锚杆锚固质量动力响应特征与检测技术研究
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摘要
锚杆锚固质量缺陷检测技术研究是岩土锚固工程中的重要研究课题之一，开展锚杆锚固质量动力响应特征与检测技术研究具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。本文通过理论分析、数值计算和现场测试相结合的手段开展工作，主要结论有：
⑴基于弹性动力学理论，建立了缺陷锚杆锚固质量的动力响应模型，分析了完全锚固锚杆和缺陷锚杆锚固质量的动力响应特征。结果表明，完全锚固锚杆动力响应特征具有空间性和时间性，即同一时间不同位置的位移、振动速度不同，同一位置不同时间的位移和振动速度不同；对于缺陷锚杆锚固体，应力波的振动速度、振幅变化较大，在不同缺陷程度的接触界面处振幅和速度将会发生突变，缺陷程度越严重，其突变幅度越大。
⑵利用有限元对频率分别为f=1000、2000、3900、6000、7000、8000Hz激发波产生的应力波在锚杆中传播特性以及不同密度、弹性模量的锚杆锚固体动力响应特征进行了数值模拟。结果表明；频率1000~8000Hz之间存在一个最佳激发波；锚杆锚固体的密度和弹性模量与应力波的位移、速度成正比；激发波频率相同的情况下，锚杆锚固体的密度和弹性模量越小，底端反射出现的周期越多。
⑶利用傅里叶变换进行了频谱分析，确定了动力测试信号的主频；完成了不同频率范围锚杆锚固质量动力测试信号滤波分析。结果表明，当滤波的频谱为主频某一范围时，能大幅度消除干扰波，滤波效果最佳。
⑷现场测试研究表明，当锚杆锚固体长度小于某一长度时或大于某一长度时，不能从动力测试信号中识别该长度，即锚杆锚固质量动力测试信号识别技术存在盲区。应力波在两个单面焊接锚杆中传播时，应力波只传播到第一个锚杆底部而不会向第二根锚杆继续传播；应力波在中部横向焊接在其它结构物的锚杆中传播时，应力波不会受其焊接影响而继续向前传播。
The research of anchorage quality defect detection technology of the bolt is one of theimportant research topics in the study of rock and earth anchoring construction, carrying outthe research of anchor rod firmly quality dynamic response characteristics and detectiontechnology of the anchor has important theoretical significance and engineering applicationvalue. In this paper, the work is carried out through combining the theoretical analysisnumerical calculation with field testing methods, main conclusions are：
⑴Based on the elastic dynamics theory, established a dynamic response model of defectsanchor rod firmly quality, and analyzed the dynamic response characteristics of the fullanchor bolt and defects anchor rod firmly quality. Results show that the anchor boltcompletely dynamic response characteristics have spatiality and timeliness, that is to say thedisplacement and vibration velocity at the same time in different location is different and thedisplacement and vibration velocity in the same location at different times of is different too;For defects anchor rod anchor solid vibration velocity of stress wave, amplitude change isbigger, in the contact interface of different degree defects, the amplitude and velocity willoccur mutation and the more severe of the defect degree, the amplitude of the mutation will begreater.
⑵Using finite element method to simulate dynamic response characteristics of thedifferent density, elastic modulus anchored body by the frequency of f=1000,2000,6000,2000,6000Hz stress wave produced by excitation wave which transmits anchor rod. Theresults show that the greater the frequency of excitation waves, the greater displacement,velocity of stress wave; there is an optimum excitation wavelength when the frequency isbetween1000~8000Hz; the density and elastic modulus of anchoring body is proportional tothe stress wave displacement, velocity and acceleration; as the excitation wave frequency issame, the smaller the density and elastic modulus of anchoring body, the more the cycleappeared because of bottom reflection.
⑶Utilizing the Fourier transform for spectrum analysis, the frequency of the power testsignal is determined; the analysis of the dynamic test signal filtering of anchor rod firmlyquality in different frequency range is finished. Results show that when the filter frequencyspectrum is in the frequency of a certain scope, the interference wave can be greatlyeliminated, and the effect of filtering is the best.
⑷Field test results show that the test signal can not be identified from the power of thelength, which means dynamic test signal recognition technology of anchoring quality hasblind spots, when anchoring body length is less than or greater than a certain length. Whenthe stress wave propagates In the two-sided welding anchors, the stress wave propagates onlyto the bottom of first anchor rather than continue to spread to the second one; when the stresswave propagates in the anchors the middle part of which are welded transversely on otherstructures, the stress wave will continue to move forward without being influenced bywelding.
⑴基于弹性动力学理论，建立了缺陷锚杆锚固质量的动力响应模型，分析了完全锚固锚杆和缺陷锚杆锚固质量的动力响应特征。结果表明，完全锚固锚杆动力响应特征具有空间性和时间性，即同一时间不同位置的位移、振动速度不同，同一位置不同时间的位移和振动速度不同；对于缺陷锚杆锚固体，应力波的振动速度、振幅变化较大，在不同缺陷程度的接触界面处振幅和速度将会发生突变，缺陷程度越严重，其突变幅度越大。
⑵利用有限元对频率分别为f=1000、2000、3900、6000、7000、8000Hz激发波产生的应力波在锚杆中传播特性以及不同密度、弹性模量的锚杆锚固体动力响应特征进行了数值模拟。结果表明；频率1000~8000Hz之间存在一个最佳激发波；锚杆锚固体的密度和弹性模量与应力波的位移、速度成正比；激发波频率相同的情况下，锚杆锚固体的密度和弹性模量越小，底端反射出现的周期越多。
⑶利用傅里叶变换进行了频谱分析，确定了动力测试信号的主频；完成了不同频率范围锚杆锚固质量动力测试信号滤波分析。结果表明，当滤波的频谱为主频某一范围时，能大幅度消除干扰波，滤波效果最佳。
⑷现场测试研究表明，当锚杆锚固体长度小于某一长度时或大于某一长度时，不能从动力测试信号中识别该长度，即锚杆锚固质量动力测试信号识别技术存在盲区。应力波在两个单面焊接锚杆中传播时，应力波只传播到第一个锚杆底部而不会向第二根锚杆继续传播；应力波在中部横向焊接在其它结构物的锚杆中传播时，应力波不会受其焊接影响而继续向前传播。
The research of anchorage quality defect detection technology of the bolt is one of theimportant research topics in the study of rock and earth anchoring construction, carrying outthe research of anchor rod firmly quality dynamic response characteristics and detectiontechnology of the anchor has important theoretical significance and engineering applicationvalue. In this paper, the work is carried out through combining the theoretical analysisnumerical calculation with field testing methods, main conclusions are：
⑴Based on the elastic dynamics theory, established a dynamic response model of defectsanchor rod firmly quality, and analyzed the dynamic response characteristics of the fullanchor bolt and defects anchor rod firmly quality. Results show that the anchor boltcompletely dynamic response characteristics have spatiality and timeliness, that is to say thedisplacement and vibration velocity at the same time in different location is different and thedisplacement and vibration velocity in the same location at different times of is different too;For defects anchor rod anchor solid vibration velocity of stress wave, amplitude change isbigger, in the contact interface of different degree defects, the amplitude and velocity willoccur mutation and the more severe of the defect degree, the amplitude of the mutation will begreater.
⑵Using finite element method to simulate dynamic response characteristics of thedifferent density, elastic modulus anchored body by the frequency of f=1000,2000,6000,2000,6000Hz stress wave produced by excitation wave which transmits anchor rod. Theresults show that the greater the frequency of excitation waves, the greater displacement,velocity of stress wave; there is an optimum excitation wavelength when the frequency isbetween1000~8000Hz; the density and elastic modulus of anchoring body is proportional tothe stress wave displacement, velocity and acceleration; as the excitation wave frequency issame, the smaller the density and elastic modulus of anchoring body, the more the cycleappeared because of bottom reflection.
⑶Utilizing the Fourier transform for spectrum analysis, the frequency of the power testsignal is determined; the analysis of the dynamic test signal filtering of anchor rod firmlyquality in different frequency range is finished. Results show that when the filter frequencyspectrum is in the frequency of a certain scope, the interference wave can be greatlyeliminated, and the effect of filtering is the best.
⑷Field test results show that the test signal can not be identified from the power of thelength, which means dynamic test signal recognition technology of anchoring quality hasblind spots, when anchoring body length is less than or greater than a certain length. Whenthe stress wave propagates In the two-sided welding anchors, the stress wave propagates onlyto the bottom of first anchor rather than continue to spread to the second one; when the stresswave propagates in the anchors the middle part of which are welded transversely on otherstructures, the stress wave will continue to move forward without being influenced bywelding.
引文
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