基于声波测井信息的地应力分析与裂缝预测研究
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摘要
油藏地应力对油气资源的形成、运移及储集等有直接控制作用,裂缝是油气的主要或重要渗流通道。因此,研究储层的地应力特征及分析裂缝发育情况对油田开发有重要的工程指导作用。
本文基于声波测井资料研究油田储层的地应力及裂缝发育特征,主要研究成果如下:
(1)分析了储层地应力特征的计算方法,确定了以声波测井法、水力压裂法和有限元数值模拟方法作为本文地应力分析的理论依据。
(2)针对某一研究区块分别应用声波测井法、水力压裂法计算研究区块典型井点的地应力值;并且以水力压裂法确定的典型井点的地应力大小和方向作为约束目标,对研究区块的地应力场进行有限元数值模拟,得到储层平面的地应力分布规律。并将不同方法得到的地应力结果进行对比分析。
(3)在对研究区块应用有限元模拟计算储层地应力的基础上,根据破裂准则研究了该区块储层平面的裂缝发育特征,得出了储层裂缝发育方位、破裂率分布规律,绘出区块的裂缝发育方位图、破裂率等值线图等。
(4)储层裂缝发育规律研究及地应力分布的计算都与地层力学参数有密切关系。根据声波测井信息提取地层的纵波、横波,结合密度资料及相关计算准则,采用VB语言编制了声波测井计算分析软件,从而计算岩石力学参数,分析区块中典型井点沿深度连续分布的地应力特征及裂缝发育规律。
(5)分析了油田开发过程中水力压裂裂缝与地应力间的关系,得到了油层主应力的大小关系对压裂裂缝形态的影响规律;研究了合理注采井网及合理井网密度之间的关系,得到井网与地应力之间的优化匹配关系。根据得到的地应力特征与压裂缝长度、方位及注采井网井距之间的规律,确定了所研究区块人工压裂裂缝的方向及其井网井距部署。
Reservoir stress suggests a direct control effect of oil and gas formation and movement, and the fracture is the major seepage channel of oil and gas. So,study on in-situ stress character and fracture development of reservoir has a very important guidance meaning to the engineering.
The in-situ stress and crack development characteristics of oilfield reservoir based on acoustic logging data are studied in this paper, and the major contents are summarized as follows:
Firstly, this paper analyses the calculation methods of in-situ stress distribution, and the main methods include acoustic logging, hydraulic fracturing and finite element simulation. The methods can be considered as theoretical basis for analysis of in-situ stress.
Secondly, the methods of sonic logging and hydraulic fracturing are employed to calculate the principal stress in a certain studied block. Then, with the size and orientation of in-situ stress in typical well as constraint target, finite element numerical simulation was performed to research the distribution of in-situ stress in the block, and the law of in-situ stress distribution was found. The results of in-situ stress obtained from the three methods were also compared in this paper.
Thirdly, based on the results of in-situ stress in the block, finite element method was applied to obtain the feature of fracture development on reservoir plane. According to the criteria of rock rupture, fracture development graph and contour map of breaking rate were drawn in the block.
Fourthly, the formation mechanical properties have close relationship with development law of cracks in oilfield reservoir as well as the distribution of in-situ stress. The compressional and shear waves in a formation were extracted based on acoustic logging information, and application software of acoustic logging was compiled by combining with density data and related calculation criterion.
Finally, the relationship between hydraulic fracturing crack and in-situ stress was analyzed, and the effect law of relative in-situ stress on fracture morphology was getted.The paper also studied the relationship between reasonable well network and well spacing density, then, the optimization matching relationship between well pattern and in-situ stress was obtained. Baesd on the law of above mentioned, the orientation of hydraulic fracturing and deployment of well pattern and spacing were determined.
本文基于声波测井资料研究油田储层的地应力及裂缝发育特征,主要研究成果如下:
(1)分析了储层地应力特征的计算方法,确定了以声波测井法、水力压裂法和有限元数值模拟方法作为本文地应力分析的理论依据。
(2)针对某一研究区块分别应用声波测井法、水力压裂法计算研究区块典型井点的地应力值;并且以水力压裂法确定的典型井点的地应力大小和方向作为约束目标,对研究区块的地应力场进行有限元数值模拟,得到储层平面的地应力分布规律。并将不同方法得到的地应力结果进行对比分析。
(3)在对研究区块应用有限元模拟计算储层地应力的基础上,根据破裂准则研究了该区块储层平面的裂缝发育特征,得出了储层裂缝发育方位、破裂率分布规律,绘出区块的裂缝发育方位图、破裂率等值线图等。
(4)储层裂缝发育规律研究及地应力分布的计算都与地层力学参数有密切关系。根据声波测井信息提取地层的纵波、横波,结合密度资料及相关计算准则,采用VB语言编制了声波测井计算分析软件,从而计算岩石力学参数,分析区块中典型井点沿深度连续分布的地应力特征及裂缝发育规律。
(5)分析了油田开发过程中水力压裂裂缝与地应力间的关系,得到了油层主应力的大小关系对压裂裂缝形态的影响规律;研究了合理注采井网及合理井网密度之间的关系,得到井网与地应力之间的优化匹配关系。根据得到的地应力特征与压裂缝长度、方位及注采井网井距之间的规律,确定了所研究区块人工压裂裂缝的方向及其井网井距部署。
Reservoir stress suggests a direct control effect of oil and gas formation and movement, and the fracture is the major seepage channel of oil and gas. So,study on in-situ stress character and fracture development of reservoir has a very important guidance meaning to the engineering.
The in-situ stress and crack development characteristics of oilfield reservoir based on acoustic logging data are studied in this paper, and the major contents are summarized as follows:
Firstly, this paper analyses the calculation methods of in-situ stress distribution, and the main methods include acoustic logging, hydraulic fracturing and finite element simulation. The methods can be considered as theoretical basis for analysis of in-situ stress.
Secondly, the methods of sonic logging and hydraulic fracturing are employed to calculate the principal stress in a certain studied block. Then, with the size and orientation of in-situ stress in typical well as constraint target, finite element numerical simulation was performed to research the distribution of in-situ stress in the block, and the law of in-situ stress distribution was found. The results of in-situ stress obtained from the three methods were also compared in this paper.
Thirdly, based on the results of in-situ stress in the block, finite element method was applied to obtain the feature of fracture development on reservoir plane. According to the criteria of rock rupture, fracture development graph and contour map of breaking rate were drawn in the block.
Fourthly, the formation mechanical properties have close relationship with development law of cracks in oilfield reservoir as well as the distribution of in-situ stress. The compressional and shear waves in a formation were extracted based on acoustic logging information, and application software of acoustic logging was compiled by combining with density data and related calculation criterion.
Finally, the relationship between hydraulic fracturing crack and in-situ stress was analyzed, and the effect law of relative in-situ stress on fracture morphology was getted.The paper also studied the relationship between reasonable well network and well spacing density, then, the optimization matching relationship between well pattern and in-situ stress was obtained. Baesd on the law of above mentioned, the orientation of hydraulic fracturing and deployment of well pattern and spacing were determined.
引文
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[19]Eissa,E.A.& Kazi,A.1988.Relation between Static and Dynamic Young’s Modular of Rocks.International Journal of Rock Mechanics,Mining Science and Geomechanical Abstracts,479-482
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[26]康义逵.应用测井资料计算储层地应力的方法[J].试采技术,2002,23(2):16-18
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[29]尤明庆.水压致裂法测量地应力方法的研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(3):350-353
[30]赵庆.应用压裂资料计算地应力的一种方法[J].河南石油,2005,19(1):43-45
[31]刘允芳.水力压裂法三维地应力测量[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1991,10(3):246-256
[32]王仁.地球构造应力场的反演[A],王仁文集[C].北京:北京大学出版社,1999:282-289
[33]殷有泉.有限单元方法及其在地学中的应用[M].北京:地震出版社,1987
[34]彭成勇,楼一珊,朱亮,等.用ANSYS方法模拟横向地应力[J].河南石油,2006,20(2):68-70
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[2]李志明,张金珠.地应力与油气田勘探开发[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997
[3]慈建发.钻前井壁力学稳定性研究[D].成都:西南石油学院,2005
[4]刘向君,罗平亚.石油测井与井壁稳定[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999
[5]刘之的.碳酸盐岩地层井壁稳定性测井评价方法研究[D].成都:西南石油学院,2004
[6]刘泽凯,陈耀林,唐汝众.地应力技术在油田开发中的应用[J].油气采收率技术,1991,1(1):48-56
[7]王法轩,刘长松,张强德.地层应力测量技术及其在油田开发中的应用[J].断块油气田,1997,4(2):41-45
[8]马寅生.地应力在油气地质研究中的作用、意义和研究现状[J].地质力学学报,1997,3(2):41-46
[9]曹嘉猷.测井资料综合解释[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002
[10]王建华.声波测井技术综述[J].工程地球物理学报,2006,3(5):395-400
[11]楚泽涵.声波测井原理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1987
[12]陈成宗.工程岩体声波测试技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1990
[13]张筠,林绍文.利用测井进行地层弹性特征及应力场分析[J].测井技术,2001,25(6):467-472
[14]楼一珊等.岩石动静弹性参数相关性研究及其在石油工程中的应用[A].岩石力学在工程中的应用(第二次全国岩石力学与工程学术会议论文集[C]),北京:知识出版社,1989:337-344
[15]林英松,葛洪魁,王顺昌.岩石动静力学参数的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(2):216-222
[16]楼一珊,庄锦江,黄荣樽.岩石动静弹性参数相关性的研究及其应用[J].江汉石油学院学报,1989,11(2):69-69
[17]R.D.Kuhlman,et al.Field tests of downhole extensometer used to obtain in-situ stress data.SPE25905,1993:625-634
[18]Myung,J.I.& Helander,D.P.1972.Correlation of elastic moduli dynamically measured by in situ and laboratory techniques.Transactions of SPWLA 13th Annual LoggingSymposium.Paper H
[19]Eissa,E.A.& Kazi,A.1988.Relation between Static and Dynamic Young’s Modular of Rocks.International Journal of Rock Mechanics,Mining Science and Geomechanical Abstracts,479-482
[20]雍世和,洪有密.测井资料综合解释与数字处理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1982
[21]李毓.现今地应力场特征与评价—以川西坳陷中部侏罗系为例[D].成都:成都理工大学,2004
[22]刘莉,崔丽颖,杨旭,等.地层主应力的确定及在低渗透油田开发中的应用[J].测井技术,2001,25(5):373-376
[23]郭硕.山东万福矿区地应力测量及其应力场分析[D].北京:北京科技大学,2006
[24]余雄鹰,王越之,李自俊.声波法计算水平主地应力值[J].石油学报,1996,17(3):59-62
[25]马建海,孙建孟.用测井资料计算地层应力[J].测井技术,2002,26(4):347-351
[26]康义逵.应用测井资料计算储层地应力的方法[J].试采技术,2002,23(2):16-18
[27]葛洪魁,王顺昌.地应力测试及其在勘探开发中的应用[J].石油大学学报,1998,22(1):94-99
[28]阎树汶,常贵钊,张永敏,等.岩石破裂压力和力学特性参数的计算[J].西安石油学院学报,1994,9(4):7-11
[29]尤明庆.水压致裂法测量地应力方法的研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(3):350-353
[30]赵庆.应用压裂资料计算地应力的一种方法[J].河南石油,2005,19(1):43-45
[31]刘允芳.水力压裂法三维地应力测量[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1991,10(3):246-256
[32]王仁.地球构造应力场的反演[A],王仁文集[C].北京:北京大学出版社,1999:282-289
[33]殷有泉.有限单元方法及其在地学中的应用[M].北京:地震出版社,1987
[34]彭成勇,楼一珊,朱亮,等.用ANSYS方法模拟横向地应力[J].河南石油,2006,20(2):68-70
[35]殷有泉,陈虎,蒋阗,等.储层应力场的数值模拟[J].地质力学学报,1999,5(1):50-59
[36]陈波,田崇鲁.储层构造裂缝数值模拟技术的应用实例[J].石油学报,1998,19(4):50-54
[37]唐湘容,李晶.构造应力场有限元数值模拟在裂缝预测中的应用[J].天然气工业,2005,12(2):25-28
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