城市物流可持续发展研究
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摘要
城市物流是现代城市赖以存在和发展的重要基础,在城市经济发展中占有重要地位。但是,城市物流对城市社会与环境也具有明显的外部不经济性,是造成许多威胁城市居民生活的环境和社会问题主要原因之一。城市配送是城市物流的重要组成部分,探讨如何合理组织优化城市配送以减轻对城市社会和环境的影响,成为城市物流可持续发展研究领域的核心问题之一。
为了减少城市配送活动对城市环境污染和交通干扰,政府管理部门通常对驶入城区特别是中心城区的城市配送货运车辆实施交通管制政策。本文认为城市交通管制政策是影响城市配送结果最重要的指标之一。但从国内外研究文献中可以发现,研究学者和企业在对城市配送进行优化时,很少将城市交通管制政策作为重要因素加以考虑,这就使得目前关于城市配送优化问题研究不能很好与实际情况相适。同时,对以促进城市配送可持续发展为目的的交通管制政策综合效果与适用环境缺乏关注与研究,特别是国内对其研究还处于起步阶段。
本文从构建城市配送可持续发展体系框架和构成要素出发,对其参与主体与利益进行了博弈分析,建立了城市交通管制条件下的配送路径多目标优化模型,并对不同情景下的城市配送优化效果和政策敏感性进行了对比评价,在此基础上,对城市交通管制下的共同配送进行了研究。最后给出了实证案例。具体来说,本论文研究工作主要有以下几个方面：
1、城市交通管制条件下配送路径优化问题系统框架和构成要素分析
基于扎根理论,提出了城市配送可持续发展研究体系框架,并利用该体系框架对城市货运交通管制情景下的配送路径优化问题系统构架和构成要素进行了分析；
2、城市配送可持续发展主体与利益博弈分析
通过对城市配送可持续发展措施参与主体与利益博弈分析,本文发现在完全市场机制下,企业应对实施城市配送可持续发展措施成本增量的能力是有限的,政府的干预是市场力量不足的有效补充,使城市配送物流资源的优化配置更加合理。因此,城市配送可持续发展措施实施不能仅仅依靠市场的力量,政府应当发挥更大的作用。
3、城市交通管制条件下配送路径多目标优化
将城市交通管制作为城市配送优化的重要因素,构建了城市配送多目标优化模型,通过情景设计,分析了不同城市交通管制条件下的城市配送综合效果。在此基础上,分析了城市配送构成要素对城市货运交通管制政策的敏感性。
4、城市货运交通管制条件下城市共同配送发展研究
以城市配送与回程取货整合的共同配送模式为研究对象,构建了交通管制条件的共同配送优化模型,本文提出的基于“出厂价”策略的纵向共同配送模式可以提高城市配送车辆利用率,有效降低了环境污染与配送成本,较好解决由城市交通管制引起的配送车辆利用率低等问题,实现综合效益最优。
5、实例研究
以北京市某配送中心为研究对象,对本文提出的优化模型和结论进行了模拟验证,对各优化结果与实际配送情况进行了对比分析,并给出了相关建议。
City Logistics is the basis of existence and development of modern urban and plays an important role in the city's economic development. City logistics, however, has significant external diseconomies of urban society and the environment which is the main reason of the environmental and social problems that caused many threats to urban living.Urban distribution is an important part of city logistics, and the studies on the urban distribution freight traffic problems and optimize of urban distribution in order to reduce the impact of urban social and environmental about urban logistics is core issues of studies on city logistics sustainable development.
Domestic and foreign government departments take the restriction policies for the cargo vehicle which entries into the areas of city especially central city in order to reduce the urban environment pollution and traffic interference. This paper argues that the urban traffic control policy is one of the most important indicators of the city distribution optimization results. However, from the research literature reviews it can be founded that few researchers and enterprises take the urban traffic control policy as an important factor when optimizing the urban distribution, which makes urban distribution optimization problems are not well with the actual situation appropriate, and difficult to give the right guidance and reference for practice. At the same time, there is lack of attention and study on the combined effect and applicable environmental of traffic control policies which had been proposed to promote t for the purpose of urban distribution sustainable development. Domestic research is still in the blank.
In this paper, starting from the building of urban the distribution sustainable development measures framework and elements, Game theory analysis of relationship between the participants and behavior within the urban distribution sustainable development measures has been taken, model of Distribution multi-objective optimization under the conditions of the urban traffic control policies has been make, and the results of distribution optimization urban different contexts and policy-sensitive comparative has been evaluated, On which basis, the joint distribution under the urban traffic control policies has been studied. Finally, there is an empirical study. Specifically, the mainly work of this paper as following:
1、the framework and system elements analysis of distribution route optimization problem under the conditions of urban traffic control policies Based on grounded theory, throug the collection of a lot of documents and data, the system Framework for urban the distribution sustainable development measures has been made, with which system architecture and elements of distribution routing optimization problem under the conditions of the urban traffic control policies has been analysised;
2、Analysis the relationship between the participants and behavior within the urban distribution sustainable development measures based on the game theory Through the analysis of relationship between the participants and behavior within the urban distribution sustainable development measures, it has been found that the capacity of corporate response to cost incremental of implementation of the urban the distribution sustainable development measures is limited under the market mechanism absolutely, Government intervention is effective supplement of inadequate market forces, which make the allocation of resources of the urban distribution logistics optimal more reasonable. Therefore, the urban distribution sustainable development measures can not rely solely on market forces, the government should play a greater role;
3、city distribution path multi-objective optimization under the conditions of urban traffic control policies Making the urban traffic control as an important factor in urban distribution optimization, one urban distribution multi-objective optimization model has been built. Through scenarios designed, the combined effect of distribution optimization under different cities traffic control policies has been analyzed. On this basis, the analysis of elements of the urban distribution sensitivity to urban traffic control policies has been made.
4、the studies on joint distribution under the conditions of urban traffic control policies Making joint distribution model of the integrated urban distribution and backhaul pickup as the study object, one optimization model of the joint distribution under the traffic control conditions has been built. The paper proposed a longitudinal joint distribution mode based on the "ex-factory price strategy" can improve the urban distribution vehicle utilization,and reduce environmental pollution and distribution costs,which can better solve the problem of low utilization caused by urban traffic control policies, and the overall efficiency of the optimization of city distribution has been achieved.
5、case study Making a distribution center in Beijing as the study object, practive study of the actual distribution path and distribution costs has been made. The optimization model and conclusions of this paper has been simulated and verificated with date from practive survey. Finally the comparation between the results of actual and computer distribution ptimization has been analysised, and recommendations have been given.
为了减少城市配送活动对城市环境污染和交通干扰,政府管理部门通常对驶入城区特别是中心城区的城市配送货运车辆实施交通管制政策。本文认为城市交通管制政策是影响城市配送结果最重要的指标之一。但从国内外研究文献中可以发现,研究学者和企业在对城市配送进行优化时,很少将城市交通管制政策作为重要因素加以考虑,这就使得目前关于城市配送优化问题研究不能很好与实际情况相适。同时,对以促进城市配送可持续发展为目的的交通管制政策综合效果与适用环境缺乏关注与研究,特别是国内对其研究还处于起步阶段。
本文从构建城市配送可持续发展体系框架和构成要素出发,对其参与主体与利益进行了博弈分析,建立了城市交通管制条件下的配送路径多目标优化模型,并对不同情景下的城市配送优化效果和政策敏感性进行了对比评价,在此基础上,对城市交通管制下的共同配送进行了研究。最后给出了实证案例。具体来说,本论文研究工作主要有以下几个方面：
1、城市交通管制条件下配送路径优化问题系统框架和构成要素分析
基于扎根理论,提出了城市配送可持续发展研究体系框架,并利用该体系框架对城市货运交通管制情景下的配送路径优化问题系统构架和构成要素进行了分析；
2、城市配送可持续发展主体与利益博弈分析
通过对城市配送可持续发展措施参与主体与利益博弈分析,本文发现在完全市场机制下,企业应对实施城市配送可持续发展措施成本增量的能力是有限的,政府的干预是市场力量不足的有效补充,使城市配送物流资源的优化配置更加合理。因此,城市配送可持续发展措施实施不能仅仅依靠市场的力量,政府应当发挥更大的作用。
3、城市交通管制条件下配送路径多目标优化
将城市交通管制作为城市配送优化的重要因素,构建了城市配送多目标优化模型,通过情景设计,分析了不同城市交通管制条件下的城市配送综合效果。在此基础上,分析了城市配送构成要素对城市货运交通管制政策的敏感性。
4、城市货运交通管制条件下城市共同配送发展研究
以城市配送与回程取货整合的共同配送模式为研究对象,构建了交通管制条件的共同配送优化模型,本文提出的基于“出厂价”策略的纵向共同配送模式可以提高城市配送车辆利用率,有效降低了环境污染与配送成本,较好解决由城市交通管制引起的配送车辆利用率低等问题,实现综合效益最优。
5、实例研究
以北京市某配送中心为研究对象,对本文提出的优化模型和结论进行了模拟验证,对各优化结果与实际配送情况进行了对比分析,并给出了相关建议。
City Logistics is the basis of existence and development of modern urban and plays an important role in the city's economic development. City logistics, however, has significant external diseconomies of urban society and the environment which is the main reason of the environmental and social problems that caused many threats to urban living.Urban distribution is an important part of city logistics, and the studies on the urban distribution freight traffic problems and optimize of urban distribution in order to reduce the impact of urban social and environmental about urban logistics is core issues of studies on city logistics sustainable development.
Domestic and foreign government departments take the restriction policies for the cargo vehicle which entries into the areas of city especially central city in order to reduce the urban environment pollution and traffic interference. This paper argues that the urban traffic control policy is one of the most important indicators of the city distribution optimization results. However, from the research literature reviews it can be founded that few researchers and enterprises take the urban traffic control policy as an important factor when optimizing the urban distribution, which makes urban distribution optimization problems are not well with the actual situation appropriate, and difficult to give the right guidance and reference for practice. At the same time, there is lack of attention and study on the combined effect and applicable environmental of traffic control policies which had been proposed to promote t for the purpose of urban distribution sustainable development. Domestic research is still in the blank.
In this paper, starting from the building of urban the distribution sustainable development measures framework and elements, Game theory analysis of relationship between the participants and behavior within the urban distribution sustainable development measures has been taken, model of Distribution multi-objective optimization under the conditions of the urban traffic control policies has been make, and the results of distribution optimization urban different contexts and policy-sensitive comparative has been evaluated, On which basis, the joint distribution under the urban traffic control policies has been studied. Finally, there is an empirical study. Specifically, the mainly work of this paper as following:
1、the framework and system elements analysis of distribution route optimization problem under the conditions of urban traffic control policies Based on grounded theory, throug the collection of a lot of documents and data, the system Framework for urban the distribution sustainable development measures has been made, with which system architecture and elements of distribution routing optimization problem under the conditions of the urban traffic control policies has been analysised;
2、Analysis the relationship between the participants and behavior within the urban distribution sustainable development measures based on the game theory Through the analysis of relationship between the participants and behavior within the urban distribution sustainable development measures, it has been found that the capacity of corporate response to cost incremental of implementation of the urban the distribution sustainable development measures is limited under the market mechanism absolutely, Government intervention is effective supplement of inadequate market forces, which make the allocation of resources of the urban distribution logistics optimal more reasonable. Therefore, the urban distribution sustainable development measures can not rely solely on market forces, the government should play a greater role;
3、city distribution path multi-objective optimization under the conditions of urban traffic control policies Making the urban traffic control as an important factor in urban distribution optimization, one urban distribution multi-objective optimization model has been built. Through scenarios designed, the combined effect of distribution optimization under different cities traffic control policies has been analyzed. On this basis, the analysis of elements of the urban distribution sensitivity to urban traffic control policies has been made.
4、the studies on joint distribution under the conditions of urban traffic control policies Making joint distribution model of the integrated urban distribution and backhaul pickup as the study object, one optimization model of the joint distribution under the traffic control conditions has been built. The paper proposed a longitudinal joint distribution mode based on the "ex-factory price strategy" can improve the urban distribution vehicle utilization,and reduce environmental pollution and distribution costs,which can better solve the problem of low utilization caused by urban traffic control policies, and the overall efficiency of the optimization of city distribution has been achieved.
5、case study Making a distribution center in Beijing as the study object, practive study of the actual distribution path and distribution costs has been made. The optimization model and conclusions of this paper has been simulated and verificated with date from practive survey. Finally the comparation between the results of actual and computer distribution ptimization has been analysised, and recommendations have been given.
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