内蒙古查干陶勒盖地区矿化蚀变遥感信息提取的研究与应用
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摘要
遥感技术是二十世纪末发展最为迅速的科学技术之一,是获取地球资源与环境信息的先进的有效的高新技术,它具有快速、经济、高效等特点,可以为交通不便,人迹罕至,自然条件差等地质研究程度不高的地区进行矿产资源勘察提供经济,便捷,有效的好方法,是目前地质学研究的重要课题之一。
作者在撰写论文过程中,认真搜集了研究区大量资料(包括地质矿产资料和卫星遥感资料),并对资料进行了详细的分类解析。在分析区内成矿环境与成矿条件后,对遥感数据进行了相应预处理、进而进行图像解译、分析研究区的构造与岩性,并绘制了研究区基础遥感影像图。然后运用主成分分析、比值分析等蚀变信息提取方法对研究区进行了详细的研究,尤其对区内铁染和泥化信息提取取得辽很好的效果。同时进一步应用地质、地球化学异常等综合信息进行综合研究,最后将所获得多种信息在MapGI6.7系统中集成,并分析总结,提出相应的五个找矿预测区,对该区找矿工作具有一定的指导意义。
Wall rock alteration is an important indication for exploitation, it is mean that the componential, ructural and tectonic change of the rock result from the temperature, hydrothermal and fizzwater.The ferriferous metallic minerals and alteration minerals which have OH-or CO32- . Most of endogenetic deposits have alteration phenomena of pyrite mineralization、sericitization、carbonatation etc, moreover because of hydrothermal ore-forming solution,, the region of alteration is bigger than that of deposit,this provide conditions for information extraction of alteration. Most of altered rocks have amount of Fe3+、OH-、CO32-. A mass test data of rocky spectrum proved that these ion have key reflecting or absorp bands from visible region to NIR, but the chemical constituent of rock-forming minerals (Si, Al, Mg, O) don't have the above spectral features, which constituted the physical foundation of alteration information extraction. Alteration information not only have spectral characteristics, but spatial characters. The spatial characteristics of alteration information means that the spatial distribution of alteration is controlled by structure, rock mass as well as other metallogenesis from geologic function aspect. The spatial characteristics of alteration are the basis of the interpretation of alteration information.
Inner Mongolia is important metallogenetic area of Fe-Cu-Pb-Zn-Au etc. in the Western China. The geotectonic place is among syntaxial place between the fold systems of Baikalides and Daxinanlin Mountains, the ore-formation orientation, magmatic activity, deposition, mineralization of structural lineament is controlled by the deep fault. The intrusive rocks occured widely in the area, and chiefly distributing in Chagantaolegai, and the late period result of the Mesozoic including plagiogranite、granodiorite、monzonitic granite etc, the alkali granite、monzonitic granite, quartz diorite of early Yanshan period; granite porphyry, beschtauite of Yanshan late period; as well as dioritoid vein, quartz vein fragmentarily. The strata and irruptive rocks were not deteriorated, but hydrothermal fluid alteration is partly intense, which are essential signs of mineral prospecting.
The content of Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn, Au, Ag, Mo etc. metal ones among more than twenty elements appearing in region of interest is higher and centralized partly. It has definite correlation with lithologic characteristic, structural feature of magmatic rock and lithologic characteristic of sedimentary rock through telement distribution of Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, alunite etc. mineralized in connection with magmatic activity in early Yanshan period, and Cu, Mo, Ag, Au etc. accompanying with semivolcanic taxite intently. Their metallogenetic country rock and mineral ore indicate compatibility in space. More metal mineral occurrences were discovered in this area, mainly scarn magnetite containing Cu, Zn in the west of LongLinShan, porphyry Au、Mo mine in Changling, chrysargyrite in Longlinshan, Au, Mo mine in the north of this religion etc.. We also discovered three large-scale size geochemical anomaly, which wereⅡgrade mining area in Longlin, Changlin, Halasheng.
Through structural interpretation, lithologic interpretation combined with geological information, ETM images in region of interest from USA land satellite were processed by remote sensing image processing software platform. Firstly, the author carried out image mosaic, geometric correction, image enhancement, band-ratio analysis, and so on, enhancing and interpreting a lot of tectonic and concealed rock of this area. Secondly, the author studied alterative rocks and wall rocks' spectrum characters and differences within ETM bands, hereby, the model to enhance and extract the remote sensing information of mineralized alteration was established, and the remote sensing infornation of mineralized alteration were extracted by the“ETM mask+principal analysis+band-ratio analysis’’. The author selected seven factors in favor of ore forming as the spatial information data resources. They are linear density anomaly of remote sensing, linear frequency anomaly of remote sensing, circular anomaly of remote sensing, geochemistry anomaly, geological anomaly and the known ore deposits (point). Finally, in the system of Map GIS 6.7, the author firstly integrated the geology map, remote sensing interpretation map, and mineralized alteration infomation map extracted from the remote sensing image, and analyzed synthetically the ore-forming geological background and the ore-controlling factors of this area, then utilizing GIS spatial analysis carries through synthetic analysis of multi-information made out the prospecting of ore-finding and confirmed five ore-finding forecast canes, which will be important instructing meaning to production and ore-finding in the future.
In a word, iron-stained alteration information in this area is intensive and mainly distributes in the south、west part、northeast of the reseach area,southern area among them is the largest and the most intensive one, which shows lumpy distribution in the closely axial region of Manzhouli anticlinorium belt and is NE extension. Argillation alteration information is few,distributes mainly in the southwest and the center, which shows apparent NE banded distribution. According to the result of alteration information extraction、the characteristic of linear programming and circular structure, the distributional characteristics of rock mass etc compositive remote-sensed information establish three remote-sensed metallogenic prediction units, which consist in the south, west, northeast of the reseach area. Excavate the metallogenetic condition and metallogenetic characteristic of the prognostic units adequately, providing technical base for the investigation of mineral resources in the researching area.
作者在撰写论文过程中,认真搜集了研究区大量资料(包括地质矿产资料和卫星遥感资料),并对资料进行了详细的分类解析。在分析区内成矿环境与成矿条件后,对遥感数据进行了相应预处理、进而进行图像解译、分析研究区的构造与岩性,并绘制了研究区基础遥感影像图。然后运用主成分分析、比值分析等蚀变信息提取方法对研究区进行了详细的研究,尤其对区内铁染和泥化信息提取取得辽很好的效果。同时进一步应用地质、地球化学异常等综合信息进行综合研究,最后将所获得多种信息在MapGI6.7系统中集成,并分析总结,提出相应的五个找矿预测区,对该区找矿工作具有一定的指导意义。
Wall rock alteration is an important indication for exploitation, it is mean that the componential, ructural and tectonic change of the rock result from the temperature, hydrothermal and fizzwater.The ferriferous metallic minerals and alteration minerals which have OH-or CO32- . Most of endogenetic deposits have alteration phenomena of pyrite mineralization、sericitization、carbonatation etc, moreover because of hydrothermal ore-forming solution,, the region of alteration is bigger than that of deposit,this provide conditions for information extraction of alteration. Most of altered rocks have amount of Fe3+、OH-、CO32-. A mass test data of rocky spectrum proved that these ion have key reflecting or absorp bands from visible region to NIR, but the chemical constituent of rock-forming minerals (Si, Al, Mg, O) don't have the above spectral features, which constituted the physical foundation of alteration information extraction. Alteration information not only have spectral characteristics, but spatial characters. The spatial characteristics of alteration information means that the spatial distribution of alteration is controlled by structure, rock mass as well as other metallogenesis from geologic function aspect. The spatial characteristics of alteration are the basis of the interpretation of alteration information.
Inner Mongolia is important metallogenetic area of Fe-Cu-Pb-Zn-Au etc. in the Western China. The geotectonic place is among syntaxial place between the fold systems of Baikalides and Daxinanlin Mountains, the ore-formation orientation, magmatic activity, deposition, mineralization of structural lineament is controlled by the deep fault. The intrusive rocks occured widely in the area, and chiefly distributing in Chagantaolegai, and the late period result of the Mesozoic including plagiogranite、granodiorite、monzonitic granite etc, the alkali granite、monzonitic granite, quartz diorite of early Yanshan period; granite porphyry, beschtauite of Yanshan late period; as well as dioritoid vein, quartz vein fragmentarily. The strata and irruptive rocks were not deteriorated, but hydrothermal fluid alteration is partly intense, which are essential signs of mineral prospecting.
The content of Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn, Au, Ag, Mo etc. metal ones among more than twenty elements appearing in region of interest is higher and centralized partly. It has definite correlation with lithologic characteristic, structural feature of magmatic rock and lithologic characteristic of sedimentary rock through telement distribution of Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, alunite etc. mineralized in connection with magmatic activity in early Yanshan period, and Cu, Mo, Ag, Au etc. accompanying with semivolcanic taxite intently. Their metallogenetic country rock and mineral ore indicate compatibility in space. More metal mineral occurrences were discovered in this area, mainly scarn magnetite containing Cu, Zn in the west of LongLinShan, porphyry Au、Mo mine in Changling, chrysargyrite in Longlinshan, Au, Mo mine in the north of this religion etc.. We also discovered three large-scale size geochemical anomaly, which wereⅡgrade mining area in Longlin, Changlin, Halasheng.
Through structural interpretation, lithologic interpretation combined with geological information, ETM images in region of interest from USA land satellite were processed by remote sensing image processing software platform. Firstly, the author carried out image mosaic, geometric correction, image enhancement, band-ratio analysis, and so on, enhancing and interpreting a lot of tectonic and concealed rock of this area. Secondly, the author studied alterative rocks and wall rocks' spectrum characters and differences within ETM bands, hereby, the model to enhance and extract the remote sensing information of mineralized alteration was established, and the remote sensing infornation of mineralized alteration were extracted by the“ETM mask+principal analysis+band-ratio analysis’’. The author selected seven factors in favor of ore forming as the spatial information data resources. They are linear density anomaly of remote sensing, linear frequency anomaly of remote sensing, circular anomaly of remote sensing, geochemistry anomaly, geological anomaly and the known ore deposits (point). Finally, in the system of Map GIS 6.7, the author firstly integrated the geology map, remote sensing interpretation map, and mineralized alteration infomation map extracted from the remote sensing image, and analyzed synthetically the ore-forming geological background and the ore-controlling factors of this area, then utilizing GIS spatial analysis carries through synthetic analysis of multi-information made out the prospecting of ore-finding and confirmed five ore-finding forecast canes, which will be important instructing meaning to production and ore-finding in the future.
In a word, iron-stained alteration information in this area is intensive and mainly distributes in the south、west part、northeast of the reseach area,southern area among them is the largest and the most intensive one, which shows lumpy distribution in the closely axial region of Manzhouli anticlinorium belt and is NE extension. Argillation alteration information is few,distributes mainly in the southwest and the center, which shows apparent NE banded distribution. According to the result of alteration information extraction、the characteristic of linear programming and circular structure, the distributional characteristics of rock mass etc compositive remote-sensed information establish three remote-sensed metallogenic prediction units, which consist in the south, west, northeast of the reseach area. Excavate the metallogenetic condition and metallogenetic characteristic of the prognostic units adequately, providing technical base for the investigation of mineral resources in the researching area.
引文
[1]陈淳福,梁有彬.内生金矿床围岩蚀变及其找矿意义.地质找矿论丛.1995(3)63-70.
[2]张瑞忠等.内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市查干陶勒盖等四幅1:5万区域矿产调查报告.[2005]矿调1—4.黑龙江省有色金属地质勘查七0六队2005.
[3]燕君等.矿产信息的遥感地面模式.地质出版社,1993 2 55-58.
[4]赵元洪.波段比值的主成份复合在热液蚀变信息提取中的应用.国土资源遥感,1991 (3):12—16.
[5]何国金,胡德永,陈志军.从ETM图像中直接提取金矿化信息.遥感技术与应用,1995,10 (3):51—54.
[6]马建文.利用ETM数据快速提取含矿蚀变带方法研究.遥感学报,1997,1(3):208—213.
[7]张远飞,吴健生.基于遥感图像提取矿化蚀变信息.有色金属矿产与勘查,1999,8(6):604—606.
[8]刘庆生,燕守勋,马超飞.内蒙哈达门沟金矿区山前钾化带遥感信息提取.1999,14(3):7—11.
[9]刘素红,马建文,蔺启忠.通过Gram-Schmidt投影方法在高山区提取ETM数据中含矿蚀变带信息.地质与勘探,2000,36(5):62—65.
[10]刘成,王丹丽,李笑梅.用混合像元线性模型提取中等植被覆盖区的粘土蚀变信息.地质找矿论,2003,18(2):131—137.
[11]Anuta P E. Computer assisted analysis techniques for remote sensing data interpretation[J].Geophysics,1977.42:191-217.
[12]Loughlin W P. Principal component analysis for alteration the 8th The matic conference on Geologic Remote of mapping[A].in:ProcEdings sensing[C].Denver,USA, 1991,193-306.
[13]D.Rokos etc Structural Analysis for Gold mineralization Using Remote Sensing and Geochemical Techniques in a GIS Environment:Island of Lesvos,Hellas. Natural Resources Research, 2000,9(4),101—105.
[14]Timothy M.Kusky,Talaat M.Ramdadan.Structural controls on Neoprotero zoicmineralization in the South Eastern Desert , Egypt:anintegrated field, LandsatETM,and SIR-C/X SAR aaoroach.Journal of African Earth Sciences,2002(35)107-121.
[15]赵玉灵.遥感找矿模型的研究进展与评述.国土资源遥感,2003,9,1-4.
[16]易善帧.ETM数据预处理及东坪地区蚀变信息提取方法研究.遥感技术与应用,1994.16-21.
[17]吕凤军,刑立新,范建璋等.遥感蚀变信息提取应用研究新疆地质,2004,22(4):35-437.
[18]杨波,吴德文,陈云浩等.矿化信息提取的混合蚀变遥感模型.国土资源遥感2005,1,20-26.
[19]荆风,陈建平.矿化蚀变信息的遥感提取方法综述.国土资源遥感,2005,2,62-65.
[20]王海平,张彤.基于遥感视反射率图像的矿化信息识别及其应用.地球学报,2005,26(3):83-89.
[21]詹玉军,彭华.古决口扇的ETM影像弱信息提取技术.咸宁学院学报,2003,23(6):1-83.
[22]Exzmah,热液矿床详细构造预测[M],北京,地质出版社,1982.
[23]刘春学.个旧锡矿区高松矿川综合信息成矿预测.昆明理工大学,博士论文,2002.6.
[24]李东.内蒙古北山地区矿化蚀变遥感异常提取研究与应用[D].北京:地球科学学院,2008 [25宋明辉.内蒙苏尼特左旗地区蚀变遥感信息提取研究[D].吉林:地球探测科学与技术学院,2007.
[26]吕凤军.遥感蚀变信息场及其应用研究[D].吉林:综合信息矿产预测研究所,2006.
[27]魏文新.遥感数据与化探数据融合及应用研究[D].吉林:地球探测科学与技术学院,2007.
[28]张满郎.金矿化蚀变信息提取中的主成份分析遥感技术与应用1996,11(3),1-6.
[29]平仲良.从陆地卫星ETM数据提取胶东某地区某类型金矿的围岩蚀变信息,国土资源遥感,1993,4,42-45.
[30]朱嘉伟,张天义,盛吉虎.金矿化遥感异常信息自动提取方法研究及其应用.国土资源遥感1996,4,45-50.
[31]甘甫平.遥感岩矿信息提取基础与技术方法研究.中国地大(北京)博士论文,2001,1-4.
[32]赵玉灵.遥感找矿模型的研究进展与评述.国土资源遥感2003,9,1-4.
[33]易善帧.ETM数据预处理及东坪地区蚀变信息提取方法研究,遥感技术与应用1994,16-21
[34]杨波,吴德文,陈云浩等.矿化信息提取的混合蚀变遥感模型.国土资源遥感2005,1,20-26.
[35]荆风,陈建平.矿化蚀变信息的遥感提取方法综述.2005,2,62-65
[36]王海平,张彤.基于遥感视反射率图像的矿化信息识别及其应用.地球学报,2005,26(3)283-289.
[37]张玉君,曾朝铭,陈薇.TM(ETM)蚀变遥感异常提取方法研究与应用——方法选择和技术流程.国土资源遥感.2003,2,44-50.
[2]张瑞忠等.内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市查干陶勒盖等四幅1:5万区域矿产调查报告.[2005]矿调1—4.黑龙江省有色金属地质勘查七0六队2005.
[3]燕君等.矿产信息的遥感地面模式.地质出版社,1993 2 55-58.
[4]赵元洪.波段比值的主成份复合在热液蚀变信息提取中的应用.国土资源遥感,1991 (3):12—16.
[5]何国金,胡德永,陈志军.从ETM图像中直接提取金矿化信息.遥感技术与应用,1995,10 (3):51—54.
[6]马建文.利用ETM数据快速提取含矿蚀变带方法研究.遥感学报,1997,1(3):208—213.
[7]张远飞,吴健生.基于遥感图像提取矿化蚀变信息.有色金属矿产与勘查,1999,8(6):604—606.
[8]刘庆生,燕守勋,马超飞.内蒙哈达门沟金矿区山前钾化带遥感信息提取.1999,14(3):7—11.
[9]刘素红,马建文,蔺启忠.通过Gram-Schmidt投影方法在高山区提取ETM数据中含矿蚀变带信息.地质与勘探,2000,36(5):62—65.
[10]刘成,王丹丽,李笑梅.用混合像元线性模型提取中等植被覆盖区的粘土蚀变信息.地质找矿论,2003,18(2):131—137.
[11]Anuta P E. Computer assisted analysis techniques for remote sensing data interpretation[J].Geophysics,1977.42:191-217.
[12]Loughlin W P. Principal component analysis for alteration the 8th The matic conference on Geologic Remote of mapping[A].in:ProcEdings sensing[C].Denver,USA, 1991,193-306.
[13]D.Rokos etc Structural Analysis for Gold mineralization Using Remote Sensing and Geochemical Techniques in a GIS Environment:Island of Lesvos,Hellas. Natural Resources Research, 2000,9(4),101—105.
[14]Timothy M.Kusky,Talaat M.Ramdadan.Structural controls on Neoprotero zoicmineralization in the South Eastern Desert , Egypt:anintegrated field, LandsatETM,and SIR-C/X SAR aaoroach.Journal of African Earth Sciences,2002(35)107-121.
[15]赵玉灵.遥感找矿模型的研究进展与评述.国土资源遥感,2003,9,1-4.
[16]易善帧.ETM数据预处理及东坪地区蚀变信息提取方法研究.遥感技术与应用,1994.16-21.
[17]吕凤军,刑立新,范建璋等.遥感蚀变信息提取应用研究新疆地质,2004,22(4):35-437.
[18]杨波,吴德文,陈云浩等.矿化信息提取的混合蚀变遥感模型.国土资源遥感2005,1,20-26.
[19]荆风,陈建平.矿化蚀变信息的遥感提取方法综述.国土资源遥感,2005,2,62-65.
[20]王海平,张彤.基于遥感视反射率图像的矿化信息识别及其应用.地球学报,2005,26(3):83-89.
[21]詹玉军,彭华.古决口扇的ETM影像弱信息提取技术.咸宁学院学报,2003,23(6):1-83.
[22]Exzmah,热液矿床详细构造预测[M],北京,地质出版社,1982.
[23]刘春学.个旧锡矿区高松矿川综合信息成矿预测.昆明理工大学,博士论文,2002.6.
[24]李东.内蒙古北山地区矿化蚀变遥感异常提取研究与应用[D].北京:地球科学学院,2008 [25宋明辉.内蒙苏尼特左旗地区蚀变遥感信息提取研究[D].吉林:地球探测科学与技术学院,2007.
[26]吕凤军.遥感蚀变信息场及其应用研究[D].吉林:综合信息矿产预测研究所,2006.
[27]魏文新.遥感数据与化探数据融合及应用研究[D].吉林:地球探测科学与技术学院,2007.
[28]张满郎.金矿化蚀变信息提取中的主成份分析遥感技术与应用1996,11(3),1-6.
[29]平仲良.从陆地卫星ETM数据提取胶东某地区某类型金矿的围岩蚀变信息,国土资源遥感,1993,4,42-45.
[30]朱嘉伟,张天义,盛吉虎.金矿化遥感异常信息自动提取方法研究及其应用.国土资源遥感1996,4,45-50.
[31]甘甫平.遥感岩矿信息提取基础与技术方法研究.中国地大(北京)博士论文,2001,1-4.
[32]赵玉灵.遥感找矿模型的研究进展与评述.国土资源遥感2003,9,1-4.
[33]易善帧.ETM数据预处理及东坪地区蚀变信息提取方法研究,遥感技术与应用1994,16-21
[34]杨波,吴德文,陈云浩等.矿化信息提取的混合蚀变遥感模型.国土资源遥感2005,1,20-26.
[35]荆风,陈建平.矿化蚀变信息的遥感提取方法综述.2005,2,62-65
[36]王海平,张彤.基于遥感视反射率图像的矿化信息识别及其应用.地球学报,2005,26(3)283-289.
[37]张玉君,曾朝铭,陈薇.TM(ETM)蚀变遥感异常提取方法研究与应用——方法选择和技术流程.国土资源遥感.2003,2,44-50.