关于建设区域性中央商务区的研究——以重庆为例
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摘要
中央商务区（Central Business District）简称CBD，它的活动包括金融、贸易、信息、展览、会议、酒店、经营管理，旅游、商贸、市政建设、交通服务等，是城市中上述商务活动和人流最集中、交通最便捷、建筑密度最高、吸引和服务范围最大的地区，同时它也是地价最高的地区。
在城市发展的过程中，由于聚集经济的作用，出现了城市中心，随着城市中心的不断发展，城市中心的各职能在地租——承租能力的影响下对城市空间结构进行了重新布局，那些土地利用率高的商务职能及高档商业服务职能就留在了中心地，使城市中心发展成为CBD。
CBD是商务机构的集中地，是城市、区域乃至全球经济的管理控制中心，城市经济的发展促成了CBD的出现，CBD的出现又会带动整个城市、区域、全球经济的发展。我国大致可以分为东、中、西三个区域，西部最为落后，但在区域经济均衡发展战略的影响下，西部地区将得到前所未有的发展机遇，为CBD的出现准备好必备条件，同时，西部也要求能有一个作为区域经济管理中心的CBD来带动整个区域的经济发展。
重庆是西部地区的中心城市，其历史、地位、资源、经济发展状况决定了她在西部发展中的重要作用，重庆有能力也有必要建立CBD，集中国内外有实力的企业分支机构和信息咨询机构，吸引外来资金和人才，做好连接东部发达地区与西部落后地区的桥梁，将CBD建设成为西部城市融集资金，交换信息、物资的中心。
就重庆目前的情况而言，依托老城中心解放碑建立CBD较为适合。在几个现有的商业中心中，解放碑的商务聚集程度最高，商业档次最高，已经具备CBD的雏形。但是解放碑建立CBD也存在一些问题，如商务功能不突出，低档商业仍占相当比重，商务机构周边环境较差，区域内的公共绿地和休闲娱乐设施较少，重新规划困难等。根据以上问题，结合解放碑周围区域的特点，确定集中发展金融、生产性服务（如咨询等）、旅游和高档商业与娱乐等中心功能，转移低档商业和批发业，沿城市主干道轴向扩展的发展战略。
重庆是区域性中心城市，其CBD定位不能和国际性CBD一样，在功能、结构、规模上都应该立足于本区域。重庆有自己的特色和优势，利用优势、保持特色，建立有重庆特色的CBD，才是重庆CBD建设的关键所在。
CBD (Central Business District), where such activities as finance, trade, information, exhibition, conference, management, business, municipal administration and traffic service are held, is the area that is more densely populated, more convenient in traffic and more attractive to investment than other areas in the same district. So it is reasonable that the land price of CBD is high.
Agglomeration economies bring about urban center in the process of urban sprawl. With the formation of centripetal urban rings, the planners of the city make rational adjustments in the distribution of spatial structure of urban areas according to theory of economic rent so that the services of high quality are amassed in the central sphere of the area, which results in the formation of CBD.
CBD is the central area of commercial organizations as well as the administrative center of urban, regional and even international economy. CBD comes out because of the development of urban economy and at the same time it works sufficiently on the progress of economy of that district. Under the macro guidance of the regional center, those masters from home and abroad hold interregional and international business activities in the regional central area which then becomes the CBD of that district.
Chongqing is a key city with long history, high status and rich resources in the southwest of China and it plays a very important and indispensable role in the economical development in this area. So it is necessary for Chongqing to establish a CBD to call those talented entrepreneurs from domestic and foreign companies together and to attract foreign funds and outstanding talents so as to bridge the comparatively developed eastern area with the west and make it (the CBD) the center of resource pooling and information communication of western area.
The core sphere of Chongqing consists of five districts, i.e. Yuzhong District, Shapingba District, Nan'an District, Jiangbei District and Jiulongpo District, each of them has their own commercial center. Among the five districts, Yuzhong District is the better developing one in which Jiefangbei exceeds other parts in high frequency and grade business activities to be the CBD of Chongqing. Yet there really exists such problems as there are still some low-grade business activities, the neighboring environment of the administrative organizations is not that satisfying, neither are there enough public utilities and green belts in this area. In view of the geographic restrictions,
it is rather difficult for Jiefangbei to expand expect to extend to the main roads. This is a strategic idea for the pooling of funds, information communication, the prosperity of high-grade business, tourist industry and recreation activity.
Chongqing is a regional central city, Chongqing has its own characteristics and advantages that are different from other cities and countries so that it should aim to establish a unique CBD with unique function, structure and shape based on the local conditions. That is the point of the construction of the central place as well as subcenters and idealized structure of this metropolitan city.
在城市发展的过程中，由于聚集经济的作用，出现了城市中心，随着城市中心的不断发展，城市中心的各职能在地租——承租能力的影响下对城市空间结构进行了重新布局，那些土地利用率高的商务职能及高档商业服务职能就留在了中心地，使城市中心发展成为CBD。
CBD是商务机构的集中地，是城市、区域乃至全球经济的管理控制中心，城市经济的发展促成了CBD的出现，CBD的出现又会带动整个城市、区域、全球经济的发展。我国大致可以分为东、中、西三个区域，西部最为落后，但在区域经济均衡发展战略的影响下，西部地区将得到前所未有的发展机遇，为CBD的出现准备好必备条件，同时，西部也要求能有一个作为区域经济管理中心的CBD来带动整个区域的经济发展。
重庆是西部地区的中心城市，其历史、地位、资源、经济发展状况决定了她在西部发展中的重要作用，重庆有能力也有必要建立CBD，集中国内外有实力的企业分支机构和信息咨询机构，吸引外来资金和人才，做好连接东部发达地区与西部落后地区的桥梁，将CBD建设成为西部城市融集资金，交换信息、物资的中心。
就重庆目前的情况而言，依托老城中心解放碑建立CBD较为适合。在几个现有的商业中心中，解放碑的商务聚集程度最高，商业档次最高，已经具备CBD的雏形。但是解放碑建立CBD也存在一些问题，如商务功能不突出，低档商业仍占相当比重，商务机构周边环境较差，区域内的公共绿地和休闲娱乐设施较少，重新规划困难等。根据以上问题，结合解放碑周围区域的特点，确定集中发展金融、生产性服务（如咨询等）、旅游和高档商业与娱乐等中心功能，转移低档商业和批发业，沿城市主干道轴向扩展的发展战略。
重庆是区域性中心城市，其CBD定位不能和国际性CBD一样，在功能、结构、规模上都应该立足于本区域。重庆有自己的特色和优势，利用优势、保持特色，建立有重庆特色的CBD，才是重庆CBD建设的关键所在。
CBD (Central Business District), where such activities as finance, trade, information, exhibition, conference, management, business, municipal administration and traffic service are held, is the area that is more densely populated, more convenient in traffic and more attractive to investment than other areas in the same district. So it is reasonable that the land price of CBD is high.
Agglomeration economies bring about urban center in the process of urban sprawl. With the formation of centripetal urban rings, the planners of the city make rational adjustments in the distribution of spatial structure of urban areas according to theory of economic rent so that the services of high quality are amassed in the central sphere of the area, which results in the formation of CBD.
CBD is the central area of commercial organizations as well as the administrative center of urban, regional and even international economy. CBD comes out because of the development of urban economy and at the same time it works sufficiently on the progress of economy of that district. Under the macro guidance of the regional center, those masters from home and abroad hold interregional and international business activities in the regional central area which then becomes the CBD of that district.
Chongqing is a key city with long history, high status and rich resources in the southwest of China and it plays a very important and indispensable role in the economical development in this area. So it is necessary for Chongqing to establish a CBD to call those talented entrepreneurs from domestic and foreign companies together and to attract foreign funds and outstanding talents so as to bridge the comparatively developed eastern area with the west and make it (the CBD) the center of resource pooling and information communication of western area.
The core sphere of Chongqing consists of five districts, i.e. Yuzhong District, Shapingba District, Nan'an District, Jiangbei District and Jiulongpo District, each of them has their own commercial center. Among the five districts, Yuzhong District is the better developing one in which Jiefangbei exceeds other parts in high frequency and grade business activities to be the CBD of Chongqing. Yet there really exists such problems as there are still some low-grade business activities, the neighboring environment of the administrative organizations is not that satisfying, neither are there enough public utilities and green belts in this area. In view of the geographic restrictions,
it is rather difficult for Jiefangbei to expand expect to extend to the main roads. This is a strategic idea for the pooling of funds, information communication, the prosperity of high-grade business, tourist industry and recreation activity.
Chongqing is a regional central city, Chongqing has its own characteristics and advantages that are different from other cities and countries so that it should aim to establish a unique CBD with unique function, structure and shape based on the local conditions. That is the point of the construction of the central place as well as subcenters and idealized structure of this metropolitan city.
引文
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[2] 乔继明译.拉德方斯规划简介.国外城市规划. 1992.3. 26-31
[3] CBD简介.中国中央商务区网.http://www.cbd.gov.cn/news/cbd/
[4] 36个小城市竞相发展CBD.南方网. http://www.southcn.com/
[5] 李沛.当代全球性城市中央商务区(CBD)规划理论探讨.北京.中国建筑工业出版社. 1999.9. 147
[6] Murphy R E, Vance J E. Delimiting the CBD. Economic Geography. 1954.30.3. 189-222
[7] Davis D H. Boundary Study as a Tool in CBD Analysis: An Interpretation of Certain Aspects of the Boundary of Cape Town's Central Business District. Economic Geography. 1959.35. 322-345
[8] 李芳.高春茂.国外CBD研究及规划实例简介(一).城市问题. 1994.2. 60-62
[9] Murphy R E, Vance J E, Epstein B T. Internal Structure of the CBD. Economic Geography. 1955.31.1. 21-46
[10] Scott P. The Australian CBD. Economic Geography. 1959.35. 250-314
[11] Davis D H. Zambia in Maps: Graphic Perspectives of a Developing Country. New York. Africana Pub. Corp. 1972
[12] 雷玉秀.姜璐.多CBD城市土地的均衡价格结构.北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）. 2000.Vol.31.No.4. 452-455
[13] 樊绯.20世纪城市发展与CBD功能的演变.城市发展研究. 2000.4. 43-47
[14] 陆红军.新经济时代的中央商务区——对北京CBD定位和发展思路的建议.北京规划建设. 2001.1. 29-30
[15] 黄富厢.上海21世纪CBD与陆家嘴金融贸易中心区规划的构成.时代建筑. 1998.2. 24-26
[16] 阎小培，周春山.广州CBD的功能特征与空间结构.地理学报. 2000. Vol.55.No.4. 475-480
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