城市轨道交通再生制动实验系统设计与仿真
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摘要
为了适应各级城市轨道交通行业的快速发展和技术进步,中国对城市轨道交通进行了大量的探索和努力,同时不断需要各省市的高校对此类人才的专门培养。为了满足市场需求,培养更多的城市轨道交通供电优秀人才,建立城市轨道交通供电实验室是十分必要的。本文在对城市轨道交通再生制动的研究基础上,设计了立足于教学和科研前期实验的再生制动实验平台,是城市轨道交通供电实验室的重要组成部分。
城市轨道交通再生能量处理方式主要有能耗型,能馈型和储能型。本文重点介绍了超级电容储能型和逆变回馈并网型再生能量处理方式的原理,主要硬件构成和所采用的控制方法。本文以1500V直流供电系统为基础,设计了按比例缩小的实用于实验室的小功率实验平台。
本文从实验平台构成整体入手,将实验平台模块化,再分别对各个子模块进行主电路设讦。实验平台主要由牵引变电所模块、负载模块、逆变回馈模块和超级电容储能模块构成。其中,文中对超级电容储能模块和逆变回馈模块的设计进行了仿真验证。在实验平台的设计基础之上,做了初步实验设讦,并提出一些新的实验设想。
同时,为了提高教学实验的效率和降低实验室建设的成本,本文设计了虚拟城市轨道交通仿真实验平台。虚拟实验平台以Matlab为平台,对城市轨道交通1500V系统进行Simulink仿真建模,并借用界面设计工具GUI设计了方便快捷的人机实验界面。最后,本文以“超级电容储能型再生制动仿真实验系统”为媒介对虚拟实验平台进行了介绍和实验操作说明,凸显了虚拟实验平台在教学和实验中的优势。
With the purpose of adapting to the rapid development and technological progress of the city in the transportation sector, China have been doing amount of efforts and exploration in urban rail transit, requiring provinces and cities to train such specialized personnel in colleges and universities as well. As for training qualified personnel in urban rail transit to meet the market requirement, establishing urban rail transit power supply lab comes to be a necessary. Based on the study of urban rail transit regenerative braking, the regenerative braking experiment platform for teaching and preliminary experiment of scientific research is designed in this paper, which plays a important role in urban rail transit power supply lab.
Energy consumption, energy feedback and energy storage are the main approaches to manage the regenerative energy. This article mainly introduces the super capacitor energy storage type and inverter feedback interconnection type, including their hardware structure and control methods. On this basis, a experimental platform suitable for small power situation is designed, this platform is in proportion to the real system.
This article goes at the whole form of the experiment platform, and puts it into modular parts and designs the main circuit of each children part separately. Experimental platform is mainly composed of traction substation module, load module, inverter feedback module and super capacitor energy storage module. And then, this paper makes a preliminary design of experiments based on the experimental platform design, and puts forward some new ideas in experiments.
At last, a virtual simulation platform of urban rail transit is designed so as to improve the teaching efficiency and reduce the cost of the laboratory construction. The model established on the Matlab platform bases on1500V urban rail transit DC power supply. The convenient and quick man-machine interface is designed by GUI. The advantages of the virtual experiment platform in the teaching and experiments are highlighted by introducing the Super Capacitor Energy Storage Type Regenerative Braking Simulation Experimental System.
城市轨道交通再生能量处理方式主要有能耗型,能馈型和储能型。本文重点介绍了超级电容储能型和逆变回馈并网型再生能量处理方式的原理,主要硬件构成和所采用的控制方法。本文以1500V直流供电系统为基础,设计了按比例缩小的实用于实验室的小功率实验平台。
本文从实验平台构成整体入手,将实验平台模块化,再分别对各个子模块进行主电路设讦。实验平台主要由牵引变电所模块、负载模块、逆变回馈模块和超级电容储能模块构成。其中,文中对超级电容储能模块和逆变回馈模块的设计进行了仿真验证。在实验平台的设计基础之上,做了初步实验设讦,并提出一些新的实验设想。
同时,为了提高教学实验的效率和降低实验室建设的成本,本文设计了虚拟城市轨道交通仿真实验平台。虚拟实验平台以Matlab为平台,对城市轨道交通1500V系统进行Simulink仿真建模,并借用界面设计工具GUI设计了方便快捷的人机实验界面。最后,本文以“超级电容储能型再生制动仿真实验系统”为媒介对虚拟实验平台进行了介绍和实验操作说明,凸显了虚拟实验平台在教学和实验中的优势。
With the purpose of adapting to the rapid development and technological progress of the city in the transportation sector, China have been doing amount of efforts and exploration in urban rail transit, requiring provinces and cities to train such specialized personnel in colleges and universities as well. As for training qualified personnel in urban rail transit to meet the market requirement, establishing urban rail transit power supply lab comes to be a necessary. Based on the study of urban rail transit regenerative braking, the regenerative braking experiment platform for teaching and preliminary experiment of scientific research is designed in this paper, which plays a important role in urban rail transit power supply lab.
Energy consumption, energy feedback and energy storage are the main approaches to manage the regenerative energy. This article mainly introduces the super capacitor energy storage type and inverter feedback interconnection type, including their hardware structure and control methods. On this basis, a experimental platform suitable for small power situation is designed, this platform is in proportion to the real system.
This article goes at the whole form of the experiment platform, and puts it into modular parts and designs the main circuit of each children part separately. Experimental platform is mainly composed of traction substation module, load module, inverter feedback module and super capacitor energy storage module. And then, this paper makes a preliminary design of experiments based on the experimental platform design, and puts forward some new ideas in experiments.
At last, a virtual simulation platform of urban rail transit is designed so as to improve the teaching efficiency and reduce the cost of the laboratory construction. The model established on the Matlab platform bases on1500V urban rail transit DC power supply. The convenient and quick man-machine interface is designed by GUI. The advantages of the virtual experiment platform in the teaching and experiments are highlighted by introducing the Super Capacitor Energy Storage Type Regenerative Braking Simulation Experimental System.
引文
[1]郭湘.从城市轨道交通的发展看其在国际化大都市中的重要作用[J].中国科·技信息,2008(5),82-85.
[2]Masao Yano, Masahira Kurihara,Satoru Kuramochi, A New On-board Energy Storage System for the Railway Rolling Stock Utilizing the Overvoltage Durability of Traction Motors, IEEJ, TER-02-33,2002,pp.27-30
[3]王德伟.基于功率分配的车载超级电容储能系统控制策略的研究[D].北京,北京交通大学.2012.
[4]Gunselmann W. Technologies for Increased Energy Efficiency in Railway Systems[J]. in proceedings of EPE 2005. Dresden. ISBN:90-75815-08-5.
[5]Ricardo Barrero, Xavier Tackoen, Joeri Van Mierlo."Improving energy efficiency in public transport:stationary supercapacitor based energy storage systems for a metro network", IEEE Vehicle Power and PropulsionConference (VPPC), September 3-5, 2008, Harbin, China.
[6]刘炜.城市轨道交通供电系统仿真(D).成都：西南交通大学.2006.
[7]张文丽.城市轨道交通供电再生制动反馈能量利用仿真研究(D).成都：西南交通大学.2005.
[8]李群湛.城市轨道交通供电(M).成都：西南交通大学出版社.2007年3月.
[9]王波.超级电容能量回收系统在地铁中的应用研究[D],上海,川济大学,2008：7
[10]Allegre,Anne-Laure,Bouseayrol,Alain. Energy storage system with supercapacitor for an innovative subway[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2010,57(12):4001 4012.
[11]曾建军,林知明,郭万玲.地铁再生制动能量吸收装置[J].电气化铁道,2008,(6)：44-47
[12]李珞.重庆单轨交通再生制动能量地面吸收装置的应用[J].现代城市道交通,2005,(4)：18-21.
[13]张云太.利用车辆再生能量建设持续发展地铁[J].交通世界,2011,(16)：155-157.
[14]T. Koseki, Y. Okada, Y. Yonehata, et al. Innovative power supply system for regenerative trains, Computers in Railways IX,2004:931-939.
[15]Steiner, M., Klohr. M.. Pagiela, S..Energy Storage System with UltraCaps on Board of Railway Vehicles[C]. Power Electronics and Applications,2007 European Conference Page(s):1-10.
[16]王明飞.城市轨道交通再生电能吸收装置[J].城市轨道交通研究,2009,2(1)：62-64.
[17]王黎,赵云丽,李卫东.飞轮储能的仿真系统研究[J].电网与清洁能源,2010,(11).
[18]宋奇吼.李学武.城市轨道交通供电仕[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2009.
[19]陆峰.牵引电机负载模拟系统控制方法的研究[D],北京,北京交通大学.2010.
[20]李思杰.牵引电机惯性负载模拟控制策略的研究[D],北京,北京交通大学.2011.
[21]池耀田.城轨交通系统储能器的发展[J].都市快轨交通.2005(6),1-6.
[22]陈穗九.地铁列车制动电阻设置的探讨[J].都市快轨交通.2009(4),47-50.
[23]赵立峰等.北京地铁5号线再生电能吸收装置[J].现代城市轨道通.2008(1).6-8.
[24]Barker Philip.P. Ultracapacitors for use in Power quality and distributed resource applications[C].IEEE Power Engineering Soeiety Summer Meeting,2002:316-320.
[25]S. Umeda, J. lshii, and H. Kai, "Development of Hybrid Power Supply System for DC Electric Railways", JIASC04,3-84,2004.
[26]胡毅,陈轩恕,杜砚,尹婷.超级电容器的应用与发展[J].电力设备.Jan.2008.Vol.9No.1.
[27]Jinrui, N, Zhifu, W,Qinglian, R. Simulation and Analysis of Performance of a Pure Electric Vehicle with a Super-capacitor[J]. Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, 2006. IEEE.pp.1-6.
[28]周强,王金全,杨波.超级电容器：性能优越的储能器件=月.电气技术,2006,NO.6：65.
[29]石新春,一种基于超级电容器储能的光伏控制器的实现[J],现代电子技术,2008年21期.
[30]Sylvain LEMOFOUET-GATSI,Investigation And Optimisation of Hybrid Electricity Storage Systems Based On Compressed Air And Supercapacitors [D]. Ecole polytechnique federate de Lausanne,2006:125-127.
[31]黄欣,基于EMTDC的超级电容器建模研究[J],湖北工业大学学报,2010年1期.
[32]Lhomme, W.; Delarue, P.; Barrade, P.; Bouscayrol, A.; Rufer, A.:"Design and Control of a supercapacitor storage system for traction applications", Industry Applications Conference,2005. Fourtieth IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 2005,Volume 3,2-6 Oct.2005, pp.2013-2020.
[33]张慧妍.超级电容器直流储能系统分析与控制技术的研究[D].中国科学院电工研究 所,2006.
[34]http://w6.bysources.com/compplus/sample/EDLC%20-%202.5V%20series.pdf.
[35]张方华,朱成花,严仰光.双向DCOC变换器的控制模型[J].中国电机工程学报.2005年,第25期,第11卷：46-49.
[36]R.M.,Schupbach;J.C.,Balda.Comparing DC/DC converter for power management in hybrid electric vehicles[C].Electric Machines and Drives Conference,IEEE 2003 June: 1369-1374.
[37]Cooke P.Modeling average current mode control of power converters[C], Proeeedings of the Fifteenth Annual IEEE, Applied Power Eleetronies Conference and Exposition, 2000, APEC2000,Volume:1,256-262.
[38]蔡宣三,袭邵文等.高频功率电子学一直流-直流变换器部分[M].北京：科学出版社,1993.
[39]朱成花,严仰光BOOST变换器恒功率负载时动态性能分析[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2005.
[40]SanjayaManiktala, Juan W, Dixon, Micah E.Ortlizar, Ultracapacitors DC-DC Converters in Regenerative Braking System. IEEE AESS System Maguzinr. August 2002
[41]王志强.精通开关电源设计[M].人民邮电出版社,2008：43-52.
[42]薛小军.基于超级电容的车辆制动能量回收系统的仿真研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[43]张凌.单相光伏并网逆变器的研制[D].北京：北京交通大学,2007.
[44]刘志刚,王聪,赵金,于庆广,等.现代电力电子学与交流传动[M].北京：机械工业出版社.2005.
[45]Bimal.M.Higaki, Y. Matsui, etal. Digital protection method for power transformers based on an e quivalent circuit composed of inverse inductance, IEEE Trans. Power Delivery.3(4),1988.1501-1510.
[46]栾桂海.城市轨道交通再生制动逆变回馈系统研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2011.
[47]张秋瑞.：城市轨道交通再生制动能量利用技术研究[D].北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2012.
[48]陈道炼.DC-AC逆变技术及其应用[M].机械工业出版社,2003.
[49]林寒.城市轨道交通能量再生储能系统仿真研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文, 2012.
[50]Spyker R L,Nelms R M. Double layer capacitor/DC-DC converter system applied to constant Power Ioads[C].Energy Conversion Engineering Conference 1996.11-16 vol.1:255-259.
[51]西日本旅客铁道株式会社.新疋田变電所向1電方補完装置[J].束洋電機技報,
[52]闫晓金,潘艳,宁武,陈永真.超级电容-蓄电池复合电源结构选型与设计[J].电力电子技术.Vol.44,No.5.May.2010.
[2]Masao Yano, Masahira Kurihara,Satoru Kuramochi, A New On-board Energy Storage System for the Railway Rolling Stock Utilizing the Overvoltage Durability of Traction Motors, IEEJ, TER-02-33,2002,pp.27-30
[3]王德伟.基于功率分配的车载超级电容储能系统控制策略的研究[D].北京,北京交通大学.2012.
[4]Gunselmann W. Technologies for Increased Energy Efficiency in Railway Systems[J]. in proceedings of EPE 2005. Dresden. ISBN:90-75815-08-5.
[5]Ricardo Barrero, Xavier Tackoen, Joeri Van Mierlo."Improving energy efficiency in public transport:stationary supercapacitor based energy storage systems for a metro network", IEEE Vehicle Power and PropulsionConference (VPPC), September 3-5, 2008, Harbin, China.
[6]刘炜.城市轨道交通供电系统仿真(D).成都：西南交通大学.2006.
[7]张文丽.城市轨道交通供电再生制动反馈能量利用仿真研究(D).成都：西南交通大学.2005.
[8]李群湛.城市轨道交通供电(M).成都：西南交通大学出版社.2007年3月.
[9]王波.超级电容能量回收系统在地铁中的应用研究[D],上海,川济大学,2008：7
[10]Allegre,Anne-Laure,Bouseayrol,Alain. Energy storage system with supercapacitor for an innovative subway[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2010,57(12):4001 4012.
[11]曾建军,林知明,郭万玲.地铁再生制动能量吸收装置[J].电气化铁道,2008,(6)：44-47
[12]李珞.重庆单轨交通再生制动能量地面吸收装置的应用[J].现代城市道交通,2005,(4)：18-21.
[13]张云太.利用车辆再生能量建设持续发展地铁[J].交通世界,2011,(16)：155-157.
[14]T. Koseki, Y. Okada, Y. Yonehata, et al. Innovative power supply system for regenerative trains, Computers in Railways IX,2004:931-939.
[15]Steiner, M., Klohr. M.. Pagiela, S..Energy Storage System with UltraCaps on Board of Railway Vehicles[C]. Power Electronics and Applications,2007 European Conference Page(s):1-10.
[16]王明飞.城市轨道交通再生电能吸收装置[J].城市轨道交通研究,2009,2(1)：62-64.
[17]王黎,赵云丽,李卫东.飞轮储能的仿真系统研究[J].电网与清洁能源,2010,(11).
[18]宋奇吼.李学武.城市轨道交通供电仕[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2009.
[19]陆峰.牵引电机负载模拟系统控制方法的研究[D],北京,北京交通大学.2010.
[20]李思杰.牵引电机惯性负载模拟控制策略的研究[D],北京,北京交通大学.2011.
[21]池耀田.城轨交通系统储能器的发展[J].都市快轨交通.2005(6),1-6.
[22]陈穗九.地铁列车制动电阻设置的探讨[J].都市快轨交通.2009(4),47-50.
[23]赵立峰等.北京地铁5号线再生电能吸收装置[J].现代城市轨道通.2008(1).6-8.
[24]Barker Philip.P. Ultracapacitors for use in Power quality and distributed resource applications[C].IEEE Power Engineering Soeiety Summer Meeting,2002:316-320.
[25]S. Umeda, J. lshii, and H. Kai, "Development of Hybrid Power Supply System for DC Electric Railways", JIASC04,3-84,2004.
[26]胡毅,陈轩恕,杜砚,尹婷.超级电容器的应用与发展[J].电力设备.Jan.2008.Vol.9No.1.
[27]Jinrui, N, Zhifu, W,Qinglian, R. Simulation and Analysis of Performance of a Pure Electric Vehicle with a Super-capacitor[J]. Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, 2006. IEEE.pp.1-6.
[28]周强,王金全,杨波.超级电容器：性能优越的储能器件=月.电气技术,2006,NO.6：65.
[29]石新春,一种基于超级电容器储能的光伏控制器的实现[J],现代电子技术,2008年21期.
[30]Sylvain LEMOFOUET-GATSI,Investigation And Optimisation of Hybrid Electricity Storage Systems Based On Compressed Air And Supercapacitors [D]. Ecole polytechnique federate de Lausanne,2006:125-127.
[31]黄欣,基于EMTDC的超级电容器建模研究[J],湖北工业大学学报,2010年1期.
[32]Lhomme, W.; Delarue, P.; Barrade, P.; Bouscayrol, A.; Rufer, A.:"Design and Control of a supercapacitor storage system for traction applications", Industry Applications Conference,2005. Fourtieth IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 2005,Volume 3,2-6 Oct.2005, pp.2013-2020.
[33]张慧妍.超级电容器直流储能系统分析与控制技术的研究[D].中国科学院电工研究 所,2006.
[34]http://w6.bysources.com/compplus/sample/EDLC%20-%202.5V%20series.pdf.
[35]张方华,朱成花,严仰光.双向DCOC变换器的控制模型[J].中国电机工程学报.2005年,第25期,第11卷：46-49.
[36]R.M.,Schupbach;J.C.,Balda.Comparing DC/DC converter for power management in hybrid electric vehicles[C].Electric Machines and Drives Conference,IEEE 2003 June: 1369-1374.
[37]Cooke P.Modeling average current mode control of power converters[C], Proeeedings of the Fifteenth Annual IEEE, Applied Power Eleetronies Conference and Exposition, 2000, APEC2000,Volume:1,256-262.
[38]蔡宣三,袭邵文等.高频功率电子学一直流-直流变换器部分[M].北京：科学出版社,1993.
[39]朱成花,严仰光BOOST变换器恒功率负载时动态性能分析[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2005.
[40]SanjayaManiktala, Juan W, Dixon, Micah E.Ortlizar, Ultracapacitors DC-DC Converters in Regenerative Braking System. IEEE AESS System Maguzinr. August 2002
[41]王志强.精通开关电源设计[M].人民邮电出版社,2008：43-52.
[42]薛小军.基于超级电容的车辆制动能量回收系统的仿真研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[43]张凌.单相光伏并网逆变器的研制[D].北京：北京交通大学,2007.
[44]刘志刚,王聪,赵金,于庆广,等.现代电力电子学与交流传动[M].北京：机械工业出版社.2005.
[45]Bimal.M.Higaki, Y. Matsui, etal. Digital protection method for power transformers based on an e quivalent circuit composed of inverse inductance, IEEE Trans. Power Delivery.3(4),1988.1501-1510.
[46]栾桂海.城市轨道交通再生制动逆变回馈系统研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2011.
[47]张秋瑞.：城市轨道交通再生制动能量利用技术研究[D].北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2012.
[48]陈道炼.DC-AC逆变技术及其应用[M].机械工业出版社,2003.
[49]林寒.城市轨道交通能量再生储能系统仿真研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文, 2012.
[50]Spyker R L,Nelms R M. Double layer capacitor/DC-DC converter system applied to constant Power Ioads[C].Energy Conversion Engineering Conference 1996.11-16 vol.1:255-259.
[51]西日本旅客铁道株式会社.新疋田变電所向1電方補完装置[J].束洋電機技報,
[52]闫晓金,潘艳,宁武,陈永真.超级电容-蓄电池复合电源结构选型与设计[J].电力电子技术.Vol.44,No.5.May.2010.