上海台阵精确定位及应用
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摘要
地震台阵经过近五十年的发展,已从单纯的核查,更多的转为借助台阵观测系统、运用台阵观测技术和利用台阵高清晰资料开展地球物理学领域的研究为主要任务。利用台阵高清晰资料提高地震定位能力一直以来是上海地震台阵研究与应用的重点之一,也是本文主要的研究内容。
地震定位是地震学中最经典、最基本的问题之一,对于研究地震活动构造,地球内部结构,震源的几何构造等诸多地震学中的基本问题具有重要意义。
影响地震定位的因素有许多,归结起来有以下几个方面:1定位模型;2定位方法;3震相判读;4参与定位的台网布局等。本文着重在定位方法和震相判读上,充分利用上海台阵整体观测系统的优势和台阵独特的数据处理方法对常熟2001年和2002年二个小地震序列重新进行了精确定位。对精确定位的结果进行了对比与分析,并以此为基础对常熟地区及周边的地质构造等进行了解释与推断。
本文的主要内容如下:
1、简要回顾地震台阵的发展、阐述了地震台阵的机理以及描述了地震台阵的基本类型。
2、简述地震台阵目前的主要研究方法与应用。
3、简要介绍上海数字化地震台阵及上海台阵的定位方法。
4、运用上海台阵定位方法对常熟2001和2002年二次地震震群进行精确定位,对定位结果进行分析与对比等,得到一些初步的结论。
For now, the main purpose of a Seismic Array is to assist earth science researchArray-system, include Array-observation technology and its clear data, instead of simple datacollecting. One of the most important missions of Shanghai Seismic Array is to improve ourabilities in Earthquake Locating.
Locating Earthquake is one of the basic and classic tasks in seismology, and it’s of greatimportance to research earthquake, the Earth’s structures and source conformations.Many factors affect Locating Earthquake. These can be concluded as 4 points: 1) The modelof locating 2) The locating method 3) phase picking and 4) the arrangement of the Seismic ArraySystem. Emphases In this article were locating method and phase picking. We have located twoearthquakes in Changshu 2001 and 2002 using Shanghai Seismic Array system and our particularanalysis method, and have compared our results with the old ones. In the end, a conclusion hasbeen concluded to explain the geological structure around the Changshu area.
The main contents of this article were listed bellow:
1. Review the history of Seismic Array, expatiate its structure and describe its basic types.
2. Main research methods of using Seismic Array.
3. Introduce Shanghai Seismic Array system and Earthquake Locating method based on it.
4. Located two earthquakes in Changshu 2001 and 2002 using Shanghai Seismic Array system.Some accidence results has been given.
地震定位是地震学中最经典、最基本的问题之一,对于研究地震活动构造,地球内部结构,震源的几何构造等诸多地震学中的基本问题具有重要意义。
影响地震定位的因素有许多,归结起来有以下几个方面:1定位模型;2定位方法;3震相判读;4参与定位的台网布局等。本文着重在定位方法和震相判读上,充分利用上海台阵整体观测系统的优势和台阵独特的数据处理方法对常熟2001年和2002年二个小地震序列重新进行了精确定位。对精确定位的结果进行了对比与分析,并以此为基础对常熟地区及周边的地质构造等进行了解释与推断。
本文的主要内容如下:
1、简要回顾地震台阵的发展、阐述了地震台阵的机理以及描述了地震台阵的基本类型。
2、简述地震台阵目前的主要研究方法与应用。
3、简要介绍上海数字化地震台阵及上海台阵的定位方法。
4、运用上海台阵定位方法对常熟2001和2002年二次地震震群进行精确定位,对定位结果进行分析与对比等,得到一些初步的结论。
For now, the main purpose of a Seismic Array is to assist earth science researchArray-system, include Array-observation technology and its clear data, instead of simple datacollecting. One of the most important missions of Shanghai Seismic Array is to improve ourabilities in Earthquake Locating.
Locating Earthquake is one of the basic and classic tasks in seismology, and it’s of greatimportance to research earthquake, the Earth’s structures and source conformations.Many factors affect Locating Earthquake. These can be concluded as 4 points: 1) The modelof locating 2) The locating method 3) phase picking and 4) the arrangement of the Seismic ArraySystem. Emphases In this article were locating method and phase picking. We have located twoearthquakes in Changshu 2001 and 2002 using Shanghai Seismic Array system and our particularanalysis method, and have compared our results with the old ones. In the end, a conclusion hasbeen concluded to explain the geological structure around the Changshu area.
The main contents of this article were listed bellow:
1. Review the history of Seismic Array, expatiate its structure and describe its basic types.
2. Main research methods of using Seismic Array.
3. Introduce Shanghai Seismic Array system and Earthquake Locating method based on it.
4. Located two earthquakes in Changshu 2001 and 2002 using Shanghai Seismic Array system.Some accidence results has been given.
引文
时振梁,张少泉,赵荣国,吴开统等,地震工作手册,地震出版社,1992。
傅淑芳,刘宝诚,1991,地震学教程[M],地震出版社。
国家地震局地球物理研究所,1978,近震分析,地震出版社。
高景春,胡斌,张从珍,1999,用相对定位法精细测定张北地震序列的时空参数,华北地震科学,17,1,42-46。
姜长宁, 2001,江苏数字地震台网地震定位能力分析,地震学刊,Vol.21,No.2
田玥 ,陈晓非, 2002 ,地震定位研究综述,地球物理学进展,Vol.17,No.1
王峥峥,徐戈,杨彩霞,缪发军,2001,常熟-太仓Ms5.1地震精定位及震源机制解,Vol.21,No.1
鲁宗良,陆德明,丁建国,2003,常熟区域地震活动性规律研究? ,地震地磁观测与研究,Vol.24,No.5。
朱元清,赵仲和,1997,提高地震定位精度新方法的研究,地震地磁观测与研究,Vol.18,No.5。
于海英,朱元清,秦浩文,王小平,2004,上海地震台阵数据处理及其在地震研究中的进展,地球物理学进展,Vol.19,No.1
赵镇岭,朱元清,2002,上海地震台阵的地震定位方法,地震地磁观测与研究,Vol.23,No.2。
朱元清,于海英,2002,上海地震台阵(网)近震定位的翻台方法,地震地磁观测与研究,Vol.23,No.2。
任隽,朱元清,潘纪顺,陈运平,2002,上海地震台阵与台网的定位及视慢度研究,地震研究,Vol.24,No.4。
陈棋福,张跃勤,周静,2001,数字观测时代的全球三维结构与地震定位研究,地震,Vol.21,No.2。
杨智娴,陈运泰等,2003,双差地震定位法在我国中西部地区地震精确定位中的应用,中国科学[D辑]
叶太兰, 2004 ,微动台阵探测技术及其应用研究,中国地震,Vol.20,No.1。
李志海,赵翠萍,王海涛,和锐,2004,双差地震定位法在北天山地区地震精确定位中的初步应用,内陆地震,Vol.18,No.2。
杨智娴,陈运泰,张宏志,1999,张北-尚义地震序列的重新定位,地震地磁观测与研究,Vol.20,No.6。
杨智娴,陈运泰,张宏志,2002,张北-尚义地震序列的重新定位和发震构造,地震学报,Vol.24,No.4。
朱元清,范长青等,1995,南黄海地震序列时空参数的精细测定与分析,中国地震,Vol.11,No.1。
汪素云,许忠淮等, 1994 ,北京西北地区现代微震重新定位,Vol.16,No.1。
郭飙,刘启元等, 2002,首都圈数字地震台网的微震定位试验,Vol.24,No.3。
赵卫民,金延龙等,1998,吴忠、灵武地区地震的精确定位和中强地震的发震构造,内陆地震,Vol.12,No.4。
佟玉霞,朱元清,2002,F-K分析在上海地震台阵建设中的应用,西北地震学报,Vol.24,No.1。
于海英,1999,地震台阵的应用及进展,Vol.20,No.6。
佟玉霞,秦浩文,任隽,2002,上海地震台阵的标定方法,地震地磁观测与研究,Vol.23,No.2。
秦浩文,赵镇岭,于海英,佟玉霞,2002,上海地震台阵数据处理软件系统,地震地磁观测与研究,Vol.23,No.2。
常熟-太仓5.1级地震专辑,1990,地震学刊,No.4。
陈运泰,吴忠良,王培德等,数字地震学,地震出版社,2000。
国家地震局地学断面编委会,1992,上海奉贤至内蒙古阿拉善左旗地学断面说明书,地震出版社。
张四维等,下扬子地区符离集—奉贤地震测深资料解释.地球物理学报,1988,31(6),637-648
江苏省地震工程研究院,2001,南黄海地震区划研究报告。
张肇成等,中国震例(1989—1991),176—202,地震出版社。
Andrzej Kijko.A Statistical Model for Estimating the Accuracy of Event LocationApplied to a Network of Scandinavian Stations, PAGEOPH, Vol.120,pp.187-195,1982.
Ando M, Ishikawa Y,Yanazaki F, Shear wave polarization anisotropy in the uppermantlebeneathHonshu,Japan,JGeophysRes,88:pp5850-5864,1983.
A.M.Dainty,Array analysis of seismic scattering, BSSA,Vol.80,No.6,pp.2242-2260,1990.
Anne Suteau-Henson,Estimating azimuth and slowness from three component andarraystations,BSSA,Vol.80,No.6,pp.1987-1998,1990.
Bahama A, Cliet C, Study and applications of spatial directional filtering in threecomponentrecording,GeophysProp,Vol.36,No.6,pp.591-613,1988.
Brind R. J., Goddard N. J., Whitmarsh R. B., Beamforming Performance of an ArrayofSea-BedGophoneSensors,Oceanconference,Vol.2pp687-693Jan.1998.
Busselberg T, Muller C and Eckstaller A, The neumayer array and its impact onseismological research in the south Atlantic and Antarctica, TerraAntartica,Vol.8,No.2,pp.41-48,2001.
C.H. Chen, Seismic signal analysis and discrimination, U.S.A. Elsevier SciencePublishers,1984.
Chen P S and Chen H T. Scaling law and its applications to earthquake statisticalrelations.Tectonophysics,166,pp.53-72,1989.
Chong-Meng Samson, Poh Boon-Kiat, Parametric Sensor Array Calibration UsingMeasured Steering Vectors of Uncertain Locations, IEEE Transactions on SignalProcessing,Vol.47No.41999.
Dziewonski, A.M. and D.L.Anderson, Preliminary reference earth model, Phys.EarthPlanet,Int.,25,pp.297-356,1981.
Daveney A J,Oristaglio M L, Plane wave decomposition for elastic wave fieldsapplied to the separations of P wave and S waves in vector seismic data,Geophysics,Vol.51,No.2,pp.419-423,1986.
Daveney A J,Oristaglio M L, Plane wave decomposition for elastic wave fieldsapplied to the separations of P wave and S waves in vector seismic data,Geophysics,Vol.51,No.2,pp.419-423,1986.
Dodge,D.A.,BerozaG.C.,Sourcearrayanalysisofcodawavesnearthe1989LomaPrieta, California, mainshock: Implications for the mechanism of coseismicvelocity changes, J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 102, No.BB11, pp.24437-24458, 1997.
Enders A. Robinson, Tariq S. Durrani, Geophysical signal processing, EnglewoodCliffs, N.J. Prentice-Hall,1986.
E.Del Pezzo,M.La Rocca,and J.Ibanez, Observations of High-frequency scatteredwaves using densearrays at Teide volcano, BSSA,Vol.87,No.6,pp.1637-1647,1997.Englewood Cliffs, NJ: P T R Prentice Hall, 1993.
F.Ringdal, Teleseismic event detection using the NORESS array, with specialreference to low-yield Semipalatinsk explosions, BSSA, Vol.80,No.6,pp2127-2142,1990.
Golub G. H. and Van Loan C.F., Matrix computation : North Oxford Academic, 1983.Gupta I. N., C.S. Lynnes et al, F-K analysis of array and single station data to identifysources of near-receiver and near-source scattering, BSSA, Vol.80, No.6,pp.2227-2241,1990.
Jones. L. E. and D. V. Helmberger, Earthquake source parameters and fault kinematiesin the eastern California shear zone, Bull.Seism.Soc. Am. 88.pp.1337-1352,1998.
Katsumata K., Linear array data gathering for microearthquake observations: Survey ofmid-crustal reflectors,J Geophys. Res. Lett,Vol.20, No. 5, pp.411-414,1993..
Liu D, Tong L., An analysis of constant modulus algorithm for array signal processing,Signal Processing, Vol. 73 pp.81-104, 1999.
S. Rost ,A study of the earth’s upper mantle discontinuities in the pacific using ashort-period array,P.H.D dissertation。
Tormod Kvaerna，On exploitation of small-aperture Noress type arrays for enhancedp-wave detectability，Bulletin of the seismological society of America,Vol.79 No.3pp.888-990,1989.
Weijian mao, David Gubbins, Simultaneous determination of time delays and stackingweights in seismic array beamforming, Geophysics, Vol. 60, No.2, pp.491-502,1995.
傅淑芳,刘宝诚,1991,地震学教程[M],地震出版社。
国家地震局地球物理研究所,1978,近震分析,地震出版社。
高景春,胡斌,张从珍,1999,用相对定位法精细测定张北地震序列的时空参数,华北地震科学,17,1,42-46。
姜长宁, 2001,江苏数字地震台网地震定位能力分析,地震学刊,Vol.21,No.2
田玥 ,陈晓非, 2002 ,地震定位研究综述,地球物理学进展,Vol.17,No.1
王峥峥,徐戈,杨彩霞,缪发军,2001,常熟-太仓Ms5.1地震精定位及震源机制解,Vol.21,No.1
鲁宗良,陆德明,丁建国,2003,常熟区域地震活动性规律研究? ,地震地磁观测与研究,Vol.24,No.5。
朱元清,赵仲和,1997,提高地震定位精度新方法的研究,地震地磁观测与研究,Vol.18,No.5。
于海英,朱元清,秦浩文,王小平,2004,上海地震台阵数据处理及其在地震研究中的进展,地球物理学进展,Vol.19,No.1
赵镇岭,朱元清,2002,上海地震台阵的地震定位方法,地震地磁观测与研究,Vol.23,No.2。
朱元清,于海英,2002,上海地震台阵(网)近震定位的翻台方法,地震地磁观测与研究,Vol.23,No.2。
任隽,朱元清,潘纪顺,陈运平,2002,上海地震台阵与台网的定位及视慢度研究,地震研究,Vol.24,No.4。
陈棋福,张跃勤,周静,2001,数字观测时代的全球三维结构与地震定位研究,地震,Vol.21,No.2。
杨智娴,陈运泰等,2003,双差地震定位法在我国中西部地区地震精确定位中的应用,中国科学[D辑]
叶太兰, 2004 ,微动台阵探测技术及其应用研究,中国地震,Vol.20,No.1。
李志海,赵翠萍,王海涛,和锐,2004,双差地震定位法在北天山地区地震精确定位中的初步应用,内陆地震,Vol.18,No.2。
杨智娴,陈运泰,张宏志,1999,张北-尚义地震序列的重新定位,地震地磁观测与研究,Vol.20,No.6。
杨智娴,陈运泰,张宏志,2002,张北-尚义地震序列的重新定位和发震构造,地震学报,Vol.24,No.4。
朱元清,范长青等,1995,南黄海地震序列时空参数的精细测定与分析,中国地震,Vol.11,No.1。
汪素云,许忠淮等, 1994 ,北京西北地区现代微震重新定位,Vol.16,No.1。
郭飙,刘启元等, 2002,首都圈数字地震台网的微震定位试验,Vol.24,No.3。
赵卫民,金延龙等,1998,吴忠、灵武地区地震的精确定位和中强地震的发震构造,内陆地震,Vol.12,No.4。
佟玉霞,朱元清,2002,F-K分析在上海地震台阵建设中的应用,西北地震学报,Vol.24,No.1。
于海英,1999,地震台阵的应用及进展,Vol.20,No.6。
佟玉霞,秦浩文,任隽,2002,上海地震台阵的标定方法,地震地磁观测与研究,Vol.23,No.2。
秦浩文,赵镇岭,于海英,佟玉霞,2002,上海地震台阵数据处理软件系统,地震地磁观测与研究,Vol.23,No.2。
常熟-太仓5.1级地震专辑,1990,地震学刊,No.4。
陈运泰,吴忠良,王培德等,数字地震学,地震出版社,2000。
国家地震局地学断面编委会,1992,上海奉贤至内蒙古阿拉善左旗地学断面说明书,地震出版社。
张四维等,下扬子地区符离集—奉贤地震测深资料解释.地球物理学报,1988,31(6),637-648
江苏省地震工程研究院,2001,南黄海地震区划研究报告。
张肇成等,中国震例(1989—1991),176—202,地震出版社。
Andrzej Kijko.A Statistical Model for Estimating the Accuracy of Event LocationApplied to a Network of Scandinavian Stations, PAGEOPH, Vol.120,pp.187-195,1982.
Ando M, Ishikawa Y,Yanazaki F, Shear wave polarization anisotropy in the uppermantlebeneathHonshu,Japan,JGeophysRes,88:pp5850-5864,1983.
A.M.Dainty,Array analysis of seismic scattering, BSSA,Vol.80,No.6,pp.2242-2260,1990.
Anne Suteau-Henson,Estimating azimuth and slowness from three component andarraystations,BSSA,Vol.80,No.6,pp.1987-1998,1990.
Bahama A, Cliet C, Study and applications of spatial directional filtering in threecomponentrecording,GeophysProp,Vol.36,No.6,pp.591-613,1988.
Brind R. J., Goddard N. J., Whitmarsh R. B., Beamforming Performance of an ArrayofSea-BedGophoneSensors,Oceanconference,Vol.2pp687-693Jan.1998.
Busselberg T, Muller C and Eckstaller A, The neumayer array and its impact onseismological research in the south Atlantic and Antarctica, TerraAntartica,Vol.8,No.2,pp.41-48,2001.
C.H. Chen, Seismic signal analysis and discrimination, U.S.A. Elsevier SciencePublishers,1984.
Chen P S and Chen H T. Scaling law and its applications to earthquake statisticalrelations.Tectonophysics,166,pp.53-72,1989.
Chong-Meng Samson, Poh Boon-Kiat, Parametric Sensor Array Calibration UsingMeasured Steering Vectors of Uncertain Locations, IEEE Transactions on SignalProcessing,Vol.47No.41999.
Dziewonski, A.M. and D.L.Anderson, Preliminary reference earth model, Phys.EarthPlanet,Int.,25,pp.297-356,1981.
Daveney A J,Oristaglio M L, Plane wave decomposition for elastic wave fieldsapplied to the separations of P wave and S waves in vector seismic data,Geophysics,Vol.51,No.2,pp.419-423,1986.
Daveney A J,Oristaglio M L, Plane wave decomposition for elastic wave fieldsapplied to the separations of P wave and S waves in vector seismic data,Geophysics,Vol.51,No.2,pp.419-423,1986.
Dodge,D.A.,BerozaG.C.,Sourcearrayanalysisofcodawavesnearthe1989LomaPrieta, California, mainshock: Implications for the mechanism of coseismicvelocity changes, J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 102, No.BB11, pp.24437-24458, 1997.
Enders A. Robinson, Tariq S. Durrani, Geophysical signal processing, EnglewoodCliffs, N.J. Prentice-Hall,1986.
E.Del Pezzo,M.La Rocca,and J.Ibanez, Observations of High-frequency scatteredwaves using densearrays at Teide volcano, BSSA,Vol.87,No.6,pp.1637-1647,1997.Englewood Cliffs, NJ: P T R Prentice Hall, 1993.
F.Ringdal, Teleseismic event detection using the NORESS array, with specialreference to low-yield Semipalatinsk explosions, BSSA, Vol.80,No.6,pp2127-2142,1990.
Golub G. H. and Van Loan C.F., Matrix computation : North Oxford Academic, 1983.Gupta I. N., C.S. Lynnes et al, F-K analysis of array and single station data to identifysources of near-receiver and near-source scattering, BSSA, Vol.80, No.6,pp.2227-2241,1990.
Jones. L. E. and D. V. Helmberger, Earthquake source parameters and fault kinematiesin the eastern California shear zone, Bull.Seism.Soc. Am. 88.pp.1337-1352,1998.
Katsumata K., Linear array data gathering for microearthquake observations: Survey ofmid-crustal reflectors,J Geophys. Res. Lett,Vol.20, No. 5, pp.411-414,1993..
Liu D, Tong L., An analysis of constant modulus algorithm for array signal processing,Signal Processing, Vol. 73 pp.81-104, 1999.
S. Rost ,A study of the earth’s upper mantle discontinuities in the pacific using ashort-period array,P.H.D dissertation。
Tormod Kvaerna，On exploitation of small-aperture Noress type arrays for enhancedp-wave detectability，Bulletin of the seismological society of America,Vol.79 No.3pp.888-990,1989.
Weijian mao, David Gubbins, Simultaneous determination of time delays and stackingweights in seismic array beamforming, Geophysics, Vol. 60, No.2, pp.491-502,1995.