热挤压Mg-Mn-RE合金的组织、力学性能及耐蚀性的研究
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摘要
Mg-Mn合金具有良好的抗腐蚀性能,是非常有应用前景的工程材料,但由于强度较低,限制了其在受力结构件上的应用。本文以Mg-Mn合金为基体材料,通过Y、Nd稀土元素合金化的方法,制备了六种新型Mg-Mn-RE挤压变形镁合金。采用体积比为1:99的SF6与COB2B的混合气体保护下的电阻炉熔炼方法,在通水冷却的圆柱锭模中浇铸成直径为88mm的圆棒,经520°C固溶处理后,车削加工成直径82mm的光滑圆棒,然后在630吨的挤压机上挤压成直径20mm的小圆棒,用线切割机制备了相关检测样品;采用扫描电镜、透射电镜、X-射线衍射仪及材料力学试验机等实验设备,系统地研究了Mg-Mn-RE挤压镁合金在不同应变速率及不同温度下的相组成、微观组织、常规性能及拉伸变形行为的变化规律及机理;采用盐雾腐蚀实验、极化分析和交流阻抗谱等实验方法,研究了Mg-Mn-RE挤压镁合金的腐蚀机理、与材料腐蚀相关的关键性问题(腐蚀速率及影响因素)和Mg-Mn-RE挤压镁合金在不同条件下的腐蚀特性。取得了如下创新性成果:
1.发现了单一稀土元素Y对Mg-Mn体系挤压合金的微观结构和拉伸行为的影响规律和作用机理。即Y元素具有显著的细化晶粒作用,随Y含量从1%增加到5%,Mg-Mn系挤压合金的平均晶粒尺寸从T~10μm减少到~3μm;T随Y元素含量的增加,Mg-Mn合金的拉伸强度提高,延伸率降低,主要是织构对Mg-Mn系合金的断裂模式与延展性的作用结果:Mg-Mn-1Y中的织构T类型T为T晶粒的(T1011T)T晶面T垂直于挤压方向,有利于提高合金的塑性,拉伸断口为微孔聚集型断裂;TMg-Mn-5Y合金中的织构类型为晶粒的(T1010T)晶面平行于挤压方向导致其拉伸断裂方式为解理断裂,表现出高的屈服强度和较差的塑性。
2.找出了稀土元素Y和Nd对Mg-Mn系挤压合金的微观组织和拉伸行为的影响规律及作用机理:Y为Mg-Mn系挤压合金的强化元素,Nd为Mg-Mn系挤压合金的韧化元素的同时还能提高材料的高温强度,Y和Nd共同作用可提高Mg-Mn系挤压合金的综合机械性能。这种明显差异主要是由于Y和Nd的不同配比使Mg-Mn系合金的变形滑移面、Mg24Y5析出相的数量发生改变引起的。Mg-Mn-3.5Y合金的拉断口形貌为解理断裂,而Mg-Mn-Y-2.5Nd合金断口上有细小的韧窝存在,韧性断裂机制起作用,Nd元素的加入可显著增加Mg-Mn系合金的塑性。
3.研究了Nd元素的含量对Mg-Mn-2Y系合金的微观组织和力学性能的影响变化规律。微观组织观察表明,Mg-Mn-2Y-2Nd合金中发生了明显的再结晶,再结晶晶粒尺寸变大,同时形成粗大的Mg12Nd相和细小的Mg24Y5相;拉伸结果显示,在室温条件下,Mg-Mn-2Y-2Nd合金的屈服强度和拉伸强度较高,延伸率较低。而在100°C和200°C情况下,Mg-Mn-2Y-2Nd合金的强度和延伸率均较高。
4.研究了稀土元素Y和Nd的加入对Mg-Mn系合金的腐蚀行为的影响规律并探讨了其电化学腐蚀机理。极化曲线、电化学交流阻抗谱及盐雾腐蚀实验结果表明,随Y含量的增加,Mg-Mn合金的腐蚀倾向减弱,腐蚀速率降低。而Nd的加入却使Mg-Mn系合金的抗腐蚀性能降低。
Mg-Mn alloys are kind of the metallic materials, which have the good corrosion resisitance properties. However, the further development of magnesium alloys has been limited due to its low mechanical performance. Therefore, the research on developing new-type magnesium alloys with high strength and perfect corrosion resistance is one of the hotspot in the research field of magnesium alloys. Basing on Rare earth (RE) alloying method, the six kinds of Mg-Mn-RE alloys were developed by adding Y and Nd element into extruded Mg-Mn alloy. The alloys were prepared by conventional casting method from high purity 99.9% Mg, Mg-9.9%Mn, and Mg-21.5%Y alloy under a shielding gas of COB2B-0.05%SFB6B. The melts were poured into a steel die with the diameter of 80mm at 750°C. The determination of the phases in the investigated alloys was carried out by energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffractmeter. The MTS, SEM and TEM were used for the deformational behavior and mechanical properties. The corrosion properties and effect factors of the Mg-Mn-RE alloys in different corrosive mediums were studied by atlas electric devices, potentiodymatic polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectra. The innovative results have been obtained as follows:
First, the effect of Y element on the microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded Mg-1Mn alloy are studied. The results show that Y element is beneficial for the grain refinement of the Mg-1Mn-5Y alloys. The average grain size of the Mg-1Mn-5Y alloys is finer than that of Mg-1Mn-1Y alloy. As a result, Mg-1Mn-5Y alloy exhibits higher tensile strengths, but lower elongation rate by comparing with Mg-1Mn-1Y alloy in a temperature range from room temperature to 300°C. Furthermore, the fracture surface analyses show that the Mg-1Mn-5Y alloy fractures by the cleavage mode, while that of the Mg-1Mn-1Y alloy by the dimple mode. The results demonstrate that the texture type is an important factor influencing the fracture mode and the ductility of Mg-1Mn-1Y and Mg-1Mn-5Y alloys. The experimental results show that the most T(T1010T)T crystal planes in the Mg-1Mn-1Y alloy are parallel to the normal direction, while the most (T1011T)T crystal planes in the Mg-1Mn-1Y alloy are parallel to the normal direction.
Secondly, the effect of earth element Y and Nd on the microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded Mg-Mn alloy are studied. Y element can improve the strength of Mg-Mn alloy, and Nd element can enhance the toughness as well as the strength in high temperature condition of Mg-Mn alloy. The collective effects of Y and e Nd elements on the overall performances of Mg-Mn alloy is more singnificant than effect of signel Y lement. The Mg-1Mn-3.5Y and Mg-1Mn-1Y-2.5Nd alloys, which contain the same weight percentage of rare earth elements. The tensile tests at room temperature, 100°C and 200°C show that the extruded Mg-1Mn-3.5Y alloy exhibits lower yield strength andr elongation rate to failure as compared with the extruded Mg-1Mn-1Y-2.5Nd alloy. These differences in tensile mechanical properties between two alloys are mainly attributed to their different slip planes and amount and distribution of Mg24Y5 precipitation phases. The Mg-1Mn-3.5Y alloy shows the cleavage fracture mode, while the fracture surface of Mg-1Mn-1Y-2.5Nd alloy exhibits the some toughnessive dimples.
Fourthly, the effect of Nd element on the microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded Mg-Mn-2Y alloy are studied. The obvious recrystallization occurred in the Mg-2Y-1Mn-2Nd alloy leads to the large average grain size as well as a number of Mg12Nd phase particles and fine Mg24Y5 phase particles.Tensile tests showed that the Mg-2Y-1Mn-1Nd alloy exhibits higher yield and ultimate tensile strengths, but lower elongation to failure at room temperature and, in contrast, the Mg-2Y-1Mn-2Nd alloy shows higher strengths and ductility at 100°C and 200°C, respectively. These differences in the tensile mechanical properties between the two alloys arise from the different contributions of the strengthening due to the grain refinement and the precipitation and dispersion strengthening effects generated by the coarse Mg12Nd phase particles and the fine Mg24Y5 phase particles.
Finally, the effects of Y and Nd elements on the corrosion behaviors and mechanisms of Mg-Mn-Y alloys are studied by observing and analyzing the corrosion behaviors. The results show that the corrosion rate of Mg-Mn-Y is decreasing with increasing Y content. but the Nd elements make Mg-Mn alloy suffer corrosion easily.
1.发现了单一稀土元素Y对Mg-Mn体系挤压合金的微观结构和拉伸行为的影响规律和作用机理。即Y元素具有显著的细化晶粒作用,随Y含量从1%增加到5%,Mg-Mn系挤压合金的平均晶粒尺寸从T~10μm减少到~3μm;T随Y元素含量的增加,Mg-Mn合金的拉伸强度提高,延伸率降低,主要是织构对Mg-Mn系合金的断裂模式与延展性的作用结果:Mg-Mn-1Y中的织构T类型T为T晶粒的(T1011T)T晶面T垂直于挤压方向,有利于提高合金的塑性,拉伸断口为微孔聚集型断裂;TMg-Mn-5Y合金中的织构类型为晶粒的(T1010T)晶面平行于挤压方向导致其拉伸断裂方式为解理断裂,表现出高的屈服强度和较差的塑性。
2.找出了稀土元素Y和Nd对Mg-Mn系挤压合金的微观组织和拉伸行为的影响规律及作用机理:Y为Mg-Mn系挤压合金的强化元素,Nd为Mg-Mn系挤压合金的韧化元素的同时还能提高材料的高温强度,Y和Nd共同作用可提高Mg-Mn系挤压合金的综合机械性能。这种明显差异主要是由于Y和Nd的不同配比使Mg-Mn系合金的变形滑移面、Mg24Y5析出相的数量发生改变引起的。Mg-Mn-3.5Y合金的拉断口形貌为解理断裂,而Mg-Mn-Y-2.5Nd合金断口上有细小的韧窝存在,韧性断裂机制起作用,Nd元素的加入可显著增加Mg-Mn系合金的塑性。
3.研究了Nd元素的含量对Mg-Mn-2Y系合金的微观组织和力学性能的影响变化规律。微观组织观察表明,Mg-Mn-2Y-2Nd合金中发生了明显的再结晶,再结晶晶粒尺寸变大,同时形成粗大的Mg12Nd相和细小的Mg24Y5相;拉伸结果显示,在室温条件下,Mg-Mn-2Y-2Nd合金的屈服强度和拉伸强度较高,延伸率较低。而在100°C和200°C情况下,Mg-Mn-2Y-2Nd合金的强度和延伸率均较高。
4.研究了稀土元素Y和Nd的加入对Mg-Mn系合金的腐蚀行为的影响规律并探讨了其电化学腐蚀机理。极化曲线、电化学交流阻抗谱及盐雾腐蚀实验结果表明,随Y含量的增加,Mg-Mn合金的腐蚀倾向减弱,腐蚀速率降低。而Nd的加入却使Mg-Mn系合金的抗腐蚀性能降低。
Mg-Mn alloys are kind of the metallic materials, which have the good corrosion resisitance properties. However, the further development of magnesium alloys has been limited due to its low mechanical performance. Therefore, the research on developing new-type magnesium alloys with high strength and perfect corrosion resistance is one of the hotspot in the research field of magnesium alloys. Basing on Rare earth (RE) alloying method, the six kinds of Mg-Mn-RE alloys were developed by adding Y and Nd element into extruded Mg-Mn alloy. The alloys were prepared by conventional casting method from high purity 99.9% Mg, Mg-9.9%Mn, and Mg-21.5%Y alloy under a shielding gas of COB2B-0.05%SFB6B. The melts were poured into a steel die with the diameter of 80mm at 750°C. The determination of the phases in the investigated alloys was carried out by energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffractmeter. The MTS, SEM and TEM were used for the deformational behavior and mechanical properties. The corrosion properties and effect factors of the Mg-Mn-RE alloys in different corrosive mediums were studied by atlas electric devices, potentiodymatic polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectra. The innovative results have been obtained as follows:
First, the effect of Y element on the microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded Mg-1Mn alloy are studied. The results show that Y element is beneficial for the grain refinement of the Mg-1Mn-5Y alloys. The average grain size of the Mg-1Mn-5Y alloys is finer than that of Mg-1Mn-1Y alloy. As a result, Mg-1Mn-5Y alloy exhibits higher tensile strengths, but lower elongation rate by comparing with Mg-1Mn-1Y alloy in a temperature range from room temperature to 300°C. Furthermore, the fracture surface analyses show that the Mg-1Mn-5Y alloy fractures by the cleavage mode, while that of the Mg-1Mn-1Y alloy by the dimple mode. The results demonstrate that the texture type is an important factor influencing the fracture mode and the ductility of Mg-1Mn-1Y and Mg-1Mn-5Y alloys. The experimental results show that the most T(T1010T)T crystal planes in the Mg-1Mn-1Y alloy are parallel to the normal direction, while the most (T1011T)T crystal planes in the Mg-1Mn-1Y alloy are parallel to the normal direction.
Secondly, the effect of earth element Y and Nd on the microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded Mg-Mn alloy are studied. Y element can improve the strength of Mg-Mn alloy, and Nd element can enhance the toughness as well as the strength in high temperature condition of Mg-Mn alloy. The collective effects of Y and e Nd elements on the overall performances of Mg-Mn alloy is more singnificant than effect of signel Y lement. The Mg-1Mn-3.5Y and Mg-1Mn-1Y-2.5Nd alloys, which contain the same weight percentage of rare earth elements. The tensile tests at room temperature, 100°C and 200°C show that the extruded Mg-1Mn-3.5Y alloy exhibits lower yield strength andr elongation rate to failure as compared with the extruded Mg-1Mn-1Y-2.5Nd alloy. These differences in tensile mechanical properties between two alloys are mainly attributed to their different slip planes and amount and distribution of Mg24Y5 precipitation phases. The Mg-1Mn-3.5Y alloy shows the cleavage fracture mode, while the fracture surface of Mg-1Mn-1Y-2.5Nd alloy exhibits the some toughnessive dimples.
Fourthly, the effect of Nd element on the microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded Mg-Mn-2Y alloy are studied. The obvious recrystallization occurred in the Mg-2Y-1Mn-2Nd alloy leads to the large average grain size as well as a number of Mg12Nd phase particles and fine Mg24Y5 phase particles.Tensile tests showed that the Mg-2Y-1Mn-1Nd alloy exhibits higher yield and ultimate tensile strengths, but lower elongation to failure at room temperature and, in contrast, the Mg-2Y-1Mn-2Nd alloy shows higher strengths and ductility at 100°C and 200°C, respectively. These differences in the tensile mechanical properties between the two alloys arise from the different contributions of the strengthening due to the grain refinement and the precipitation and dispersion strengthening effects generated by the coarse Mg12Nd phase particles and the fine Mg24Y5 phase particles.
Finally, the effects of Y and Nd elements on the corrosion behaviors and mechanisms of Mg-Mn-Y alloys are studied by observing and analyzing the corrosion behaviors. The results show that the corrosion rate of Mg-Mn-Y is decreasing with increasing Y content. but the Nd elements make Mg-Mn alloy suffer corrosion easily.
引文
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