城市滨河绿地设计研究
|
摘要
河流往往是一个城市生长的起点,与城市产生和发展有着密切的关系,其周边地区是城市发展过程中最富有活力的地区之一,具有丰富的城市形态、历史文化积淀和优美的自然环境。河流的这些特点决定了滨河绿地必然成为城市生活中的热点地区。
长期以来以工业化为特征的城市河流开发活动,把满足人类功利性要求最为最高目标,导致河流生态环境的破坏与传统滨水文化的失落。城滨河绿地建设作为改善城市河流环境的有效手段,不应该仅仅满足于人们的视觉享受,更应该担负起保护与恢复河流生态环境、延续城市历史文化的重任,并为城市的经济可持续发展创造良好的环境条件。
在城市基底中,河流廊道具有连续性的自然特征,因此它们是城市自然保护和栖息地修复的重要对象之一。本文提出结合河流生态修复设计、加强栖息地和物种多样性的滨河绿地设计方法,恢复河流的水文过程,并在此基础上提出满足人们的各类滨水游憩活动的途径。这些设计方法以滨水城市设计和生态学相关知识为基础,案例研究则将生态学研究和人的需要结合在一起,通过使用这些方法对国内外不同城市滨河绿地的研究,来对这些原则加以证明。这些原则可以用来缓解或者恢复河流廊道的功能,通过加强植被和连接城市水系来加强河流廊道的连续性。通过改善流域天然水循环过程、使用生态护岸、建造缓冲带和雨水截留措施来是河流的水文过程得到加强。由于许多城市河流沿岸建筑密集、城市地下水位较低,可能无法使用这些方法。在这些城市内,如果使这些状况得到缓解,将是代价高昂或者几乎是不可能的。如何在这些城市滨水区创造健康的自然系统,同时使用生态设计的方法,尚须进一步探讨。
许多城市河流周边地区仍然被大量赖水而生的工业、交通用地或者杂乱的民居所占领,使得城市环境变得十分恶劣,环境亟需进行更新改造,形成以商业办公、文化娱乐、居住、观光旅游等多种功能相结合的综合体。这些改变要求城市滨河绿地建设不仅着眼于塑造优美的河流岸线,更应着眼于与城市的整体发展、保护、更新等的形态设计的统一,要能够有效的整合周边地区的城市资源,加强与城市背景相融合,通过整体的功能调整、改善城市环境、促进城市经济的复兴和发展。
城市河流往往具有丰厚的历史文化底蕴。因此在滨河绿地设计过程中,继承与延续特有的滨水文化是城市滨河绿地设计内容的一个重要方面。如何保护滨水文化与传统价值是设计的重点。要兼顾历史名胜保护的需要和现实社会不同人群的需要的前提下,给与这些历史遗产以新的活力和历史定位,让他们与现实环境共生共荣,成为集休闲、旅游、文化生态等多种功能,时尚与历史交融的现代滨水开放空间。
城市生态敏感地区的滨河绿地管理需要改变原有“重建设轻管理”的模式,将设计、建设、管理作为一个整体进行考虑。只有这样,才能够真正实现城市河流的可持续发展。
River was often the origins of cities.As one of the most prosperous sectors in urban history,waterfronts have good city form with beautiful scenery and deep cultural background.Thus it was inevitably growing as one of the most important section of the city.
Since the development of shipping industry and manufacture,urban rivers were usually modified greatly.That modification takes riverfronts abandoned and contaminative,with waterfront culture losing.As effective measures to improve river environment,not only aesthetics should be emphasized in riverfront landscape design,but also restoring river environment,as well as the protection of historical heritages and city culture.
River corridors have become important resources for the preservation of nature and habitat restoration because they remain a continuous natural feature within urban landscapes.This study develops riverfront design strategies and principles to enhance habitats and species diversity,restore hydrological processes,and provide opportunities for human activities.Those design strategies and principles developed from integration and literature on waterfront design and landscape ecology,and the cases study that integrates ecological and human concerns.The resulting principles were applied to different riverfronts in several,including internal and overseas urban riverfront,to illustrate and understand their usefulness.Mitigation and restoration measures could be applied to enhance the ecological function of the river corridors and applied to re-establish the lost connectivity by enhancing vegetation,part of the floodplain by removing barriers and linkage of water systems.Hydrological processes are enhanced by using bioengineering to the retaining wall and construction of buffers and bioretention ponds or swales.In some sites,the principles could not be applied because of the presence of buildings and low water table.Their mitigation would represent a costly initiative and almost being impossible.How to establish and create healthier natural systems,while addressing human needs in riverfront environments of theses cities could have been studied further.
Riverfronts are mostly clutter of factories,transport facilities and residential in many cities,which made rivers spoiled.Renewing and alteration in those sites were needed to integrate offices,commerce,recreation,residence and tourism in the riverfronts.The designers would not only with an eye to beautiful scenery,but also to integration of the overall development of cities,the protection of city form and urban renewal.Recreation facilities,historical sites and other open space nearby should also be linked into a whole. The development of waterfronts should be enhanced by improvement of riverfront environment and adjustment of their function.
With riverfront often being a place with deep historical and cultural background, inheritance and extension of the unique waterfront culture is a key to riverfront greenspace design.Both protection of historical heritage and recreational needs of different groups should be regarded equally,new vitality and new historical positioning should be given to those.All those should be symbiotic and prosperous with their surrounding,and the riverfronts would have been multifunctional open space with vogue and deep historical background in cities.
Steward and construction of riverfront greenspace in urban environmentally sensitive areas should be regarded equally.Design,construction and steward should be integrated to achieve sustainable development of urban rivers.
长期以来以工业化为特征的城市河流开发活动,把满足人类功利性要求最为最高目标,导致河流生态环境的破坏与传统滨水文化的失落。城滨河绿地建设作为改善城市河流环境的有效手段,不应该仅仅满足于人们的视觉享受,更应该担负起保护与恢复河流生态环境、延续城市历史文化的重任,并为城市的经济可持续发展创造良好的环境条件。
在城市基底中,河流廊道具有连续性的自然特征,因此它们是城市自然保护和栖息地修复的重要对象之一。本文提出结合河流生态修复设计、加强栖息地和物种多样性的滨河绿地设计方法,恢复河流的水文过程,并在此基础上提出满足人们的各类滨水游憩活动的途径。这些设计方法以滨水城市设计和生态学相关知识为基础,案例研究则将生态学研究和人的需要结合在一起,通过使用这些方法对国内外不同城市滨河绿地的研究,来对这些原则加以证明。这些原则可以用来缓解或者恢复河流廊道的功能,通过加强植被和连接城市水系来加强河流廊道的连续性。通过改善流域天然水循环过程、使用生态护岸、建造缓冲带和雨水截留措施来是河流的水文过程得到加强。由于许多城市河流沿岸建筑密集、城市地下水位较低,可能无法使用这些方法。在这些城市内,如果使这些状况得到缓解,将是代价高昂或者几乎是不可能的。如何在这些城市滨水区创造健康的自然系统,同时使用生态设计的方法,尚须进一步探讨。
许多城市河流周边地区仍然被大量赖水而生的工业、交通用地或者杂乱的民居所占领,使得城市环境变得十分恶劣,环境亟需进行更新改造,形成以商业办公、文化娱乐、居住、观光旅游等多种功能相结合的综合体。这些改变要求城市滨河绿地建设不仅着眼于塑造优美的河流岸线,更应着眼于与城市的整体发展、保护、更新等的形态设计的统一,要能够有效的整合周边地区的城市资源,加强与城市背景相融合,通过整体的功能调整、改善城市环境、促进城市经济的复兴和发展。
城市河流往往具有丰厚的历史文化底蕴。因此在滨河绿地设计过程中,继承与延续特有的滨水文化是城市滨河绿地设计内容的一个重要方面。如何保护滨水文化与传统价值是设计的重点。要兼顾历史名胜保护的需要和现实社会不同人群的需要的前提下,给与这些历史遗产以新的活力和历史定位,让他们与现实环境共生共荣,成为集休闲、旅游、文化生态等多种功能,时尚与历史交融的现代滨水开放空间。
城市生态敏感地区的滨河绿地管理需要改变原有“重建设轻管理”的模式,将设计、建设、管理作为一个整体进行考虑。只有这样,才能够真正实现城市河流的可持续发展。
River was often the origins of cities.As one of the most prosperous sectors in urban history,waterfronts have good city form with beautiful scenery and deep cultural background.Thus it was inevitably growing as one of the most important section of the city.
Since the development of shipping industry and manufacture,urban rivers were usually modified greatly.That modification takes riverfronts abandoned and contaminative,with waterfront culture losing.As effective measures to improve river environment,not only aesthetics should be emphasized in riverfront landscape design,but also restoring river environment,as well as the protection of historical heritages and city culture.
River corridors have become important resources for the preservation of nature and habitat restoration because they remain a continuous natural feature within urban landscapes.This study develops riverfront design strategies and principles to enhance habitats and species diversity,restore hydrological processes,and provide opportunities for human activities.Those design strategies and principles developed from integration and literature on waterfront design and landscape ecology,and the cases study that integrates ecological and human concerns.The resulting principles were applied to different riverfronts in several,including internal and overseas urban riverfront,to illustrate and understand their usefulness.Mitigation and restoration measures could be applied to enhance the ecological function of the river corridors and applied to re-establish the lost connectivity by enhancing vegetation,part of the floodplain by removing barriers and linkage of water systems.Hydrological processes are enhanced by using bioengineering to the retaining wall and construction of buffers and bioretention ponds or swales.In some sites,the principles could not be applied because of the presence of buildings and low water table.Their mitigation would represent a costly initiative and almost being impossible.How to establish and create healthier natural systems,while addressing human needs in riverfront environments of theses cities could have been studied further.
Riverfronts are mostly clutter of factories,transport facilities and residential in many cities,which made rivers spoiled.Renewing and alteration in those sites were needed to integrate offices,commerce,recreation,residence and tourism in the riverfronts.The designers would not only with an eye to beautiful scenery,but also to integration of the overall development of cities,the protection of city form and urban renewal.Recreation facilities,historical sites and other open space nearby should also be linked into a whole. The development of waterfronts should be enhanced by improvement of riverfront environment and adjustment of their function.
With riverfront often being a place with deep historical and cultural background, inheritance and extension of the unique waterfront culture is a key to riverfront greenspace design.Both protection of historical heritage and recreational needs of different groups should be regarded equally,new vitality and new historical positioning should be given to those.All those should be symbiotic and prosperous with their surrounding,and the riverfronts would have been multifunctional open space with vogue and deep historical background in cities.
Steward and construction of riverfront greenspace in urban environmentally sensitive areas should be regarded equally.Design,construction and steward should be integrated to achieve sustainable development of urban rivers.
引文
[1]芮孝芳.河流水文学[M].河海大学出版社2003.10:56
[2]刘滨谊.石家庄滹沱河生态规划启示[J].中国园林.66.69
[3]梁瑞驹.环境水文学[M].1998.中国水利水电出版社:51-52
[4]金元欢.城市水景的生态设计与综合治理--nars营造清澈秀美的原生态水景系统[M].水利水电出版社.2006:195
[5]岳隽等.城市河流的景观生态学研究:概念框架[M].2006,06.Vol.25.No.6:1422-1429
[6]邬建国.景观生态学--格局、过程、尺度与等级[M].高等教育出版社,2000.30-31.
[7]王欣英.基于实证的城市内河综合治理方法研究[J].中国科技信息.2007,14:191-192
[8]唐丽虹.城市内河综合整治对策与措施.中国市政工程[J].2006.8:55-56
[9]王沛芳等.城市河流生态系统建设模式研究及应用[J].河海大学学报,2005,1:68-71
[10]王超,王沛芳.城市水生态系统建设与管理[M].科学出版社,2005,10:36
[11][美]Lewis Murnford著,宋峻领等译.城市发展史:起源、演变和前景[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2005:146
[12]仇保兴.风景区和城市水系统的差别性、治理误区和对策[J].风景园林,2006,3:20-27
[13]周乃晟.城市水文学概论[M].华东师范大学出版社.1995:30
[14][英]M.J.藿尔著,詹道江等译.[M]城市水文学.河海大学出版社,1989,9.:23
[15]浅谈广州市绿色景观系统的构建[J].魅力中国.2008,2:184-185
[16]王绍增等.城市开敞空间的生态机理研究[J].中国园林.2001,4:5-9
[17]吴雅萍等.城市中心区滨水空间形态设计模式探讨[J].规划师.2002,12:21-25
[18]李洪远.对区域性生态园林建设的认识与思考[J].中国园林,2002,6:19-21
[19]建设部国家标准.城市绿地分类标准(CJJIT85-2002)[S].2002,9
[20]董哲仁,河流治理生态工程学的发展沿革与趋势[J].生态水工学探索[C].中国水利水电出版社,2007,3:49
[21]董哲仁.美国基西米河生态恢复工程的启示.水利水电技术,2004,09:8-12
[22]刘滨谊,余畅.美国绿道网络规划的发展与启示[M].中国园林.2001,6:77-81
[23]谭少华,赵万民.绿道规划研究进展与展望[M].中国园林.2007,2:85-89
[24]叶明.从DOWNTOWN到CBD--美国城市中心的演变[J].城市规划汇刊,1999,1:61-64
[25]刘滨谊,城市滨水区发展的景观化思路与实践,建筑学报,2007,7:14-11
[26]建设部.城市蓝线管理办法(建设部令第145)[S].2006,1
[27]邬建国,景观生态学--格局、过程、尺度与等级,高等教育出版社.2000.:2
[28]陈波,包志毅.土地利用的优化格局--Forman教授的景观规划思想[J].规划师,2004,7:66-67
[29]徐化成.景观生态学[M].1996.北京:中国林业出版社:80
[30]桑卫国等.片断化生境的特点及对生态系统过程的影响[J].见陈宣俞主编.生物多样性与人类未来[M],1998:309-314
[31]傅伯杰等.景观生态学原理及应用[M]北京:科学出版社2001:23-25
[32]孙东亚等.流域尺度的河流生态修复.水利水电技术.2005,5:11-14
[33]李团胜,王萍.绿道及其生态意义[J].生态学杂志,2001(20)6:59-61
[34]宋永昌,由文辉,王祥荣.城市生态学.华东师范大学出版社2000,10:286
[35]Good D A.英国的城市自然保护.生态学报,1990,3:96-108
[36]杨小波,吴庆书.城市生态学,科学出版社.2000,8:208-209
[37]阎水玉,王祥荣.城市河流在城市生态建设中的意义和应用方法.城市环境与城市生态,1999,12:36-38
[38]Amedcan Society of Landscape Architecture.宋艺译ALSA,1993.”ASLA Declaration on Environment and Development,"1993,10.城市环境设计,2007,1:13-15
[39]周大川.我国古代水利工程景观.水利天地,2003,9:38
[40]黄富厢.滨水区城市设计国际学术交流--规划开发案例[一].上海城市规划,2002,1:28-29
[41]钱欣.城市滨水区设计控制要素体系研究.中国园林,2004,11:28-33
[42]张翠蓁,姚亦峰.滨水景观设计及其历史文化承载再现的研究--南京外秦淮河规划.中国园林,2004,3:24-27
[43]董哲仁.河流生态恢复的目标[J].中国水利.2004,10:6-9
[44]郑钢,彭琪.永宁江城区生态环境综合治理示范工程--黄岩永宁公园工程建设漫谈[J].技术与市场(园林工程),2005.8:20-23
[45]俞孔坚等.河流再生设计--浙江永宁公园生态设计[J].中国园林,2005,5:1-7
[46]张素娟等.汤河公园植物景观多样性评价及生态效益分析[J].安徽农业科学.2008,36(13):5436-5437,544
[47]北京土人景观与建筑规划设计研究院和北京大学景观设计学院.绿荫里的红飘带--秦皇岛汤河公园[J],风景园林,52-54
[48]王颖等.试析秦皇岛市汤河带状公园二期工程--红飘带设计的生态理念[J].中国环境管理干部学院学报,2008,6:18-20
[49]俞孔坚等.最少干预--绿林中的红飘带秦皇岛汤和公园设计[J].城市环境设计2007,1:18-27
[50]董哲仁等.河流生态修复理论技术及其应用[J].水利水电技术.2009,1:4-6
[51]陈伟.城市经营中的滨水区开发与经营[J].规划师,2004,8:10-12
[52]赵峰等.还自然真实面目--山东昌邑潍河滨河公园设计[J].中国园林,2005,12:45-48
[53]朱琳.龚清宇.海河下游塘沽段生态堤岸设计导则[J].城市环境与城市生态.2005,2:10-13
[54]龚清宇等.基于城市河流半自然化的生态防洪对策.城市规划.2003,3:51-63
[55]束晨阳.城市河道景观设计模式探析[J].中国园林.1999,1.8-11
[56]刘英彩,张力.干旱河道的生态环境修复模式探索--以滹沱河(石家庄段)生态环境综合治理研究为例[J].规划师.20057:59-64
[57]黄河水利设计院,郑州市水利规划设计院.郑州市水系规划[R].2008,5:156
[58]龚清宇等.下莱茵流域河道半自然化--生态防洪与雨水管理案例[J].现代城市研究,2006,1-1.P32-40
[59]饶良懿.河岸植被缓冲带生态水文功能研究进展.中国水土保持科学,2008,86(4):121-128
[60]William M.Marsh.朱强等译.景观规划的环境学途径.中国建筑工业出版社.2006,12:212
[61]朱强等.景观规划中的生态廊道宽度[J].生态学报,2005,(9):2406-2412
[62]俞孔坚,刘海龙等.“反规划”途径[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2005,9:20
[63]张庭伟.城市滨水区设计与开发.同济大学出版社,2002,3:183-186
[64]林振洋等.生态公法技术参考手册(初稿)[M].台北:明文出版社,2004,10:12-8
[65]William M.Marsh.朱强等译.景观规划的环境学途径.中国建筑工业出版社.2006,12:212
[66]颜文兵等.河岸植被缓冲带规划及重建研究[J].西南林学院学报,2008,2:57-60
[67]王红涛等.生态理念的本土化表达--以温榆河生态走廊为案例[J].中国园林[J].2004.9:1-6
[68]俞孔坚等.城市滨水区多目标设计途径探索--浙江省慈溪市三灶江滨河景观设计[J].中国园林,2004,5:28-32
[69]林振洋,邱逸文等.生态工法概论[M].台北:明文书局股份有限公司出版,2003.8:56-57
[70]夏季红等.国内外城市河道生态型护岸研究现状及发展趋势[J].中国水土保持.2004,3:20-21
[71]贾乃谦.明代名臣刘天和的“植柳六法”[J].农业考古,2002,3:215-218
[72]刘滨谊,周江.论景观水系整治中的护岸规划设计[J].中国园林,2004,3:49-52
[73]温全平.城市河流堤岸生态设计模式探析.中国园林,2003,6:19-23
[74]左华.桂林环城水系整治及生态修复--生态护岸工程.桂林工学院学报,2005,10:437-441
[75]张谊.论城市水景的生态驳岸处理.中国园林,2003,1:52-54
[76]董哲仁,孙东亚.生态水利工程原理与技术[M].水利水电出版社,2007,3
[77]陈建耀.城市水文学研究进展--东南亚地区城市水文学学术研讨会综述[J].水文科技信息.1997,1:1-5
[78]姆斯.G.特鲁洛夫,周文正译.马里奥.谢赫楠[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2002.:1
[79]刘滨谊.城市滨水区发展的景观化思路与实践.建筑学报.2007,7:11-14
[80]哈里.迪尔.绿色革命--访SWA集团总裁凯文.珊立[J].风景园林.2006,03:8-16
[81]车武等.对城市雨水地下回灌的分析[J].城市环境与城市生态.2001.8:28-30
[82]Nicholas Dines and Kyle Brown,刘玉杰等译.景观设计师便携手册.中国建筑工业出版社,2002:209-234
[83]游孟陶,徐竞成.城市公共建筑雨水利用技术分析与探讨[J].中国环保产业.2004,7:34-36
[84]王紫雯,张向荣.新型雨水排放系统--健全城市水文生态系统的新领域[J].给水排水[J],2007,3:17-20
[85]Hans H Kienle.黄菲雯译.雨水与城市[J].北京规划建设.149-157
[86]周大鹏,宋云等.合流制污水排水系统截流倍数分析.安徽建筑工业学院学报.2005.10:88-90
[87]仇保兴.风景区和城市水系统的差别性、治理误区和对策[J].风景园林,2006,3:20-27
[88]汪霞,曾坚.城市人工湿地的营建[J].建筑学报,2005,8:46-49
[89]陈明利等.人工湿地去污机理研究进展[J].中南林学院学报,2006,6:123-127
[90]白晓慧等.人工湿地系统的构建原理及应用[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,1999,12:88-92
[91]刘国等.人工湿地处理污水技术及其在吉林省西部应用的可行性研究[J].地球科学进展.2004,1:206-210
[92]黄时达.成都市活水公园人工湿地系统10年运行回顾[J].四川环境.2008,3:66-70
[93]翟兴无.永定河滞洪水库工程设计[J].水利水电工程设计.2002,3:13-15
[94]水利部.中华人民共和国河道管理条例[S].1988
[95]孙东亚,董哲仁.关于堤防工程规范中增加生态技术内容的建议[J].水利水电技术.2005,3:4-8
[96]理查德·马歇尔,沙永杰译.中国建筑工业出版社[M]美国城市设计案例2004,3:58-61
[97]董哲仁.生态水利工程原理与技术[M].中国水利水电出版社,2007,3:289
[98]陈跃中.昆玉河生态水景走廊景观规划设计.中国园林[J].2005,10:33-40
[99]吴成照.西欧城市游憩规划的历史--理论和方法.城市规划汇刊[J].1995,4:22-33
[100]理查德·马歇尔,沙永杰译.中国建筑工业出版社[M].美国城设计案例.2004.1:58-61
[101]吴雅萍,高峻.城市中心区滨水空间形态设计模式探讨.[J]2002.12:21-25
[102]方庆,卜菁华.城市滨水区游憩空间设计研究.规划师[J,2003,9:46-49
[103]张庭伟.城市滨水区设计与开发.同济大学出版社,2002,3:176
[104]朱晨东.当代多自然型城市河流的设计与实践.水生态与水环境[J].2005,2.23-25
[105]刘成.可防卫空间理论与犯罪防预性环境设计.华中科技大学学报(城市科学版).2004,4:88-91
[106]由文汇等.滨岸缓冲带在河道生态修复中的应用研究.环境科学技术,2008,4:116-122
[107]吴国玺,朱俊阁.基于可持续发展的城市生态调控与绿化配置研究--以郑州市为例.生态经济.2001,9:149-151
[108]董哲仁,孙东亚。生态水利工程原理与技术[J].水利水电出版社,2007,3:198
[109]]左华.桂林环城水系整治及生态修复--城市水利工程[J].桂林工学院学报,2006,1:13-17
[110]汪霞.城市理水[D].天津大学建筑学院.2006,6:153
[111]城市风貌保护经验的借鉴与启示.杨华文,蔡晓丰.国外城市规划,2005.6:62-64
[112]张维亚.城市历史地段文化遗产研究综述.东南大学学报.2007,12:162-165
[113]阮仪三,孙萌.我国历史街区保护与规划的若干问题[J]城市规划.2001,5:25-32
[114]于一帆.巴黎市区的塞纳河滨水空间整治与利用.国外城市规划.2004,5:85-87
[115]潘谷西.中国古代建筑史(卷4)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版,2001
[116]梁波.日本产业遗产研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报.2008,3:9-17
[117]沈磊等.宁波太丰面粉厂改造竞赛[J].建筑学报.2006,8:31-24
[118]张旻等.地域特征在城市公园设计中的实证研究[J].天津城市建设学院学报.2007,6:88-96
[119]庄岳.中国古典园林创作的解释学传统[J].中国园林,2005(5):71-75
[120]刘滨谊等.人类聚居环境学理论为指导的城郊景观生态整治规划探析--以滹沱河石家庄市区段生态整治规划为例[J].中国园林,2003,2:30-34
[121]李双武.国外河流治理比较研究[J].河海水利.2007,6:66-68
[122]杨志峰.生态环境需水量理论、方法与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.3,20-50.
[123]Megan Dyson,Ger Bergkamp,John Scanlo.张国芳,孙凤,孙扬波,等译.环境流量[M].黄河水利出版社,2006.
[124]樊自立.塔里木河流域资源环境及可持续发展[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.5-10
[125]徐志侠等.基于生态系统分析的河道最小生态需水量计算方法研究(Ⅱ)[J].水利水电技术[J],2005,1:31-34
[126]冯平等.地下水生态需水量的估算方法及其恢复问题的研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2006,11:101-106
[127]卢中原等.我国城市供水现状问题[J].经济研究参考,2008,25:8-14
[128]马洪涛等.城市水生生态系统最小生态需水量--以北京为例.清华大学学报,2007,47(3):352-360
[129]王怀韧.郑州市水资源对策[J].中国水利.2001,5:65
[130]杨蕾等.郑州市水资源系统中若干问题的探讨.河南科学,2003,4:236-238
[131]李瑞森等.沧州市水环境恶化的成因及恢复措施.中国环境水力学.2004/08:275-283
[132]徐志侠等.基于生态系统分析的河道最小生态需水量计算方法研究(Ⅰ)[J].水利水电技术[J],200-4,12:15-18
[133]水利部关于印发水利风景区发展纲要的通知[R],水利部,2005,3
[134]水利部.水利风景区评价标准(SL 300-2004)[S].2004,8
[135]水利部.水利风景区管理办法(水综合[2004]143号)[S].2005,5
[136]王会战,田克勤.黄河小浪底风景区旅游开发的外部性及其内化探析[J].水利经济,2007,5:69-72
[137]台灣經濟部水利署.台灣地區水資源開發綱領計畫政策評估說明書.http://www.wra.gov.tw/
[138]苗得志等.水利风景区建设与管理十忌.水利发展研究,2007,6:58-60
[139]史明昌,李智广.新技术在我国水土保持中的应用.水土保持研究,2005,4:1-3
[140]尤伟等.实施科技兴水保战略提高水土流失治理开发水平.黑龙江水利科技,2006,3:103-104
[141]臺灣經濟部水資源局.環境舆水資源政策白皮書.臺灣中國時報網站,2009.3.http://forums.chinatimes.com.tw/report/newgov/paper/520-13.htm#b
[142]王如松.再生,共存,共生,自生:生态调控三原则与可持续发展[J].生态学杂志.1989.8:33-36
[143]王如松等.城市生态调控方法[M].气象出版社,2000,3:37
[144]谢晨岚等.景观生态调控:概念的提出与方法研究[J].生态经济.2005,11:34-26
[145]周宝华,徐志剑.生态之脉,朝阳之魂--温榆河生态走廊·朝阳段)规划方案[J]中国园林,2004,9:14-20
[146]Bas Pedroli and Bert Harms.Introduction[J].Landscape Ecology.2002,17(Suppl.1):1-3
[147]FISRWG(Federal Interagency Stream Restoration Working Group of U.S.A)Stream Restoration:Principles,Processes,and practices.NISR Working Group,Part 6-of National Engineering Handbook.USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service,Washington,DC.2001:25
[148]Sanjay Jeer,Megan Lewis,Stuart Meek,Jon Witten,Michelle Zimet.Nonpoint Source Pollution[M],PAS 476..1997:126
[149]Mitseh W J.Ecological Engineering[M].John Wiley & Sons Ltd.,1989
[150]ASCE.River Restoration Sub-committee on Urban Stream Restoration,Urban Stream Restoration[J],Journal of Hydraulic Engineering ASCE.2003,7:491-493
[151]Ahern,J.Greenways as a planning strategy[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,1995,10(33):131-155
[152]Baschak and Brown,An ecological framework for the planning design and management of urban greenways[J]landscape and urban planning,1995,10:211-225
[153]Wrenn,Douglas..Urban Waterfront Development.Washington,D.C.:Urban Land Institute.1983:
[154]G F(?)bos.Greenway Plan in the United States:it's origins and case studies.Landscape and Urban Planning,68(2004)321-342
[155]Breen,Ann & Rigby,Dick.Urban waterfront reviving cities,Architecture,85(3):63
[156]Torre,L.Azeo.Waterfront development.New York:Van Nostrand Reinhold.1989.
[157]Hobbs,Richard.Future landscapes and the future of landscape ecology[J].landscape and urban planning,June,1997:1-9
[158]Cook,Edward.A.1991.Rio Salado[J].Landscape Architecture,February 1991:42-43
[159]Pedroli Bas et al.Setting targets in strategies for river restoration[J].Landscape Ecology.2002,17(Suppl.1):5-18.
[160]Pedroli Bas,Hams.Introduction[J].Landscape Ecology.2002,17(Suppl.1):1-3
[161]Marsh William M.Landscape planning-environmental applications[J].New York:John Wiley and Sons.1997
[162]Elizabeth Hobbs.Using ordination to analyze the composition and structure of urban forest islands[J],Forest Ecology and Management,February 1988:139-158
[163]Pentendo.The river in the urban landscape Landscape:ecological principles for the design of riverfronts.[D]2004,6:3 3
[164]D(?)camps Henri.How a riparian landscape finds form and comes alive[J],landscape and Urban Planning,2001,12:169-175
[165]J.V.Ward et al.Landscape ecology:a framework for integrating pattern and process in river corridor[J].Landscape ecology.17(Supplement1),2002.:35-45
[166]Brian Holy.Global and local change on the port-city waterfront[J].Geographical Review,July,2000:395-417
[167]Julitte Kuiper.Landscape Quality base upon diversity,Coherence and Continuity Landscape planning at different planning-levers in the River areas of the Netherland[J].Landscape and Urban planning 43(1998)91-104
[168]Shoichiro Asakawa et.al.Perception of urban stream corridors within the greenway system of Sapporo,Japan[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2004,5:167 -182
[169]Donna L.Erickson.The relationship of historic city form and contemporary greenway implementation:a comparison of Milwaukee,Wisconsin(USA) and Ottawa,Ontario(Canada).Landscape and Urban Planning 68(2004) 199 - 221
[170]Hopfinger,T.Valley of Dreams[J].Milwaukee Magazine,1996,8.:32-38.
[171]Pete Melby et al.Regenerative Design Techniques[M].Wiley,John & Sons,Incorporated.May,2002:9-10
[172]John Tillman Lyle.Design for Human Ecosystems:Landscape,Land Use,and Natural Resources[M].Island Pr.1999,10:56
[173]Breen,Rigby.Designing your waterfront.Washington:National League of City,1994:63
[174]Manning Owen,Design imperatives for river landscape[J].Landscape Research 1997,1:67-94
[175]Jones,Andrew,1998.Issues in waterfront regeneration:more sobering thoughts- a UK perspective[J].Planning Practice and Research.1998,4:433-442
[176]Schuele.The Architecture of Urban Stream Buffers[J].Watershed Protection Techniques,no.4,1996.:155-163.
[177]Betsy Otto et al.Ecological riverfront design:Restoring Rivers,Connecting Communities [M].Washington,DC:American Planning Association,June 30,2004:32
[178]Lowrance R.Mcintyre S,Lance C,Erosion and deposition in a field/forest system estimated using cesium-137 activity [J].Journal of Soiland Water Conservation,1988(43):195-199
[179]Copper J R,Gilliam J W,Daniels R B,et al.Riparian areas as filters for agricultural sediment[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1987,51:416-420
[180]Weller DE Jordan TE,Correll DL.Heuristic models for material discharge from landscapes with riparian buffers[J].Ecological Applications,8(4),1998:1156-1169
[181]USDA Forest Service.1991.Riparian Forest Buffers.Report of USDA-FS,NA-PR-07-91
[182]Nlsson C,Berggren K.Alterations of riparian ecosystems caused by river regulation [J].Bio Science,2000,50(9):783-792
[183]Riley.Restoring Streams in Cities:A Guide for Planners,Policymakers,and Citizens.Washington,D.C.:Island Press.1998.:126
[184]Hartig,John H.et al.Promoting Soft Engineering along Detroit River Shorelines.[J].Landand Water,2001.12:24-27.
[185]James Sipes.A Soft Approach To Erosion Control[J].Landscape Architecture,1999,2:34-39
[186]Schueler.The Importance of lmpevno\isness.[3]Watershed Protection Techniques.1995,1(3):100-111
[187]Michael E.Dietza,John C.Clausen.Storaiwater runoff and export changes with development in a traditional and low impact subdivision [J],Journal of Environmental Management.87 (2008):560-566
[188]Betsy Otto et al.Ecological riverfront design:Restoring Rivers,Connecting Communities [M].Washington,DC:American Planning Association,June 30,2004:32
[189]Federal Interagency Stream Restoration Working Group (FISRWG).Corridor Restoration:Principles,Processes,and Practices,charpter 3:disturbance affecting stream Corridor [S].1998,10,revised 2001,8.adopted as part 635 of the national engineering handbook:23-24
[190]Anne Chin.Urban transformation of river landscapes in a global context[J].Geomorphology.79 (2006)460-487
[191]Federal Interagency Stream Restoration Working Group (FISRWG).Corridor Restoration:Principles,Processes,and Practices,charpter 8:restoration design[S].1998,10,revised 2001,8.adopted as part 635 of the national engineering handbook:13
[192]Mac Elroy,William P,Daniel Winterbottom.Stormwater Ponds.[S]Landscape Architecture,2000,4.:48-54
[193]Kent R.Hansen.Porous pavements move stormwater efficiently:alternative stormwater management systems are Earth-friendly and affordable[J],Public Works.2006,4:
[194]Public Works staff.Pervious pavement naturally absorbent A porous pavement primer[J].Public Works.2005,1:23-27
[195]Federal Interagency Stream Restoration Working Group (FISRWG).Corridor Restoration:Principles,Processes,and Practices,Chapter 2:Stream Corridor Processes,Characteristics,and Functions[S].1998,10,revised 2001,8.adopted as part 635 of the national engeering handbook:23
[196]Steve Mannheimer.A canal run through it:An elegent design for White River state Park reunites downtown Indianapolis to the riverfront it almost forgot.[J]Landscape Architecture,1998,6:75-83
[197]Paul H Gobster,Lynne M Westphal.The hunan dimensions of urban green way:Planning for recreation and relate experiences.[J]Landscape and Urban planning 68(2004)167-182
[198]Vannote et al.The river continuum concept[J].Canadian journal of Fisheries and aquatic science.Vol.37,1980:130-137
[199]Mike Johnson P E.San Antonio's River Improvements Project[J].Stormwater.2003,4:19-23
[200]Betsy Otto et al.Ecological riverfront design:Restoring Rivers,Connecting Communities [M].Washington,DC:American Planning Association,June 30,2004:32
[201]Gillette,Jane brown.A River Run though It.[J].Landscape Architecture,1998,4,74-81
[202]Mac Donald,L.An unexpensive,portable system for drilling into subsurface layers.Soil Science Society of America Journal.52(1988):1817-1819.
[203]Lee L.Weishar et al.Stream order analysis in marsh restoration on Delaware Bay.Ecological Engineering 25(2005) 252-259
[204]G.Mathias Kondolf and Elisabeth R.Michel.Evaluating Stream Restoration Projects[J].Environmental Management,Vol.19,No.1,pp.1-15
[205]Frissell,C.A.,R.K.Nawa.incidence and causes of physical failure of artificial habitat structures in streams of Western oregon and Washington[J]North American Journal of Fisheries Management,1992,12:182-197.
[206]Schueler T,Brown K.Urban subwatershed Restoration Manual No.4:Urban Stream Repair Practices(V1.0)[R].EllicottCity,MD:CenterforWatershedProtection,2004:3-4
[207]US ACE(US Army Corps of Engineers).1990b.Wildcat and San Fablo Creeks,Contra Costa County,California,Reach 1 operation and maintenance manual.
[208]T Schueler.Invisibility of Stream and Wetland Buffers In the Field[J].Watershed Protection Techniques.1994,1(1):19-21
[209]the U.S.Army Corps of Engineers and Hargreaves Associates.Cumberland River Waterfront Redevelopment MasterPlan,2007.http://www.civicdesigncenter.org/riverfront.html,2007,11/2008/7
[210]U.S.A Stormwater Manager' s Resource Center.2008."Buffers".http://www.storm watercenter.net/Model%20Ordinances/Buffers.htm
[211]U.S.EPA "Streambank Modification Successful in Utah." 2007,5,29.http://www.epa,gov/OWOW/NPS/Success319/UT.html.
[212]Thomas G.Franti,Bioengineering for hillslope,streambank and lakeshore erosion control.Cooperative Extension,University of Nebraska,Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources,1996,revised 9,2006:index:soil Resource mangement conservantion http://www.ianrpubs.unl.edu/epublic/live/g1307/build/g1307.pdf
[213]Wallace Roberts & Todd,LLC.Anacostia River park target area plan & riverwalk design guidelines[R].2003,9http://www.planning.dc.gov/planning/lib/planning/project/anacostia%5 Fwaterfront/RiverParksPlan
[214]Thompson Design Group,Inc./Eco PLAN,Buffalo Bayou and Beyond Report:Visions,Strategies,Actions for the 21 st Century[R].p//:www.buffalobayou.org/2002,8
[215]U.S.Army Corps of Engineers & Hargreaves Associates.trinityriver corridor mast plan-floodprotect,2005.http://www.trinityrivercorridor.org/pdf/vision_plan /FoldedInsert3.pdf
[216]Sasaki Associates.City of Charleston West Virginia Virginia Riverfront Master Plan2005[R].http://www.cityofcharleston.org/riverfront/charleston_analysis-072805.pdf,2005,3
[217]IFLA(International Federation of Landscape Architects).IFLA-UNESCO Charter for Landscape Architectural Education[R],.2005,8http://www.iflaonline.org/education/ifla_uesco_ed.pdf
[218]City of Portland Bureau of Environmental Services.Stormwater design award competition in 1996 and 1997:Winning projects[R]1998,7.http://www.oregonmetro.gov/files/planning/storm_design_7_06_b.pdf
[219]SWA design group,External Communications of San Antonio River Authority.San Antonio River improvement project design guidelines:concept design"[R].July 2001:8
[220]首尔市政府造景科。清溪川复原设计,2002,6
[221]柏涛设计集团、郑州市规划局.郑州市西流湖公园规划[R].2007,6
[222]郑州市水利局、郑州市事市政局,郑州市城市水系规划[R],2007,6
[223]易道设计集团、宁波市规划局.宁波新城规划设计方案[R]2008,5
[224]绍兴市建设局,绍兴市越州新城规划.2008,4
[225]安阳市规划局,安阳市城市总体规划、安阳市城市绿地系统规划.2008,4
[226]河北省建设厅,石家庄市水文资料[R].2008,5
[227]Seoul Metropolitan Government Cheonggyecheon Restoration Project Head -quarters[R].Cheonggyecheon Restoration.2003,4
[228]首尔市政府.首尔市公园情况[R].2002,1(韩文)
[229]首尔市政府.首尔市公园情况[R].2006,1(韩文)
[2]刘滨谊.石家庄滹沱河生态规划启示[J].中国园林.66.69
[3]梁瑞驹.环境水文学[M].1998.中国水利水电出版社:51-52
[4]金元欢.城市水景的生态设计与综合治理--nars营造清澈秀美的原生态水景系统[M].水利水电出版社.2006:195
[5]岳隽等.城市河流的景观生态学研究:概念框架[M].2006,06.Vol.25.No.6:1422-1429
[6]邬建国.景观生态学--格局、过程、尺度与等级[M].高等教育出版社,2000.30-31.
[7]王欣英.基于实证的城市内河综合治理方法研究[J].中国科技信息.2007,14:191-192
[8]唐丽虹.城市内河综合整治对策与措施.中国市政工程[J].2006.8:55-56
[9]王沛芳等.城市河流生态系统建设模式研究及应用[J].河海大学学报,2005,1:68-71
[10]王超,王沛芳.城市水生态系统建设与管理[M].科学出版社,2005,10:36
[11][美]Lewis Murnford著,宋峻领等译.城市发展史:起源、演变和前景[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2005:146
[12]仇保兴.风景区和城市水系统的差别性、治理误区和对策[J].风景园林,2006,3:20-27
[13]周乃晟.城市水文学概论[M].华东师范大学出版社.1995:30
[14][英]M.J.藿尔著,詹道江等译.[M]城市水文学.河海大学出版社,1989,9.:23
[15]浅谈广州市绿色景观系统的构建[J].魅力中国.2008,2:184-185
[16]王绍增等.城市开敞空间的生态机理研究[J].中国园林.2001,4:5-9
[17]吴雅萍等.城市中心区滨水空间形态设计模式探讨[J].规划师.2002,12:21-25
[18]李洪远.对区域性生态园林建设的认识与思考[J].中国园林,2002,6:19-21
[19]建设部国家标准.城市绿地分类标准(CJJIT85-2002)[S].2002,9
[20]董哲仁,河流治理生态工程学的发展沿革与趋势[J].生态水工学探索[C].中国水利水电出版社,2007,3:49
[21]董哲仁.美国基西米河生态恢复工程的启示.水利水电技术,2004,09:8-12
[22]刘滨谊,余畅.美国绿道网络规划的发展与启示[M].中国园林.2001,6:77-81
[23]谭少华,赵万民.绿道规划研究进展与展望[M].中国园林.2007,2:85-89
[24]叶明.从DOWNTOWN到CBD--美国城市中心的演变[J].城市规划汇刊,1999,1:61-64
[25]刘滨谊,城市滨水区发展的景观化思路与实践,建筑学报,2007,7:14-11
[26]建设部.城市蓝线管理办法(建设部令第145)[S].2006,1
[27]邬建国,景观生态学--格局、过程、尺度与等级,高等教育出版社.2000.:2
[28]陈波,包志毅.土地利用的优化格局--Forman教授的景观规划思想[J].规划师,2004,7:66-67
[29]徐化成.景观生态学[M].1996.北京:中国林业出版社:80
[30]桑卫国等.片断化生境的特点及对生态系统过程的影响[J].见陈宣俞主编.生物多样性与人类未来[M],1998:309-314
[31]傅伯杰等.景观生态学原理及应用[M]北京:科学出版社2001:23-25
[32]孙东亚等.流域尺度的河流生态修复.水利水电技术.2005,5:11-14
[33]李团胜,王萍.绿道及其生态意义[J].生态学杂志,2001(20)6:59-61
[34]宋永昌,由文辉,王祥荣.城市生态学.华东师范大学出版社2000,10:286
[35]Good D A.英国的城市自然保护.生态学报,1990,3:96-108
[36]杨小波,吴庆书.城市生态学,科学出版社.2000,8:208-209
[37]阎水玉,王祥荣.城市河流在城市生态建设中的意义和应用方法.城市环境与城市生态,1999,12:36-38
[38]Amedcan Society of Landscape Architecture.宋艺译ALSA,1993.”ASLA Declaration on Environment and Development,"1993,10.城市环境设计,2007,1:13-15
[39]周大川.我国古代水利工程景观.水利天地,2003,9:38
[40]黄富厢.滨水区城市设计国际学术交流--规划开发案例[一].上海城市规划,2002,1:28-29
[41]钱欣.城市滨水区设计控制要素体系研究.中国园林,2004,11:28-33
[42]张翠蓁,姚亦峰.滨水景观设计及其历史文化承载再现的研究--南京外秦淮河规划.中国园林,2004,3:24-27
[43]董哲仁.河流生态恢复的目标[J].中国水利.2004,10:6-9
[44]郑钢,彭琪.永宁江城区生态环境综合治理示范工程--黄岩永宁公园工程建设漫谈[J].技术与市场(园林工程),2005.8:20-23
[45]俞孔坚等.河流再生设计--浙江永宁公园生态设计[J].中国园林,2005,5:1-7
[46]张素娟等.汤河公园植物景观多样性评价及生态效益分析[J].安徽农业科学.2008,36(13):5436-5437,544
[47]北京土人景观与建筑规划设计研究院和北京大学景观设计学院.绿荫里的红飘带--秦皇岛汤河公园[J],风景园林,52-54
[48]王颖等.试析秦皇岛市汤河带状公园二期工程--红飘带设计的生态理念[J].中国环境管理干部学院学报,2008,6:18-20
[49]俞孔坚等.最少干预--绿林中的红飘带秦皇岛汤和公园设计[J].城市环境设计2007,1:18-27
[50]董哲仁等.河流生态修复理论技术及其应用[J].水利水电技术.2009,1:4-6
[51]陈伟.城市经营中的滨水区开发与经营[J].规划师,2004,8:10-12
[52]赵峰等.还自然真实面目--山东昌邑潍河滨河公园设计[J].中国园林,2005,12:45-48
[53]朱琳.龚清宇.海河下游塘沽段生态堤岸设计导则[J].城市环境与城市生态.2005,2:10-13
[54]龚清宇等.基于城市河流半自然化的生态防洪对策.城市规划.2003,3:51-63
[55]束晨阳.城市河道景观设计模式探析[J].中国园林.1999,1.8-11
[56]刘英彩,张力.干旱河道的生态环境修复模式探索--以滹沱河(石家庄段)生态环境综合治理研究为例[J].规划师.20057:59-64
[57]黄河水利设计院,郑州市水利规划设计院.郑州市水系规划[R].2008,5:156
[58]龚清宇等.下莱茵流域河道半自然化--生态防洪与雨水管理案例[J].现代城市研究,2006,1-1.P32-40
[59]饶良懿.河岸植被缓冲带生态水文功能研究进展.中国水土保持科学,2008,86(4):121-128
[60]William M.Marsh.朱强等译.景观规划的环境学途径.中国建筑工业出版社.2006,12:212
[61]朱强等.景观规划中的生态廊道宽度[J].生态学报,2005,(9):2406-2412
[62]俞孔坚,刘海龙等.“反规划”途径[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2005,9:20
[63]张庭伟.城市滨水区设计与开发.同济大学出版社,2002,3:183-186
[64]林振洋等.生态公法技术参考手册(初稿)[M].台北:明文出版社,2004,10:12-8
[65]William M.Marsh.朱强等译.景观规划的环境学途径.中国建筑工业出版社.2006,12:212
[66]颜文兵等.河岸植被缓冲带规划及重建研究[J].西南林学院学报,2008,2:57-60
[67]王红涛等.生态理念的本土化表达--以温榆河生态走廊为案例[J].中国园林[J].2004.9:1-6
[68]俞孔坚等.城市滨水区多目标设计途径探索--浙江省慈溪市三灶江滨河景观设计[J].中国园林,2004,5:28-32
[69]林振洋,邱逸文等.生态工法概论[M].台北:明文书局股份有限公司出版,2003.8:56-57
[70]夏季红等.国内外城市河道生态型护岸研究现状及发展趋势[J].中国水土保持.2004,3:20-21
[71]贾乃谦.明代名臣刘天和的“植柳六法”[J].农业考古,2002,3:215-218
[72]刘滨谊,周江.论景观水系整治中的护岸规划设计[J].中国园林,2004,3:49-52
[73]温全平.城市河流堤岸生态设计模式探析.中国园林,2003,6:19-23
[74]左华.桂林环城水系整治及生态修复--生态护岸工程.桂林工学院学报,2005,10:437-441
[75]张谊.论城市水景的生态驳岸处理.中国园林,2003,1:52-54
[76]董哲仁,孙东亚.生态水利工程原理与技术[M].水利水电出版社,2007,3
[77]陈建耀.城市水文学研究进展--东南亚地区城市水文学学术研讨会综述[J].水文科技信息.1997,1:1-5
[78]姆斯.G.特鲁洛夫,周文正译.马里奥.谢赫楠[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2002.:1
[79]刘滨谊.城市滨水区发展的景观化思路与实践.建筑学报.2007,7:11-14
[80]哈里.迪尔.绿色革命--访SWA集团总裁凯文.珊立[J].风景园林.2006,03:8-16
[81]车武等.对城市雨水地下回灌的分析[J].城市环境与城市生态.2001.8:28-30
[82]Nicholas Dines and Kyle Brown,刘玉杰等译.景观设计师便携手册.中国建筑工业出版社,2002:209-234
[83]游孟陶,徐竞成.城市公共建筑雨水利用技术分析与探讨[J].中国环保产业.2004,7:34-36
[84]王紫雯,张向荣.新型雨水排放系统--健全城市水文生态系统的新领域[J].给水排水[J],2007,3:17-20
[85]Hans H Kienle.黄菲雯译.雨水与城市[J].北京规划建设.149-157
[86]周大鹏,宋云等.合流制污水排水系统截流倍数分析.安徽建筑工业学院学报.2005.10:88-90
[87]仇保兴.风景区和城市水系统的差别性、治理误区和对策[J].风景园林,2006,3:20-27
[88]汪霞,曾坚.城市人工湿地的营建[J].建筑学报,2005,8:46-49
[89]陈明利等.人工湿地去污机理研究进展[J].中南林学院学报,2006,6:123-127
[90]白晓慧等.人工湿地系统的构建原理及应用[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,1999,12:88-92
[91]刘国等.人工湿地处理污水技术及其在吉林省西部应用的可行性研究[J].地球科学进展.2004,1:206-210
[92]黄时达.成都市活水公园人工湿地系统10年运行回顾[J].四川环境.2008,3:66-70
[93]翟兴无.永定河滞洪水库工程设计[J].水利水电工程设计.2002,3:13-15
[94]水利部.中华人民共和国河道管理条例[S].1988
[95]孙东亚,董哲仁.关于堤防工程规范中增加生态技术内容的建议[J].水利水电技术.2005,3:4-8
[96]理查德·马歇尔,沙永杰译.中国建筑工业出版社[M]美国城市设计案例2004,3:58-61
[97]董哲仁.生态水利工程原理与技术[M].中国水利水电出版社,2007,3:289
[98]陈跃中.昆玉河生态水景走廊景观规划设计.中国园林[J].2005,10:33-40
[99]吴成照.西欧城市游憩规划的历史--理论和方法.城市规划汇刊[J].1995,4:22-33
[100]理查德·马歇尔,沙永杰译.中国建筑工业出版社[M].美国城设计案例.2004.1:58-61
[101]吴雅萍,高峻.城市中心区滨水空间形态设计模式探讨.[J]2002.12:21-25
[102]方庆,卜菁华.城市滨水区游憩空间设计研究.规划师[J,2003,9:46-49
[103]张庭伟.城市滨水区设计与开发.同济大学出版社,2002,3:176
[104]朱晨东.当代多自然型城市河流的设计与实践.水生态与水环境[J].2005,2.23-25
[105]刘成.可防卫空间理论与犯罪防预性环境设计.华中科技大学学报(城市科学版).2004,4:88-91
[106]由文汇等.滨岸缓冲带在河道生态修复中的应用研究.环境科学技术,2008,4:116-122
[107]吴国玺,朱俊阁.基于可持续发展的城市生态调控与绿化配置研究--以郑州市为例.生态经济.2001,9:149-151
[108]董哲仁,孙东亚。生态水利工程原理与技术[J].水利水电出版社,2007,3:198
[109]]左华.桂林环城水系整治及生态修复--城市水利工程[J].桂林工学院学报,2006,1:13-17
[110]汪霞.城市理水[D].天津大学建筑学院.2006,6:153
[111]城市风貌保护经验的借鉴与启示.杨华文,蔡晓丰.国外城市规划,2005.6:62-64
[112]张维亚.城市历史地段文化遗产研究综述.东南大学学报.2007,12:162-165
[113]阮仪三,孙萌.我国历史街区保护与规划的若干问题[J]城市规划.2001,5:25-32
[114]于一帆.巴黎市区的塞纳河滨水空间整治与利用.国外城市规划.2004,5:85-87
[115]潘谷西.中国古代建筑史(卷4)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版,2001
[116]梁波.日本产业遗产研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报.2008,3:9-17
[117]沈磊等.宁波太丰面粉厂改造竞赛[J].建筑学报.2006,8:31-24
[118]张旻等.地域特征在城市公园设计中的实证研究[J].天津城市建设学院学报.2007,6:88-96
[119]庄岳.中国古典园林创作的解释学传统[J].中国园林,2005(5):71-75
[120]刘滨谊等.人类聚居环境学理论为指导的城郊景观生态整治规划探析--以滹沱河石家庄市区段生态整治规划为例[J].中国园林,2003,2:30-34
[121]李双武.国外河流治理比较研究[J].河海水利.2007,6:66-68
[122]杨志峰.生态环境需水量理论、方法与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.3,20-50.
[123]Megan Dyson,Ger Bergkamp,John Scanlo.张国芳,孙凤,孙扬波,等译.环境流量[M].黄河水利出版社,2006.
[124]樊自立.塔里木河流域资源环境及可持续发展[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.5-10
[125]徐志侠等.基于生态系统分析的河道最小生态需水量计算方法研究(Ⅱ)[J].水利水电技术[J],2005,1:31-34
[126]冯平等.地下水生态需水量的估算方法及其恢复问题的研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2006,11:101-106
[127]卢中原等.我国城市供水现状问题[J].经济研究参考,2008,25:8-14
[128]马洪涛等.城市水生生态系统最小生态需水量--以北京为例.清华大学学报,2007,47(3):352-360
[129]王怀韧.郑州市水资源对策[J].中国水利.2001,5:65
[130]杨蕾等.郑州市水资源系统中若干问题的探讨.河南科学,2003,4:236-238
[131]李瑞森等.沧州市水环境恶化的成因及恢复措施.中国环境水力学.2004/08:275-283
[132]徐志侠等.基于生态系统分析的河道最小生态需水量计算方法研究(Ⅰ)[J].水利水电技术[J],200-4,12:15-18
[133]水利部关于印发水利风景区发展纲要的通知[R],水利部,2005,3
[134]水利部.水利风景区评价标准(SL 300-2004)[S].2004,8
[135]水利部.水利风景区管理办法(水综合[2004]143号)[S].2005,5
[136]王会战,田克勤.黄河小浪底风景区旅游开发的外部性及其内化探析[J].水利经济,2007,5:69-72
[137]台灣經濟部水利署.台灣地區水資源開發綱領計畫政策評估說明書.http://www.wra.gov.tw/
[138]苗得志等.水利风景区建设与管理十忌.水利发展研究,2007,6:58-60
[139]史明昌,李智广.新技术在我国水土保持中的应用.水土保持研究,2005,4:1-3
[140]尤伟等.实施科技兴水保战略提高水土流失治理开发水平.黑龙江水利科技,2006,3:103-104
[141]臺灣經濟部水資源局.環境舆水資源政策白皮書.臺灣中國時報網站,2009.3.http://forums.chinatimes.com.tw/report/newgov/paper/520-13.htm#b
[142]王如松.再生,共存,共生,自生:生态调控三原则与可持续发展[J].生态学杂志.1989.8:33-36
[143]王如松等.城市生态调控方法[M].气象出版社,2000,3:37
[144]谢晨岚等.景观生态调控:概念的提出与方法研究[J].生态经济.2005,11:34-26
[145]周宝华,徐志剑.生态之脉,朝阳之魂--温榆河生态走廊·朝阳段)规划方案[J]中国园林,2004,9:14-20
[146]Bas Pedroli and Bert Harms.Introduction[J].Landscape Ecology.2002,17(Suppl.1):1-3
[147]FISRWG(Federal Interagency Stream Restoration Working Group of U.S.A)Stream Restoration:Principles,Processes,and practices.NISR Working Group,Part 6-of National Engineering Handbook.USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service,Washington,DC.2001:25
[148]Sanjay Jeer,Megan Lewis,Stuart Meek,Jon Witten,Michelle Zimet.Nonpoint Source Pollution[M],PAS 476..1997:126
[149]Mitseh W J.Ecological Engineering[M].John Wiley & Sons Ltd.,1989
[150]ASCE.River Restoration Sub-committee on Urban Stream Restoration,Urban Stream Restoration[J],Journal of Hydraulic Engineering ASCE.2003,7:491-493
[151]Ahern,J.Greenways as a planning strategy[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,1995,10(33):131-155
[152]Baschak and Brown,An ecological framework for the planning design and management of urban greenways[J]landscape and urban planning,1995,10:211-225
[153]Wrenn,Douglas..Urban Waterfront Development.Washington,D.C.:Urban Land Institute.1983:
[154]G F(?)bos.Greenway Plan in the United States:it's origins and case studies.Landscape and Urban Planning,68(2004)321-342
[155]Breen,Ann & Rigby,Dick.Urban waterfront reviving cities,Architecture,85(3):63
[156]Torre,L.Azeo.Waterfront development.New York:Van Nostrand Reinhold.1989.
[157]Hobbs,Richard.Future landscapes and the future of landscape ecology[J].landscape and urban planning,June,1997:1-9
[158]Cook,Edward.A.1991.Rio Salado[J].Landscape Architecture,February 1991:42-43
[159]Pedroli Bas et al.Setting targets in strategies for river restoration[J].Landscape Ecology.2002,17(Suppl.1):5-18.
[160]Pedroli Bas,Hams.Introduction[J].Landscape Ecology.2002,17(Suppl.1):1-3
[161]Marsh William M.Landscape planning-environmental applications[J].New York:John Wiley and Sons.1997
[162]Elizabeth Hobbs.Using ordination to analyze the composition and structure of urban forest islands[J],Forest Ecology and Management,February 1988:139-158
[163]Pentendo.The river in the urban landscape Landscape:ecological principles for the design of riverfronts.[D]2004,6:3 3
[164]D(?)camps Henri.How a riparian landscape finds form and comes alive[J],landscape and Urban Planning,2001,12:169-175
[165]J.V.Ward et al.Landscape ecology:a framework for integrating pattern and process in river corridor[J].Landscape ecology.17(Supplement1),2002.:35-45
[166]Brian Holy.Global and local change on the port-city waterfront[J].Geographical Review,July,2000:395-417
[167]Julitte Kuiper.Landscape Quality base upon diversity,Coherence and Continuity Landscape planning at different planning-levers in the River areas of the Netherland[J].Landscape and Urban planning 43(1998)91-104
[168]Shoichiro Asakawa et.al.Perception of urban stream corridors within the greenway system of Sapporo,Japan[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2004,5:167 -182
[169]Donna L.Erickson.The relationship of historic city form and contemporary greenway implementation:a comparison of Milwaukee,Wisconsin(USA) and Ottawa,Ontario(Canada).Landscape and Urban Planning 68(2004) 199 - 221
[170]Hopfinger,T.Valley of Dreams[J].Milwaukee Magazine,1996,8.:32-38.
[171]Pete Melby et al.Regenerative Design Techniques[M].Wiley,John & Sons,Incorporated.May,2002:9-10
[172]John Tillman Lyle.Design for Human Ecosystems:Landscape,Land Use,and Natural Resources[M].Island Pr.1999,10:56
[173]Breen,Rigby.Designing your waterfront.Washington:National League of City,1994:63
[174]Manning Owen,Design imperatives for river landscape[J].Landscape Research 1997,1:67-94
[175]Jones,Andrew,1998.Issues in waterfront regeneration:more sobering thoughts- a UK perspective[J].Planning Practice and Research.1998,4:433-442
[176]Schuele.The Architecture of Urban Stream Buffers[J].Watershed Protection Techniques,no.4,1996.:155-163.
[177]Betsy Otto et al.Ecological riverfront design:Restoring Rivers,Connecting Communities [M].Washington,DC:American Planning Association,June 30,2004:32
[178]Lowrance R.Mcintyre S,Lance C,Erosion and deposition in a field/forest system estimated using cesium-137 activity [J].Journal of Soiland Water Conservation,1988(43):195-199
[179]Copper J R,Gilliam J W,Daniels R B,et al.Riparian areas as filters for agricultural sediment[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1987,51:416-420
[180]Weller DE Jordan TE,Correll DL.Heuristic models for material discharge from landscapes with riparian buffers[J].Ecological Applications,8(4),1998:1156-1169
[181]USDA Forest Service.1991.Riparian Forest Buffers.Report of USDA-FS,NA-PR-07-91
[182]Nlsson C,Berggren K.Alterations of riparian ecosystems caused by river regulation [J].Bio Science,2000,50(9):783-792
[183]Riley.Restoring Streams in Cities:A Guide for Planners,Policymakers,and Citizens.Washington,D.C.:Island Press.1998.:126
[184]Hartig,John H.et al.Promoting Soft Engineering along Detroit River Shorelines.[J].Landand Water,2001.12:24-27.
[185]James Sipes.A Soft Approach To Erosion Control[J].Landscape Architecture,1999,2:34-39
[186]Schueler.The Importance of lmpevno\isness.[3]Watershed Protection Techniques.1995,1(3):100-111
[187]Michael E.Dietza,John C.Clausen.Storaiwater runoff and export changes with development in a traditional and low impact subdivision [J],Journal of Environmental Management.87 (2008):560-566
[188]Betsy Otto et al.Ecological riverfront design:Restoring Rivers,Connecting Communities [M].Washington,DC:American Planning Association,June 30,2004:32
[189]Federal Interagency Stream Restoration Working Group (FISRWG).Corridor Restoration:Principles,Processes,and Practices,charpter 3:disturbance affecting stream Corridor [S].1998,10,revised 2001,8.adopted as part 635 of the national engineering handbook:23-24
[190]Anne Chin.Urban transformation of river landscapes in a global context[J].Geomorphology.79 (2006)460-487
[191]Federal Interagency Stream Restoration Working Group (FISRWG).Corridor Restoration:Principles,Processes,and Practices,charpter 8:restoration design[S].1998,10,revised 2001,8.adopted as part 635 of the national engineering handbook:13
[192]Mac Elroy,William P,Daniel Winterbottom.Stormwater Ponds.[S]Landscape Architecture,2000,4.:48-54
[193]Kent R.Hansen.Porous pavements move stormwater efficiently:alternative stormwater management systems are Earth-friendly and affordable[J],Public Works.2006,4:
[194]Public Works staff.Pervious pavement naturally absorbent A porous pavement primer[J].Public Works.2005,1:23-27
[195]Federal Interagency Stream Restoration Working Group (FISRWG).Corridor Restoration:Principles,Processes,and Practices,Chapter 2:Stream Corridor Processes,Characteristics,and Functions[S].1998,10,revised 2001,8.adopted as part 635 of the national engeering handbook:23
[196]Steve Mannheimer.A canal run through it:An elegent design for White River state Park reunites downtown Indianapolis to the riverfront it almost forgot.[J]Landscape Architecture,1998,6:75-83
[197]Paul H Gobster,Lynne M Westphal.The hunan dimensions of urban green way:Planning for recreation and relate experiences.[J]Landscape and Urban planning 68(2004)167-182
[198]Vannote et al.The river continuum concept[J].Canadian journal of Fisheries and aquatic science.Vol.37,1980:130-137
[199]Mike Johnson P E.San Antonio's River Improvements Project[J].Stormwater.2003,4:19-23
[200]Betsy Otto et al.Ecological riverfront design:Restoring Rivers,Connecting Communities [M].Washington,DC:American Planning Association,June 30,2004:32
[201]Gillette,Jane brown.A River Run though It.[J].Landscape Architecture,1998,4,74-81
[202]Mac Donald,L.An unexpensive,portable system for drilling into subsurface layers.Soil Science Society of America Journal.52(1988):1817-1819.
[203]Lee L.Weishar et al.Stream order analysis in marsh restoration on Delaware Bay.Ecological Engineering 25(2005) 252-259
[204]G.Mathias Kondolf and Elisabeth R.Michel.Evaluating Stream Restoration Projects[J].Environmental Management,Vol.19,No.1,pp.1-15
[205]Frissell,C.A.,R.K.Nawa.incidence and causes of physical failure of artificial habitat structures in streams of Western oregon and Washington[J]North American Journal of Fisheries Management,1992,12:182-197.
[206]Schueler T,Brown K.Urban subwatershed Restoration Manual No.4:Urban Stream Repair Practices(V1.0)[R].EllicottCity,MD:CenterforWatershedProtection,2004:3-4
[207]US ACE(US Army Corps of Engineers).1990b.Wildcat and San Fablo Creeks,Contra Costa County,California,Reach 1 operation and maintenance manual.
[208]T Schueler.Invisibility of Stream and Wetland Buffers In the Field[J].Watershed Protection Techniques.1994,1(1):19-21
[209]the U.S.Army Corps of Engineers and Hargreaves Associates.Cumberland River Waterfront Redevelopment MasterPlan,2007.http://www.civicdesigncenter.org/riverfront.html,2007,11/2008/7
[210]U.S.A Stormwater Manager' s Resource Center.2008."Buffers".http://www.storm watercenter.net/Model%20Ordinances/Buffers.htm
[211]U.S.EPA "Streambank Modification Successful in Utah." 2007,5,29.http://www.epa,gov/OWOW/NPS/Success319/UT.html.
[212]Thomas G.Franti,Bioengineering for hillslope,streambank and lakeshore erosion control.Cooperative Extension,University of Nebraska,Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources,1996,revised 9,2006:index:soil Resource mangement conservantion http://www.ianrpubs.unl.edu/epublic/live/g1307/build/g1307.pdf
[213]Wallace Roberts & Todd,LLC.Anacostia River park target area plan & riverwalk design guidelines[R].2003,9http://www.planning.dc.gov/planning/lib/planning/project/anacostia%5 Fwaterfront/RiverParksPlan
[214]Thompson Design Group,Inc./Eco PLAN,Buffalo Bayou and Beyond Report:Visions,Strategies,Actions for the 21 st Century[R].p//:www.buffalobayou.org/2002,8
[215]U.S.Army Corps of Engineers & Hargreaves Associates.trinityriver corridor mast plan-floodprotect,2005.http://www.trinityrivercorridor.org/pdf/vision_plan /FoldedInsert3.pdf
[216]Sasaki Associates.City of Charleston West Virginia Virginia Riverfront Master Plan2005[R].http://www.cityofcharleston.org/riverfront/charleston_analysis-072805.pdf,2005,3
[217]IFLA(International Federation of Landscape Architects).IFLA-UNESCO Charter for Landscape Architectural Education[R],.2005,8http://www.iflaonline.org/education/ifla_uesco_ed.pdf
[218]City of Portland Bureau of Environmental Services.Stormwater design award competition in 1996 and 1997:Winning projects[R]1998,7.http://www.oregonmetro.gov/files/planning/storm_design_7_06_b.pdf
[219]SWA design group,External Communications of San Antonio River Authority.San Antonio River improvement project design guidelines:concept design"[R].July 2001:8
[220]首尔市政府造景科。清溪川复原设计,2002,6
[221]柏涛设计集团、郑州市规划局.郑州市西流湖公园规划[R].2007,6
[222]郑州市水利局、郑州市事市政局,郑州市城市水系规划[R],2007,6
[223]易道设计集团、宁波市规划局.宁波新城规划设计方案[R]2008,5
[224]绍兴市建设局,绍兴市越州新城规划.2008,4
[225]安阳市规划局,安阳市城市总体规划、安阳市城市绿地系统规划.2008,4
[226]河北省建设厅,石家庄市水文资料[R].2008,5
[227]Seoul Metropolitan Government Cheonggyecheon Restoration Project Head -quarters[R].Cheonggyecheon Restoration.2003,4
[228]首尔市政府.首尔市公园情况[R].2002,1(韩文)
[229]首尔市政府.首尔市公园情况[R].2006,1(韩文)