胜利滩浅海地区高精度地震资料处理方法研究
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摘要
滩浅海地震勘探主要包括滩涂、两栖地带、浅海三部分,在野外采集中,因激发震源、检波器和表层岩性不同,使得滩涂、两栖带和浅海各段地震记录的子波不同,资料品质差异大、相位不一致,在滩海接合部剖面同相轴连续性差、信噪比低、构造形态改变,无法将反射波场的动力学特征直接用于储层反演和油气预测。
文中根据滩浅海地震勘探的特点,系统地开展了资料处理技术研究。针对滩浅海地区地震资料子波差异问题,研究了振幅处理技术和子波处理技术,在振幅处理方面,利用地表一致性振幅校正和剩余振幅校正,较好地解决了资料的振幅差异问题;在子波处理方面,提出在多约束条件下利用地表一致性反褶积、两步统计子波反褶积、匹配滤波等子波处理技术结合的方法进行子波压缩和一致性校正。针对表层变化大的特点,研究提出基于层析反演近地表模型的波动方程基准面静校正技术,通过层析反演的方法,建立较准确的近地表速度模型,较好地解决了滩浅海资料的静校正问题。在检波器二次定位方面,开发应用圆-圆定位方法和检波器空间差异校正技术,较好地解决了检波器受风浪、潮汐、海流影响发生的漂移问题。在噪音衰减方面,研究了噪音产生机制及地震数据在不同数学域、不同地球物理域及其不同多维构成下的特点,提出了基于地震数据重构的噪音衰减技术,另外,针对滩浅海资料多次波发育的特点,提出采用预测反褶积、相关滤波、拉冬变换、波动方程和优化组合多重压制方法压制不同类型的多次波。在成像技术方面,研究了主能量优化叠加技术、时差校正垂直叠加技术、共反射面元叠加技术、全方程优化系数有限差分偏移技术和叠前时间偏移技术,基本解决了滩海资料的叠加成像和偏移成像问题。
根据以上研究成果,对胜利油田郭局子地区、桩西地区等滩浅海地震资料进行处理,提高了滩浅海资料的成像精度,取得了良好的应用效果。
Exploration in Paralic Zone mainly carried in coastal mud flat, TZ zone and shallow water. For filed acquisition presently, Difference of source, geophone and surface lithology made Wavelet recorded in coastal mud flat, TZ zone and shallow water different, Data quality different greatly, phase disconsistency, events between land and shallow water with poor continuity, low S/N, structure changed, and dynamic charater of reflection canot be applied to resevior inversion and oil-gas prediction.
Base on seimic exploration character in Paralic zone, seismic data processing technique has developed systematically. In light of wavelet difference, we studied processing technique on amplitude and wavelet. It is able to solve data amplitude difference applying surface consistent amplitude correction and residual amplitude correction .wavelet compress and consistent correction can be conducted by using wavelet processing technique such as surface consistent deconvolution, two step deconvolution, match filter, etc. For surface variation, Technique of wave-equation datum static based on topographic inversion was put forward, by this method, it can make near surface velocity model and solve static question in Paralic Zone when velocity inverse exist near surface.On receiver secondary location, We developed double circle location method and receiver space difference correction, question of receiver drift caused by wind wave, tide, sea current was solved betterly. To aim at noise character of data in Paralic Zone, the paper also studied high fidelity noise attenuation technique, multiple multi-suppress method with predictive deconvolution, correlation filter, randon transform, wave equation and optimum combination. According to mechanism of production and character that seismic data attribute to different mathematics district, geophysical district and multi-dimension district of all kind of noise, We developed multiple attenuation technique based on data reconstruction. For imaging, We developed dominant energy optimize stack technique, moveout vertical stack technique, CRP stack technique, full equation coefficient Finite-difference migration technique and pre-stack time migration technique. It is basicly solved the question of stack imaging and migration imaging of data in Paralic Zone.
According to research result, seismic data processing of Guojuzi area, Zhuangxi area in Shengli Oil Filed has improved data imaging precision in Paralic Zone, better result has gotten.
文中根据滩浅海地震勘探的特点,系统地开展了资料处理技术研究。针对滩浅海地区地震资料子波差异问题,研究了振幅处理技术和子波处理技术,在振幅处理方面,利用地表一致性振幅校正和剩余振幅校正,较好地解决了资料的振幅差异问题;在子波处理方面,提出在多约束条件下利用地表一致性反褶积、两步统计子波反褶积、匹配滤波等子波处理技术结合的方法进行子波压缩和一致性校正。针对表层变化大的特点,研究提出基于层析反演近地表模型的波动方程基准面静校正技术,通过层析反演的方法,建立较准确的近地表速度模型,较好地解决了滩浅海资料的静校正问题。在检波器二次定位方面,开发应用圆-圆定位方法和检波器空间差异校正技术,较好地解决了检波器受风浪、潮汐、海流影响发生的漂移问题。在噪音衰减方面,研究了噪音产生机制及地震数据在不同数学域、不同地球物理域及其不同多维构成下的特点,提出了基于地震数据重构的噪音衰减技术,另外,针对滩浅海资料多次波发育的特点,提出采用预测反褶积、相关滤波、拉冬变换、波动方程和优化组合多重压制方法压制不同类型的多次波。在成像技术方面,研究了主能量优化叠加技术、时差校正垂直叠加技术、共反射面元叠加技术、全方程优化系数有限差分偏移技术和叠前时间偏移技术,基本解决了滩海资料的叠加成像和偏移成像问题。
根据以上研究成果,对胜利油田郭局子地区、桩西地区等滩浅海地震资料进行处理,提高了滩浅海资料的成像精度,取得了良好的应用效果。
Exploration in Paralic Zone mainly carried in coastal mud flat, TZ zone and shallow water. For filed acquisition presently, Difference of source, geophone and surface lithology made Wavelet recorded in coastal mud flat, TZ zone and shallow water different, Data quality different greatly, phase disconsistency, events between land and shallow water with poor continuity, low S/N, structure changed, and dynamic charater of reflection canot be applied to resevior inversion and oil-gas prediction.
Base on seimic exploration character in Paralic zone, seismic data processing technique has developed systematically. In light of wavelet difference, we studied processing technique on amplitude and wavelet. It is able to solve data amplitude difference applying surface consistent amplitude correction and residual amplitude correction .wavelet compress and consistent correction can be conducted by using wavelet processing technique such as surface consistent deconvolution, two step deconvolution, match filter, etc. For surface variation, Technique of wave-equation datum static based on topographic inversion was put forward, by this method, it can make near surface velocity model and solve static question in Paralic Zone when velocity inverse exist near surface.On receiver secondary location, We developed double circle location method and receiver space difference correction, question of receiver drift caused by wind wave, tide, sea current was solved betterly. To aim at noise character of data in Paralic Zone, the paper also studied high fidelity noise attenuation technique, multiple multi-suppress method with predictive deconvolution, correlation filter, randon transform, wave equation and optimum combination. According to mechanism of production and character that seismic data attribute to different mathematics district, geophysical district and multi-dimension district of all kind of noise, We developed multiple attenuation technique based on data reconstruction. For imaging, We developed dominant energy optimize stack technique, moveout vertical stack technique, CRP stack technique, full equation coefficient Finite-difference migration technique and pre-stack time migration technique. It is basicly solved the question of stack imaging and migration imaging of data in Paralic Zone.
According to research result, seismic data processing of Guojuzi area, Zhuangxi area in Shengli Oil Filed has improved data imaging precision in Paralic Zone, better result has gotten.
引文
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