气体绝缘变电站瞬态信号的特征分析
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摘要
气体绝缘变电站（GIS）由于其与空气绝缘变电站相比（AIS）有诸多优点，在世界各地的应用越来越广泛。如同其它新技术一样，它的使用也带来了许多新的问题。本文立足已有一些研究成果，建立了一个实际GIS的内部和外部的模型，并借助EMTP-ATP软件模拟计算了由隔离开关操作引起的特快速暂态过电压（VFTO）。同时还模拟计算了GIS的局部放电在一条线路上的分布情况。对模拟计算所得的信号，采用联合时频分析的方法取得了良好的效果。一方面掌握了VFTO信号更多、更准确的特征信息；另一方面也为实际GIS局部放电的识别和定位提供了一条可能的新途径。显示了联合时频分析方法在电力系统应用中的巨大潜力。
Compared with Air Insulated Substation (AIS), Gas Insulated Substation (GIS) has many merits, so it has been applied widely in the world. But just as the application of many new techniques, many problems have been found during the operating of GIS. On the base of some research results, the interior and exterior model of GIS are set up in this paper, and Very Fast Transient Overvoltage (VFTO)can be calculated via the software that is called EMTP-ATP. At the same time, the distribution of Partial Discharge (PD) on one bay in GIS can be also calculated via EMTP-ATP. In this paper, a new method that is called joint time-frequency analysis (JTFA) is used to analyze the VFTO and PD signals of computer simulation, the effects are very good. On one hand, the more accuracy and the larger number of characteristics of VFTO are obtained; on the other hand, It is possible that JTFA provides a more accurate and credible method to identify and locate the GIS PD signals, which shows there are huge potential applications for JTFA in electric power systems.
Compared with Air Insulated Substation (AIS), Gas Insulated Substation (GIS) has many merits, so it has been applied widely in the world. But just as the application of many new techniques, many problems have been found during the operating of GIS. On the base of some research results, the interior and exterior model of GIS are set up in this paper, and Very Fast Transient Overvoltage (VFTO)can be calculated via the software that is called EMTP-ATP. At the same time, the distribution of Partial Discharge (PD) on one bay in GIS can be also calculated via EMTP-ATP. In this paper, a new method that is called joint time-frequency analysis (JTFA) is used to analyze the VFTO and PD signals of computer simulation, the effects are very good. On one hand, the more accuracy and the larger number of characteristics of VFTO are obtained; on the other hand, It is possible that JTFA provides a more accurate and credible method to identify and locate the GIS PD signals, which shows there are huge potential applications for JTFA in electric power systems.
引文
[1] 邱敏昌. GIS装置及其绝缘技术. 北京：水利电力出版社，1994
[2] 罗学琛. SF6气体绝缘全封闭组合电器(GIS) . 北京：中国电力出版社，1999
[3] 菀舜. 高压开关设备状态监测与诊断技术. 北京：机械工业出版社， 2001
[4] Daniel TABARA. Calculation of transient electric field due to disconnection switches in gas insulation substation and validation by measurements. (法文博士论文). 瑞士，LAUSANNE联邦工学院，1999
[5] 邓焕人. 城市供电网使用GIS与AIS系统的比较. 国际电力，1999， （4）：38－43
[6] 金立军，刘卫东，黄家旗等. GIS金属颗粒局部放电的试验研究. 高压电器，2002 ，（6）：10～13
[7] 陈锦清，郑晓光. GIS故障检测新技术. 广东电力，2002，（5）：43～45
[8] Z.Haznadar, S.Carsimatovic, R.Mahmutcehajic. More Accurate Modeling of Gas Insulated Substation Components in Digital Simulation of Very Fast Electromagnetic Transients. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol.7, No.1, January 1992, pp434～440
[9] S.A.Boggs, F.Y.Chu, N.Fujimoto, al. Disconnect Switch Induced Transients and Trapped Charge in Gas-Insulated Substation. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol.PAS～101, 1982, pp3593～3602
[10] 钟连宏，贺景亮. GIS暂态地电位升高的计算与分析. 高电压技术，2000，26（6）：43－45
[11] Europe EMTP User Group (EEUG), Alternative Transient Program(ATP). 1996
[12] 陈亚勇. MATLAB信号处理详解. 北京：人民邮电出版社，2001
[13] 伯晓晨，李涛，刘路. Matlab工具箱应用指南. 北京：电子工业出版社，2000
[14] 程佩. 数字信号处理教程. 北京：清华大学出版社，1994
[15] 张志涌. 精通MATLAB5.3. 北京：航空航天大学出版社，2000
[16] 尹泽明，丁春利. 精通MATLAB6. 北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[17] Gabor D. Thory of communication . J. IEE, 1946, 93: 429-457.
[18] Koenig R, Dunn H K, Lacy L Y. The sound spectrograph. J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., 1946, 18: 19-49
[19] Potter R K, Kopp G,Green H C. Visible speech. New York: Van Nostrand,1947
[20] Ville J. Theorie et applications de la notion de signal analytique . Cables et Transmission, 1948, 2A: 61-74
[21] L. 科恩（白居宪译）. 时频分析：理论与应用 . 西安：西安交通大学出版社，1998
[22] 邹红星，周小波，李衍达. 时频分析：回溯与前瞻. 电子学报，2000，28（9）：78-84
[23] 保铮, 孙晓兵. 时频平面分析非平稳信号的进展. 电子科技导报，1996，（4）：2-4
[24] 张绪省，孙金玮，赵新民. 用时频分析方法分析非平稳信号 [J]. 宇航计测技术，1995，15（5）：34-41
[25] P. Loughlin. Special Issue on Time-Frequency Analysis. Proc IEEE, 1996, 84(9)
[26] 徐立新，王伯翰. 非平稳信号分析在断路器故障诊断中的应用 [J]. 清华大学学报（自然科学版），1992，32（4）：48-57.
[27] 姜建国，等. 故障诊断学及其在电工中的应用 [M]. 北京：科学出版社，1995.
[28] YuHua Gu, Math H.J.Billen. Time-Frequency and Time-Scale Domain Analysis of Voltage Disturbances [J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 2000, 15(4): 1279-1283.
[29] 王国利，郝艳捧，贾志东，李彦明. 联合时频分析应用于局部放电信号处理的研究. 高电压技术，2001，27（3）：12-14.
[30] 王国利，郝艳捧，李彦明. 基于自适应谱的局部放电信号时频特征分析. 西安交通大学学报，2001，35（8）：790-794.
[31] 王猛，谈克雄，高文胜，郑重. 局部放电脉波形的时频联合分析特征提
[32] Oung H, Reid J M. The analysis of non-stationary Doppler spectrum using a modified Wigner-Ville distribution. In: Proc. Int. Conf. IEEE EMBS, 1990, 460-461.
[33] Sun M, Li C C,Sekhar L N, Sclabassi R J. Elimination of the cross-components of the discrete pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution via image processing. In: proc. IEEE ICASSP-89, 1989, 2230-2233.
[34] Auger F, Flandrin P. Improving the readability of time-frequency and time-scale representations by the reassignment method. IEEE Trans. Singal Processing, 1995, 43: 1068-1089.
[35] 彭玉华. 小波变换与工程应用. 北京：科学出版社，1999.
[36] L.Grcev, F.Dawalibi. An Electromagnetic Model for Transients in Grounding Systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol,5, No.4, November 1996, pp1773～1781
[37] J.Meppelink, K.Diederich, K.Feser. Very Fast Transients in GIS. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol,4, NO.1, Jannuary 1989, pp223～233
[38] T.Sakakibara, H.Murase, E.Haginomori. Study of Propagation Phenomena of Partial Discharge pulses in Gas Insulation Substation. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol,13, No.3, July 1998, pp768～775
[2] 罗学琛. SF6气体绝缘全封闭组合电器(GIS) . 北京：中国电力出版社，1999
[3] 菀舜. 高压开关设备状态监测与诊断技术. 北京：机械工业出版社， 2001
[4] Daniel TABARA. Calculation of transient electric field due to disconnection switches in gas insulation substation and validation by measurements. (法文博士论文). 瑞士，LAUSANNE联邦工学院，1999
[5] 邓焕人. 城市供电网使用GIS与AIS系统的比较. 国际电力，1999， （4）：38－43
[6] 金立军，刘卫东，黄家旗等. GIS金属颗粒局部放电的试验研究. 高压电器，2002 ，（6）：10～13
[7] 陈锦清，郑晓光. GIS故障检测新技术. 广东电力，2002，（5）：43～45
[8] Z.Haznadar, S.Carsimatovic, R.Mahmutcehajic. More Accurate Modeling of Gas Insulated Substation Components in Digital Simulation of Very Fast Electromagnetic Transients. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol.7, No.1, January 1992, pp434～440
[9] S.A.Boggs, F.Y.Chu, N.Fujimoto, al. Disconnect Switch Induced Transients and Trapped Charge in Gas-Insulated Substation. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol.PAS～101, 1982, pp3593～3602
[10] 钟连宏，贺景亮. GIS暂态地电位升高的计算与分析. 高电压技术，2000，26（6）：43－45
[11] Europe EMTP User Group (EEUG), Alternative Transient Program(ATP). 1996
[12] 陈亚勇. MATLAB信号处理详解. 北京：人民邮电出版社，2001
[13] 伯晓晨，李涛，刘路. Matlab工具箱应用指南. 北京：电子工业出版社，2000
[14] 程佩. 数字信号处理教程. 北京：清华大学出版社，1994
[15] 张志涌. 精通MATLAB5.3. 北京：航空航天大学出版社，2000
[16] 尹泽明，丁春利. 精通MATLAB6. 北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[17] Gabor D. Thory of communication . J. IEE, 1946, 93: 429-457.
[18] Koenig R, Dunn H K, Lacy L Y. The sound spectrograph. J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., 1946, 18: 19-49
[19] Potter R K, Kopp G,Green H C. Visible speech. New York: Van Nostrand,1947
[20] Ville J. Theorie et applications de la notion de signal analytique . Cables et Transmission, 1948, 2A: 61-74
[21] L. 科恩（白居宪译）. 时频分析：理论与应用 . 西安：西安交通大学出版社，1998
[22] 邹红星，周小波，李衍达. 时频分析：回溯与前瞻. 电子学报，2000，28（9）：78-84
[23] 保铮, 孙晓兵. 时频平面分析非平稳信号的进展. 电子科技导报，1996，（4）：2-4
[24] 张绪省，孙金玮，赵新民. 用时频分析方法分析非平稳信号 [J]. 宇航计测技术，1995，15（5）：34-41
[25] P. Loughlin. Special Issue on Time-Frequency Analysis. Proc IEEE, 1996, 84(9)
[26] 徐立新，王伯翰. 非平稳信号分析在断路器故障诊断中的应用 [J]. 清华大学学报（自然科学版），1992，32（4）：48-57.
[27] 姜建国，等. 故障诊断学及其在电工中的应用 [M]. 北京：科学出版社，1995.
[28] YuHua Gu, Math H.J.Billen. Time-Frequency and Time-Scale Domain Analysis of Voltage Disturbances [J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 2000, 15(4): 1279-1283.
[29] 王国利，郝艳捧，贾志东，李彦明. 联合时频分析应用于局部放电信号处理的研究. 高电压技术，2001，27（3）：12-14.
[30] 王国利，郝艳捧，李彦明. 基于自适应谱的局部放电信号时频特征分析. 西安交通大学学报，2001，35（8）：790-794.
[31] 王猛，谈克雄，高文胜，郑重. 局部放电脉波形的时频联合分析特征提
[32] Oung H, Reid J M. The analysis of non-stationary Doppler spectrum using a modified Wigner-Ville distribution. In: Proc. Int. Conf. IEEE EMBS, 1990, 460-461.
[33] Sun M, Li C C,Sekhar L N, Sclabassi R J. Elimination of the cross-components of the discrete pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution via image processing. In: proc. IEEE ICASSP-89, 1989, 2230-2233.
[34] Auger F, Flandrin P. Improving the readability of time-frequency and time-scale representations by the reassignment method. IEEE Trans. Singal Processing, 1995, 43: 1068-1089.
[35] 彭玉华. 小波变换与工程应用. 北京：科学出版社，1999.
[36] L.Grcev, F.Dawalibi. An Electromagnetic Model for Transients in Grounding Systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol,5, No.4, November 1996, pp1773～1781
[37] J.Meppelink, K.Diederich, K.Feser. Very Fast Transients in GIS. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol,4, NO.1, Jannuary 1989, pp223～233
[38] T.Sakakibara, H.Murase, E.Haginomori. Study of Propagation Phenomena of Partial Discharge pulses in Gas Insulation Substation. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol,13, No.3, July 1998, pp768～775
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