二维同震形变场提取技术研究
|
摘要
理论上,雷达差分干涉测量技术(D-InSAR)能够探测到雷达视线向上地表毫米级的形变量,但由于雷达卫星的飞行方向为近南北向,干涉雷达对于南北向(即方位向)水平运动不敏感,因此仅靠D-InSAR技术将无法重建真实的三维同震形变场。论文在研究图像精确配准偏移量提取形变信息技术(Offset-Tracking)数据处理和应用的基础上,围绕如何重建三维同震形变场这一主线,以巴姆地震和汶川地震为例,采用ENVISAT ASAR数据为实验数据,深入研究了提取三维同震形变场的关键技术问题——二维同震形变场信息提取技术,特别是方位向形变量的提取技术。论文的主要研究工作和贡献总结如下:
1)总结了Offset-Tracking技术原理以及目前提取同震形变三维分量的方法,改进了一种基于精确配准偏移量提取同震形变三维分量的算法。总结出Offset-Tracking技术处理过程的主要内容:①图像的精确配准;②系统误差偏移量的去除。
2)分析了SAR复数影像配准的特点,研究了复数影像精确配准的基本算法和具体的实现方法。提出了一种用于去除系统误差偏移量的震区图像精确配准流程,并进行了实现和验证。
3)详细分析了系统误差偏移量的来源,深入研究了不同的系统误差偏移量所采取的去除方法,同时详细分析了双线性函数去除轨道偏移量的原因。在此基础上,提出了利用精确配准偏移量提取地表二维形变量(方位向,距离向)的算法流程,并进行了实现和验证。
4)利用D-InSAR技术提取了巴姆地震形变场并做了剖面分析;利用巴姆地震同震相干图和形变场图获取了断层的位置和形状分布;利用Offset-Tracking技术获得了距离向(即雷达视线向)上的形变量,其总体趋势与D-InSAR技术获取的结果是一致的,提取的方位向形变量显示在近南北方向上存在着至少90cm的形变量,同时还做出了地表二维(方位向,距离向)位移矢量图,图中显示:断层西边板块向北错动,断层东边板块向南错动,东边板块的错动量明显大于西边板块。
5)汶川地震地壳形变以映秀——北川断裂为中心,断裂带西侧在雷达视线向上隆起约5.02m,而且断裂带两侧发生相向运动和强烈的水平缩短,南北错距达4m,断裂带西侧的向东运动幅度大于东侧向西的运动幅度,这一结论与GPS测定的汶川地震同震位移场趋势以及现场调查结果是一致的。
Differential SAR Interferometry (D-InSAR) could detect surface displacement in line-of-sight direction at mm level, which is now being used to measure seismic displacement. Flight direction of radar satellite is nearly north-south direction, which is not sensitive to horizontal motion. Only by D-InSAR technique cannot rebuild real 3D co-seismic deformation field.
In this paper, data processing and application of Offset-Tracking are firstly researched. Based on how to obtain 3D co-seismic deformation field, the method of two-dimensional deformation field is thoroughly researched which is the key technical problem of obtaining 3D co-seismic deformation field. The main researching work and contributions are summed up as follows:
1) The principle of Offset-Tracking and the current method of extracting 3D co-seismic deformation are summarized. An algorithm of obtaining 3D co-seismic deformation field based on registration offset is improved. Offset-Tracking process is summarized.
2) SLC images registration characteristics are analysised in detail. SLC image registration algorithm and the technique route are detailedly researched. In order to remove system offset, an accurate registration process over earthquake zone is proposed. The process is realized and the result is verified.
3) Sources of system offset is analysed in detail, the removal method is researched for every system offset and the reason of using bilinear function to removing orbit offset is detailedly analysised. Based on the above researches, a new algorithm of two-dimensional (azimuth and range) deformation field using registration offset is proposed. The process is realized and the result is verified.
4) Bam earthquake deformation field is obtained using D-InSAR, and the profile analysis is done. The fault location and shape distribution are obtained using coherence and deformation maps. The overall tendency of RO based on Offset-Tracking procedure is consistent to the deformation by D-InSAR.Not less than 90cm is found in the azimuth direction deformation. The surface displacement vector diagram shows: west plate move northward, east plate move southward, and the deformation of east plate is greater than west plate.
5) WenChuan crustal deformation center is in YingXiu-BeiChuan-Fault.The west fault uplists about 5.02m in line-of-sight direction. Opposite movement and horizontal shortening occured on both sides of the fault. The south-north separation is about 4m. The deformation of west plate moving to east is greater than east plate moving to west. The overall tendency of deformation based on Offset-Tracking procedure is consistent to the deformation by GPS and investigation.
1)总结了Offset-Tracking技术原理以及目前提取同震形变三维分量的方法,改进了一种基于精确配准偏移量提取同震形变三维分量的算法。总结出Offset-Tracking技术处理过程的主要内容:①图像的精确配准;②系统误差偏移量的去除。
2)分析了SAR复数影像配准的特点,研究了复数影像精确配准的基本算法和具体的实现方法。提出了一种用于去除系统误差偏移量的震区图像精确配准流程,并进行了实现和验证。
3)详细分析了系统误差偏移量的来源,深入研究了不同的系统误差偏移量所采取的去除方法,同时详细分析了双线性函数去除轨道偏移量的原因。在此基础上,提出了利用精确配准偏移量提取地表二维形变量(方位向,距离向)的算法流程,并进行了实现和验证。
4)利用D-InSAR技术提取了巴姆地震形变场并做了剖面分析;利用巴姆地震同震相干图和形变场图获取了断层的位置和形状分布;利用Offset-Tracking技术获得了距离向(即雷达视线向)上的形变量,其总体趋势与D-InSAR技术获取的结果是一致的,提取的方位向形变量显示在近南北方向上存在着至少90cm的形变量,同时还做出了地表二维(方位向,距离向)位移矢量图,图中显示:断层西边板块向北错动,断层东边板块向南错动,东边板块的错动量明显大于西边板块。
5)汶川地震地壳形变以映秀——北川断裂为中心,断裂带西侧在雷达视线向上隆起约5.02m,而且断裂带两侧发生相向运动和强烈的水平缩短,南北错距达4m,断裂带西侧的向东运动幅度大于东侧向西的运动幅度,这一结论与GPS测定的汶川地震同震位移场趋势以及现场调查结果是一致的。
Differential SAR Interferometry (D-InSAR) could detect surface displacement in line-of-sight direction at mm level, which is now being used to measure seismic displacement. Flight direction of radar satellite is nearly north-south direction, which is not sensitive to horizontal motion. Only by D-InSAR technique cannot rebuild real 3D co-seismic deformation field.
In this paper, data processing and application of Offset-Tracking are firstly researched. Based on how to obtain 3D co-seismic deformation field, the method of two-dimensional deformation field is thoroughly researched which is the key technical problem of obtaining 3D co-seismic deformation field. The main researching work and contributions are summed up as follows:
1) The principle of Offset-Tracking and the current method of extracting 3D co-seismic deformation are summarized. An algorithm of obtaining 3D co-seismic deformation field based on registration offset is improved. Offset-Tracking process is summarized.
2) SLC images registration characteristics are analysised in detail. SLC image registration algorithm and the technique route are detailedly researched. In order to remove system offset, an accurate registration process over earthquake zone is proposed. The process is realized and the result is verified.
3) Sources of system offset is analysed in detail, the removal method is researched for every system offset and the reason of using bilinear function to removing orbit offset is detailedly analysised. Based on the above researches, a new algorithm of two-dimensional (azimuth and range) deformation field using registration offset is proposed. The process is realized and the result is verified.
4) Bam earthquake deformation field is obtained using D-InSAR, and the profile analysis is done. The fault location and shape distribution are obtained using coherence and deformation maps. The overall tendency of RO based on Offset-Tracking procedure is consistent to the deformation by D-InSAR.Not less than 90cm is found in the azimuth direction deformation. The surface displacement vector diagram shows: west plate move northward, east plate move southward, and the deformation of east plate is greater than west plate.
5) WenChuan crustal deformation center is in YingXiu-BeiChuan-Fault.The west fault uplists about 5.02m in line-of-sight direction. Opposite movement and horizontal shortening occured on both sides of the fault. The south-north separation is about 4m. The deformation of west plate moving to east is greater than east plate moving to west. The overall tendency of deformation based on Offset-Tracking procedure is consistent to the deformation by GPS and investigation.
引文
1.王超,张红,刘智.星载合成孔径雷达干涉测量[M].北京:科学出版社,2002
2.舒宁.微波遥感原理[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2000
3.廖明生,林珲.雷达干涉测量—原理与信号处理基础[M].北京:测绘出版社,2003
4.王超.利用航天飞机成像雷达干涉数据提取数字高程模型[J],遥感学报,1997,1(1):46-49
5.张红.D-InSAR与POLinSAR的方法及应用研究[D].北京:中国科学院,2002
6.戴娅琼,InSAR数字高程模型获取、精度分析及构造地貌信息提取[中国地震局地震预测研究所硕士论文].北京:中国地震局地震预测研究所.
7.Ge L,X J Li,C Rizos,M Omura,GPS and GIS Assisted Radar Interometry,Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing[J].2004,70(10):1173-1177
8.Goldstein R M,Atmospheric limitations to repeat-track radar interferometry[J],Geophysical Research Letters,1995,22(18):2517-2520
9.Jing-Fa Zhang,Bin Liu.Land Slides and Earthquakes[J].Guide of ISPRS 2008,2008,6:209-212
10.刘国祥,丁晓利,陈永奇等.使用卫星雷达差分干涉测量技术测量香港赤腊角机场沉降场[J].科学通报,2001,46(14):1224-1228
11.陈基伟.利用GPS-InSAR合成方法进行地面沉降研究的现状与展望[J].测绘科学,2003,28(4):69-71
12.李德仁,周月琴,马洪超.卫星雷达干涉测量原理与应用[J].测绘科学,2000,25(1):9-12
13.舒宁.雷达影像干涉测量原理[M].2003,武汉:武汉大学出版社
14.杨清友,王超.干涉雷达复图像配准与干涉纹图的增强[J].遥感学报,1999,3(2):122-128
15.张祖勋,张剑清,廖明生.遥感影像的高精度自动配准[J].武汉测绘科技大学学报,1998,23(4):320-323
16.Q.Lin,J.F.Vesecky.Registration of Interferometric SAR images[J].Proceedings of International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.1992,1579-1581
17.凌勇,曾祺明,罗扬,赵永红.巴姆地震变形场和应力场:Ⅰ.用差分干涉雷达和Okada方法求解[J].岩石学报,2006,22(9):2367-2374
18.罗扬,施旭,赵永红.巴姆地震变形场和应力场:Ⅱ.用FEPG有限元方法求解[J].岩石学 报,2006,22(9):2375-2380
19.夏耶.巴姆地震地表形变的差分雷达干涉测量[J].地震学报,2005,27(4),423-430
20.孙建宝,梁芳,徐锡伟,宫鹏.升降轨ASAR雷达干涉揭示的巴姆地震(M_w6.5)3D同震形变场[J].遥感学报,2006,10(4):489-496
21.王志勇,张继贤,张永红,周兴东,刘磊.伊朗巴姆6.5级地震同震形变场地获取与解译[J].地震研究,2008,31(1):70-77
22.Yuri Fialko,Mark Simons.The complete(3-D) surface displacement field in the epicentral area of the 1999 M_w7.1 Hector Mine earthquake,California,from space geodetic observations[J].GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS,2001,28(16):3063-3066
23.王超,张红,刘智.张北-尚义地震同震形变场雷达差分干涉测量.科学通报,2000,45(23):2550-2553
24.Tazio Strozzi,Alexei Kouraev,Andreas Wiesmann,et al..Estimation of Arctic glacier motion with satellite L-band SAR data[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2008,11(2):636-645
25.Werner C,Wegm(u|¨)ller U,Strozzi T,& Wiesmann A.Precision estimation of local offsets between SAR SLCs and detected SAR images[J].Proceedings of IGARSS 2005,Seoul,Korea,25-29 July.
26.Wang H,Ge L.L.,Xu C.J.3-D Coseimic displacement field of the 2005 Kashmir earthquake inferred from satellite radar imagery[J].Earth Planets Space,2007,59:343-349.
27.Tobita M,Murakami M,Nakagawa H,Yarai H,Fujiwara,S.3-D surface deformation of the 2000 Usu eruption measured by matching of SAR images[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.2001,28:4291-4294
28.Werner C,Wegm(u|¨)ller U,Strozzi T,Wiesmann A.Gamma SAR and Interferometric Processing Software[J].Proc.ERSENVISAT Symposium,Gothenburg,Sweden,2000,Oct:16-20
29.Fialko Y,Sandwell D,Simons M,Rosen P.Three-dimensional deformation caused by the Bam,Iran,earthquake and the origin of shallow slip deficit[J].Nature 2005,435:295-299.
30.Tazio Strozzi,Adrian Luckman,Tavi Murray,Urs Wegm(u|¨)ller,&Charles L.Werner.Glacier Motion Estimation Using SAR Offset-Tracking Procedures[J].IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING,2002,40(11):2384-2391
31. S. Vajedian, M. Saradjian, M.A Sharifi. ESTIMATION OF SOURCE PARMETERS OF 2003 BAM(IRAN) EARTHQUAKE FROM ENBISAT SAR IMAGES USING GENETIC ALGORITHM TECHNIQUE[J].Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences.2008,PartB8:1281-1285
32. Li Z.W, Ding X.L, Huang C, Zheng D.W, Zou W.B, Shea Y.K. Filtering method for radar interferogram with strong noise[J]. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2006, 27:2991-3000
33. Liu H.X, Zhao Z.Y, Yu J.Y, Jezek K. Simultaneous least squares adjustment of multiframe velocities derived from interferometric and Speckle-Tracking methods[J]. IEEE Geosci.Remote Sens. Lett. 2008, 5:289-293
34. Strozzi T, Farina P, Corsini A, Ambrosi C, Thuring M, Zilger J, et al.. Survey and monitoring of landslide displacements by means of L band satellite SAR interferometry[J].Landslides, 2005,2(3):193-201
35. Strozzi T, Kaab A, & Frauenfelder R . Detecting and quantifying mountain permafrost creep from in situ inventory, space-borne radar interferometry and airborne digital photogrammetry[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2004, 25(15):2919-2931
36. Strozzi T, Luckman A, Murray T, Wegmuller U, & Werner C .Glacier motion estimation using SAR offset-tracking procedures[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2002,40(11):2384-2391
37. Strozzi T, Wegmuller U, Werner C, Wiesmann A, & Spreckels V. JERS SAR interferometry for land subsidence monitoring[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2003,41(7):1702-1708.
38. Jun Hun, Zhi-Wei Li, Xiao-Li Ding, &Jian-Jun Zhu.Two-dimensional Co-Seismic Surface Displacements Field of the Chi-Chi Earthquake Inferred from SAR Image Matching[J].Sensors, 2008, 8:6484-6495
39. Meyer F, Bamler R, Jakowski N, & Fritz T . The potential of low frequency SAR systems for mapping ionospheric TEC distributions[J]. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2006, 3(4):560-564
40. Wegmuller U. Werner C, Strozzi T, & Wiesmann A. Ionospheric electron concentration effects on SAR and INSAR[J]. Proceedings of IGARSS 2006, Denver, USA, July 31-August 4.
41.张世民,谢富仁,黄忠贤,任俊杰.壳幔通道流参与下的陆内汇聚作用与汶川地震的动力学机制[J].汶川8.0级地震地壳动力学研究专辑,2009,5:154-173
42.朱受彪.龙门山断裂带及附近地区的形变场与汶川地震动力学机制分析[J].汶川8.0级地震地壳动力学研究专辑,2009,5:174-182
43.陈连旺,李红,陆远忠,李玉江,叶际阳.川滇地区构造应力场特征与汶川地震同震效应的数值模拟研究[J].汶川8.0级地震地壳动力学研究专辑,2009,5:205-224
44.张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽等.2008年汶川8.0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率、复发周期和构造成因.地球物理学报,2008,51(2):1066-1073
45.张培震.GPS测定的2008年汶川M_w8.0地震的同震形变场.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008b,38(10):1195-1206
46.任小冲,汤井田,李志伟,佟国功,胡丹.干涉合成孔径雷达三维地表形变监测.海洋测绘,2008,28(5):45-48
47.Prati C,Rocca F.Use of spectral shift in SAR interferometry,Second ERS-1Symposium[C].Hamburg:[S.l.],1993
2.舒宁.微波遥感原理[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2000
3.廖明生,林珲.雷达干涉测量—原理与信号处理基础[M].北京:测绘出版社,2003
4.王超.利用航天飞机成像雷达干涉数据提取数字高程模型[J],遥感学报,1997,1(1):46-49
5.张红.D-InSAR与POLinSAR的方法及应用研究[D].北京:中国科学院,2002
6.戴娅琼,InSAR数字高程模型获取、精度分析及构造地貌信息提取[中国地震局地震预测研究所硕士论文].北京:中国地震局地震预测研究所.
7.Ge L,X J Li,C Rizos,M Omura,GPS and GIS Assisted Radar Interometry,Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing[J].2004,70(10):1173-1177
8.Goldstein R M,Atmospheric limitations to repeat-track radar interferometry[J],Geophysical Research Letters,1995,22(18):2517-2520
9.Jing-Fa Zhang,Bin Liu.Land Slides and Earthquakes[J].Guide of ISPRS 2008,2008,6:209-212
10.刘国祥,丁晓利,陈永奇等.使用卫星雷达差分干涉测量技术测量香港赤腊角机场沉降场[J].科学通报,2001,46(14):1224-1228
11.陈基伟.利用GPS-InSAR合成方法进行地面沉降研究的现状与展望[J].测绘科学,2003,28(4):69-71
12.李德仁,周月琴,马洪超.卫星雷达干涉测量原理与应用[J].测绘科学,2000,25(1):9-12
13.舒宁.雷达影像干涉测量原理[M].2003,武汉:武汉大学出版社
14.杨清友,王超.干涉雷达复图像配准与干涉纹图的增强[J].遥感学报,1999,3(2):122-128
15.张祖勋,张剑清,廖明生.遥感影像的高精度自动配准[J].武汉测绘科技大学学报,1998,23(4):320-323
16.Q.Lin,J.F.Vesecky.Registration of Interferometric SAR images[J].Proceedings of International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.1992,1579-1581
17.凌勇,曾祺明,罗扬,赵永红.巴姆地震变形场和应力场:Ⅰ.用差分干涉雷达和Okada方法求解[J].岩石学报,2006,22(9):2367-2374
18.罗扬,施旭,赵永红.巴姆地震变形场和应力场:Ⅱ.用FEPG有限元方法求解[J].岩石学 报,2006,22(9):2375-2380
19.夏耶.巴姆地震地表形变的差分雷达干涉测量[J].地震学报,2005,27(4),423-430
20.孙建宝,梁芳,徐锡伟,宫鹏.升降轨ASAR雷达干涉揭示的巴姆地震(M_w6.5)3D同震形变场[J].遥感学报,2006,10(4):489-496
21.王志勇,张继贤,张永红,周兴东,刘磊.伊朗巴姆6.5级地震同震形变场地获取与解译[J].地震研究,2008,31(1):70-77
22.Yuri Fialko,Mark Simons.The complete(3-D) surface displacement field in the epicentral area of the 1999 M_w7.1 Hector Mine earthquake,California,from space geodetic observations[J].GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS,2001,28(16):3063-3066
23.王超,张红,刘智.张北-尚义地震同震形变场雷达差分干涉测量.科学通报,2000,45(23):2550-2553
24.Tazio Strozzi,Alexei Kouraev,Andreas Wiesmann,et al..Estimation of Arctic glacier motion with satellite L-band SAR data[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2008,11(2):636-645
25.Werner C,Wegm(u|¨)ller U,Strozzi T,& Wiesmann A.Precision estimation of local offsets between SAR SLCs and detected SAR images[J].Proceedings of IGARSS 2005,Seoul,Korea,25-29 July.
26.Wang H,Ge L.L.,Xu C.J.3-D Coseimic displacement field of the 2005 Kashmir earthquake inferred from satellite radar imagery[J].Earth Planets Space,2007,59:343-349.
27.Tobita M,Murakami M,Nakagawa H,Yarai H,Fujiwara,S.3-D surface deformation of the 2000 Usu eruption measured by matching of SAR images[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.2001,28:4291-4294
28.Werner C,Wegm(u|¨)ller U,Strozzi T,Wiesmann A.Gamma SAR and Interferometric Processing Software[J].Proc.ERSENVISAT Symposium,Gothenburg,Sweden,2000,Oct:16-20
29.Fialko Y,Sandwell D,Simons M,Rosen P.Three-dimensional deformation caused by the Bam,Iran,earthquake and the origin of shallow slip deficit[J].Nature 2005,435:295-299.
30.Tazio Strozzi,Adrian Luckman,Tavi Murray,Urs Wegm(u|¨)ller,&Charles L.Werner.Glacier Motion Estimation Using SAR Offset-Tracking Procedures[J].IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING,2002,40(11):2384-2391
31. S. Vajedian, M. Saradjian, M.A Sharifi. ESTIMATION OF SOURCE PARMETERS OF 2003 BAM(IRAN) EARTHQUAKE FROM ENBISAT SAR IMAGES USING GENETIC ALGORITHM TECHNIQUE[J].Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences.2008,PartB8:1281-1285
32. Li Z.W, Ding X.L, Huang C, Zheng D.W, Zou W.B, Shea Y.K. Filtering method for radar interferogram with strong noise[J]. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2006, 27:2991-3000
33. Liu H.X, Zhao Z.Y, Yu J.Y, Jezek K. Simultaneous least squares adjustment of multiframe velocities derived from interferometric and Speckle-Tracking methods[J]. IEEE Geosci.Remote Sens. Lett. 2008, 5:289-293
34. Strozzi T, Farina P, Corsini A, Ambrosi C, Thuring M, Zilger J, et al.. Survey and monitoring of landslide displacements by means of L band satellite SAR interferometry[J].Landslides, 2005,2(3):193-201
35. Strozzi T, Kaab A, & Frauenfelder R . Detecting and quantifying mountain permafrost creep from in situ inventory, space-borne radar interferometry and airborne digital photogrammetry[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2004, 25(15):2919-2931
36. Strozzi T, Luckman A, Murray T, Wegmuller U, & Werner C .Glacier motion estimation using SAR offset-tracking procedures[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2002,40(11):2384-2391
37. Strozzi T, Wegmuller U, Werner C, Wiesmann A, & Spreckels V. JERS SAR interferometry for land subsidence monitoring[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2003,41(7):1702-1708.
38. Jun Hun, Zhi-Wei Li, Xiao-Li Ding, &Jian-Jun Zhu.Two-dimensional Co-Seismic Surface Displacements Field of the Chi-Chi Earthquake Inferred from SAR Image Matching[J].Sensors, 2008, 8:6484-6495
39. Meyer F, Bamler R, Jakowski N, & Fritz T . The potential of low frequency SAR systems for mapping ionospheric TEC distributions[J]. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2006, 3(4):560-564
40. Wegmuller U. Werner C, Strozzi T, & Wiesmann A. Ionospheric electron concentration effects on SAR and INSAR[J]. Proceedings of IGARSS 2006, Denver, USA, July 31-August 4.
41.张世民,谢富仁,黄忠贤,任俊杰.壳幔通道流参与下的陆内汇聚作用与汶川地震的动力学机制[J].汶川8.0级地震地壳动力学研究专辑,2009,5:154-173
42.朱受彪.龙门山断裂带及附近地区的形变场与汶川地震动力学机制分析[J].汶川8.0级地震地壳动力学研究专辑,2009,5:174-182
43.陈连旺,李红,陆远忠,李玉江,叶际阳.川滇地区构造应力场特征与汶川地震同震效应的数值模拟研究[J].汶川8.0级地震地壳动力学研究专辑,2009,5:205-224
44.张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽等.2008年汶川8.0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率、复发周期和构造成因.地球物理学报,2008,51(2):1066-1073
45.张培震.GPS测定的2008年汶川M_w8.0地震的同震形变场.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008b,38(10):1195-1206
46.任小冲,汤井田,李志伟,佟国功,胡丹.干涉合成孔径雷达三维地表形变监测.海洋测绘,2008,28(5):45-48
47.Prati C,Rocca F.Use of spectral shift in SAR interferometry,Second ERS-1Symposium[C].Hamburg:[S.l.],1993