.Takahal.Finite Element Analysis of Flux and Current Distributions under Specified Conditions.IEEE Trans.Magan.Vol.MAG-18,No.2,1982.12-15
[45]M.S.Ghazizadeh,E.M.Hughest.a Generator Transfer Function Regulator for Improved Excitation Systems.Power System,1968.6-8
[46]Goodwin G C,Evans R.J.Design of Nonlinear PID Conference of the International Federation of Automatic Control.Triennial(uk),1994.21-22
[47]A Krivda.Automatic Recognition of Partial Discharges[J].IEEE Trans on Dial.and Elect.Insul,2000.7:39-44
[48]KREUGER.I.Blance partial dischargeenergy.j.electr.eng.50,1999.47-50
[49]Kawada H,Honda M,Inoue T,et al.Partial Discharge Automatic Monitor for Oil-filled Power Transform.Dection.IEEE Trans,1984.23-25
[50]A.GREENWOOD.Electrical Transiens in Power Systems.Wiley,1991,2 edition.12-13
[51]STONE G.C,practical implementation of ultra wideband partial discharge diction.ieee trans.on elec insual,vol27,1992.14-15
[52]方思立.提高发电机励磁系统整流装置的可靠性.电网技术,2001,25(4):24-26
[53]何丙茂.对同步发电机励磁系统若干问题的思考.电网技术,1999,23(3):27-30
[54]何友光.现代中小型同步发电机励磁系统的分析与设计.北京:机械工业出版社,,1990.46-50
[55]邢兵锁.同步发电机励磁装置改造.矿山机械,2000,32(4):10-12
[56]陈振伟,程宏伟.自并励汽轮发电机励磁电源问题探讨.中国电力,2000,25(8):35-37
[57]胡志光.火电厂电气设备与运行.北京:中国电力出版社,2004.50-54
[58]涂光瑜.汽轮发电机及电气设备.北京:中国电力出版社,1998.20-32
[59]丁尔谋.发电厂励磁调节.北京:中国电力出版社,1998.4-33
[60]陈福山,张德平.发电机磁场断路器柜烧毁事故原因分析及改进意见.吉林电力,2001,27(2):41-43
[61]国家电力调度通信中心.电力系统安全稳定导则.2001
[62]周全仁,张海.现代电网自动控制系统及其应用.北京:中国电力出版社,2004.108-135
[2]PSASP6.2版使用手册
[3]张旭昶.同步发电机励磁装置及其在PSASP中模型的研究:[硕士学位论文].浙江:浙江大学,2006
[4]方军.PSS/E的发电机组励磁系统建模和电力系统分析:[硕士学位论文].福州:福州大学,2004
[5]张旭昶.电力系统仿真软件PSASP的励磁系统自定义建模.电气应用,2006,5(11):9-12
[6]IEEE recommended practice for excitation system models for power system studies,1992.44-46
[7]IEEE Committee Report.Computer Representation of excitation systems.IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.,1968.1460-1464
[8]李广凯,李庚银.电力系统仿真软件综述.电气电子教学学报,2005,7(3):44-47
[9]BPA3.07版本使用手册
[10]P.P.Barker and R.W.Mello.Determining the impact of distributed generation on power systems:Part 1-Radial distribution systems[J].IEEE 2000 Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting,2000.3:1645-1656
[11]J.C.Gomez,M.M.Morcos.Coordination overcurrent protection and voltage sag in distributed generation systems[J].IEEE Power Engineering Review,2002.22(2):16-19
[12]阮前途,陶玉华.大电网中小系统的安全运行.华东电力,1997,11(6):5-8
[13]万千云.电力系统运行实用技术问答(第二版).北京:中国电力出版社,2005.256-271
[14]R.C.Dugan,T.E.McDermott.Distributed generation[J].IEEE Industry Applications Magazine,2002.8(2):19-25
[15]J.Jager,T.Keil,L.Shang,R.Krebs.New protection coordination methods in the presence of distributed generation.The Eighth IEEE International Conference on Developments in Power System Protection,2004.1:319-322
[16]姚成,朱金大,徐石明.小电源在110KV变电站上网的一种实用保护解决 方案.继电器,2005,33(8):71-75
[17]王希舟.分布式发电与配电网保护协调性研究:[硕士学位论文].浙江:浙江大学,2006
[18]胡成志.分布式电源接入系统的研究:[硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆大学,2005
[19]国家电力调度通信中心编.电力系统继电保护实用技术问答(第二版).北京:中国电力出版社,1999.306-321
[20]许正亚.变压器及中低压网络数字式保护.北京:中国电力出版社,2005.79-96
[21]伍叶凯等.微机短线路光纤纵差保护装置的研究.继电器,1996,24(2):9-16
[22]李艳丽.基于DSP的低压短线路保护的研究:[硕士学位论文].山东:山东大学,2002
[23]赵志武.自备电网继电保护的现状于存在问题的探讨.山西煤炭,2004,9(12):42-44
[24]李清波,刘沛.光纤纵差保护的应用及灵敏度的提高.电力自动化设备,2002,22(4):21-24
[25]崔家佩等.电力系统继电保护与安全自动装置整定计算.北京:中国电力出版社,1993.395-416
[26]Taylor C W.电力系统电压稳定.王伟胜,译.北京:中国电力出版社,2002.92-108
[27]袁季修.电力系统安全稳定控制.北京:中国电力出版社,1996.103-158
[28]倪以信.动态电力系统的理论和分析.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.98-125
[29]于浩等.发电机实用模型的选取对稳定计算的影响.中国电力,1998,45(10):10-13
[30]Kosterev D N,Taylor C W,Mittelstadt W A.Model Validation for the August 10,1996 WSCC System Outage.IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1999.14(3):21-24
[31]吴红斌等.发电机和负荷模型对暂态稳定性影响的概率分析.电网技术,2004,18(1):19-21
[32]Kilani KB,Schlueter RA.Trends in model development for stability studies in power system.Electric Power Systems Research,vol.53,no.3,1 March 2000.16-19
[33]Tamura T,Nakazawa C,Chihara I.A consideration on the accuracy of various synchronous machine models for power system transient stability analysis.Transactions of the institute of electric engineers of Japan,Part B,vol.121-B,no.3,March 2001.26-30
[34]杨冠城.电力系统自动装置原理(第三版).北京:中国电力出版社,2002.56-84
[35]Q/GDW 142—2006,同步发电机励磁系统建模导则.北京:国家电网公司,2006
[36]锁军,史可琴.渭河3号机组励磁系统参数测试与仿真.电网技术,2007,31(5):72-74
[37]刘永奇,苏为民.华北电网大容量发电机励磁系统建模与参数辨识测试.电网技术,2007,31(5):64-71
[38]李基成.现代同步发电机励磁系统设计及应用.北京:中国电力出版社,2002.207-285
[39]赵红光,刘增煌等.华中—川渝联网稳定计算用发电机励磁和调速系统的数.电网技术,2007,31(5):50-63
[40]Kalyan K.Sen,Member,IEEE,SSSC-Static Synchronous Series Compensator:Theory,Modeling,and Applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,Vol.13,No.1,January 1998.18-21
[41]王景钢.实测负荷模型参数及其对动态仿真影响的研究:[硕士学位论文].北京:华北电力大学,2005
[42]Prabha Kunder.Power System and Control[M].Mcgraw-Hill,Inc,New York,1994.24-27
[43]Brian K.Perkins M.R.Iiravani,Dynamic Modeling of a TCSC with Application to SSR Analysis[J]IEEE Transactions on Power systems,Vol.12,No.4,November 1997.17-21
[44]T.Naksta,N.Takahal.Finite Element Analysis of Flux and Current Distributions under Specified Conditions.IEEE Trans.Magan.Vol.MAG-18,No.2,1982.12-15
[45]M.S.Ghazizadeh,E.M.Hughest.a Generator Transfer Function Regulator for Improved Excitation Systems.Power System,1968.6-8
[46]Goodwin G C,Evans R.J.Design of Nonlinear PID Conference of the International Federation of Automatic Control.Triennial(uk),1994.21-22
[47]A Krivda.Automatic Recognition of Partial Discharges[J].IEEE Trans on Dial.and Elect.Insul,2000.7:39-44
[48]KREUGER.I.Blance partial dischargeenergy.j.electr.eng.50,1999.47-50
[49]Kawada H,Honda M,Inoue T,et al.Partial Discharge Automatic Monitor for Oil-filled Power Transform.Dection.IEEE Trans,1984.23-25
[50]A.GREENWOOD.Electrical Transiens in Power Systems.Wiley,1991,2 edition.12-13
[51]STONE G.C,practical implementation of ultra wideband partial discharge diction.ieee trans.on elec insual,vol27,1992.14-15
[52]方思立.提高发电机励磁系统整流装置的可靠性.电网技术,2001,25(4):24-26
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