乡村绿地系统服务效能评价及调控机制研究
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摘要
本文以浙江为研究区,对乡村绿化的材料效益、格局热效应、游憩服务、审美服务等关键服务效能作了深入研究,分析其与各影响因子的相关关系,建立评价模型,探明主要作用因子和调控机制,为量化评价与调控优化提供理论依据,主要结论包括:
绿化树种香樟(CK)生态效益优势明显,但景观、游憩、经济效益并不占优势;经济树种具有一定的生态效益,与大豆复层经营后进一步提高,因此在许多场合是十分重要的绿化材料。村庄景观中降温斑块与增温斑块充分接触是引起环境降温的基本机制,热量交换与距离的4-6次方成反比,景观数量结构与格局结构的热效应贡献约为3:1,核心区内、外环境与区内环境的热量交换也接近3:1。乡村公园、公园系统服务效能的共同影响及调控因子有聚会点距离、公园周围人口、规模与投入3类,适度投入才有最佳服务效率。影响绿地美景度的众多要素中,乡土气息和建筑质量是因评判群体而异的指标,其它则是通用指标;农村居民、城市居民和大学生3个群体的审美情趣总体差异不显著,但对于乡土气息的偏好有明显差异;与绿地数量有关的指标是最重要的美景度模型因子。
基于上述研究,构建了乡村绿地系统服务效能综合评价模型,成功解决了评价指标的量化、赋权等问题。
To afford academic foundations for quantification evaluating, adjusting and optimizing the services efficiency of a village green space system(VGSS), a series of studies in Zhejiang province rural area were carried out on several key indices such as service efficiencies of different afforestation tree species, landscape pattern effects on thermal exchange, recreation service efficiency of village parks and greening landscape beauty to establish their evaluation models, reveal their influenced mechanism by the relational factors and find out their adjusting handles in this paper, the main results are as follows:
Afforestation tree species, C. camphora as a CK, with obvious ecological benefit, has no advantages in aspects of aesthetic, recreational and economic value; fruit tree species have certain extent of ecological benefit which were enhanced while interplanted with soybean to construct fruit-soybean communities respectively, so they are very important material for village greening in many locations and occasions. It was the basic mechanism causing environment temperature reducing to make temperature-reducing patches and temperature-increasing patches fully tangent. The heat exchange amount is inversely proportional to the 4-6th power of the distance, the proportion of contribution to environment brightness temperature (EBT) from landscape quantity indices to from landscape structure indices was 3:1 in a village core area (built-up area), and the proportion of contribution from a inner core area to from outer environment was also 3:1. The service efficiencies of a village park or a village park system were mainly determined by 3 types of common factors, i.g. distance from the park to traditional gathering places, distance from the park to visitors’home and land and capital input, a medium and appropriate input will bring us the best service efficiencies. Among multitudinous elements influenced aesthetics value of the green landscape, the rustic tinge and building quantity are the special factors whose evaluation would be different by different people, others are universal factors. The evaluation are no significant different to integrative landscape among group of rural residents, urban residents and university students, but are quite different to urbanizing or rustic ones. Green quality causing beauty, the indices related to the green quality are the most important factors in aesthetics evaluation model.
Based on the researches above, a integrated evaluation model for service efficiency of VGSS was worked out, problems about quantification and calculation of many key indices and problems about weight determination were successfully resolved.
绿化树种香樟(CK)生态效益优势明显,但景观、游憩、经济效益并不占优势;经济树种具有一定的生态效益,与大豆复层经营后进一步提高,因此在许多场合是十分重要的绿化材料。村庄景观中降温斑块与增温斑块充分接触是引起环境降温的基本机制,热量交换与距离的4-6次方成反比,景观数量结构与格局结构的热效应贡献约为3:1,核心区内、外环境与区内环境的热量交换也接近3:1。乡村公园、公园系统服务效能的共同影响及调控因子有聚会点距离、公园周围人口、规模与投入3类,适度投入才有最佳服务效率。影响绿地美景度的众多要素中,乡土气息和建筑质量是因评判群体而异的指标,其它则是通用指标;农村居民、城市居民和大学生3个群体的审美情趣总体差异不显著,但对于乡土气息的偏好有明显差异;与绿地数量有关的指标是最重要的美景度模型因子。
基于上述研究,构建了乡村绿地系统服务效能综合评价模型,成功解决了评价指标的量化、赋权等问题。
To afford academic foundations for quantification evaluating, adjusting and optimizing the services efficiency of a village green space system(VGSS), a series of studies in Zhejiang province rural area were carried out on several key indices such as service efficiencies of different afforestation tree species, landscape pattern effects on thermal exchange, recreation service efficiency of village parks and greening landscape beauty to establish their evaluation models, reveal their influenced mechanism by the relational factors and find out their adjusting handles in this paper, the main results are as follows:
Afforestation tree species, C. camphora as a CK, with obvious ecological benefit, has no advantages in aspects of aesthetic, recreational and economic value; fruit tree species have certain extent of ecological benefit which were enhanced while interplanted with soybean to construct fruit-soybean communities respectively, so they are very important material for village greening in many locations and occasions. It was the basic mechanism causing environment temperature reducing to make temperature-reducing patches and temperature-increasing patches fully tangent. The heat exchange amount is inversely proportional to the 4-6th power of the distance, the proportion of contribution to environment brightness temperature (EBT) from landscape quantity indices to from landscape structure indices was 3:1 in a village core area (built-up area), and the proportion of contribution from a inner core area to from outer environment was also 3:1. The service efficiencies of a village park or a village park system were mainly determined by 3 types of common factors, i.g. distance from the park to traditional gathering places, distance from the park to visitors’home and land and capital input, a medium and appropriate input will bring us the best service efficiencies. Among multitudinous elements influenced aesthetics value of the green landscape, the rustic tinge and building quantity are the special factors whose evaluation would be different by different people, others are universal factors. The evaluation are no significant different to integrative landscape among group of rural residents, urban residents and university students, but are quite different to urbanizing or rustic ones. Green quality causing beauty, the indices related to the green quality are the most important factors in aesthetics evaluation model.
Based on the researches above, a integrated evaluation model for service efficiency of VGSS was worked out, problems about quantification and calculation of many key indices and problems about weight determination were successfully resolved.
引文
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