地毯簇绒机纱线牵引运动机理研究
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摘要
地毯簇绒机纱线牵引运动机理的研究对于理解和发现地毯生产过程中的问题十分关键。在纱线牵引过程中又以研究纱线张力变化为核心,牵引罗拉牵引纱线的过程就是一个调节纱线张力的过程。本文针对齿形牵引罗拉对纱线的牵引过程,重点研究了纱线在进入以及离开齿形牵引罗拉的过程中纱线张力的变化情况。主要研究内容有：
(1)通过实验得到常用的地毯簇绒纱线尼龙S捻、尼龙Z捻和丙纶纱线的蠕变以及松弛曲线。根据实验曲线可以确定纱线并非弹性体,并提出纱线为粘弹性体的假设。另外还由实验曲线知在不同拉力大小下纱线表现出不同的性质。
(2)通过在有限元分析软件ANSYS中利用其内置的粘弹性体的模型对纱线实验得到的曲线进行仿真拟合。由蠕变实验计算得到的参数输入ANSYS粘弹性体中进行松弛仿真,把仿真结果与纱线松弛实验得到的曲线进行比较,基本上能够确定纱线的粘弹性性质。
(3)应用几何分析方法,根据牵引罗拉牵引纱线时的截面的平而几何关系推导纱线与齿形牵引罗拉间的包围角关系式,根据关系式分析15°循环周期内纱线在牵引罗拉上包围角的变化；分析得出影响包围角的因素主要为牵引罗拉的中心距；据此公式可以指导工艺调整。
(4)利用多体动力学分析软件RecurDyn对牵引罗拉牵引纱线进行仿真分析。首先利用柔性衬套工具给出了纱线的计算机仿真模型；通过分析发现纱线在牵引罗拉齿上是一种既滚动又滑动的运动；接着分析了纱线、牵引罗拉的运动过程,发现从动罗拉以变角速度运动,主动罗拉与从动罗拉间不是以等角度转动;最后分析纱线张力的变化关系,并拟合出了纱线在输入端与输出端的张力关系,对经过一个齿以及多个齿的纱线张力进行拟合的曲线分别为：T出=T入·e-.30221·x+0.117375和T出=T入·e-0.3655x+0.3,基本符合欧拉公式。
Mechanism research of drafting yarns for carpet tufting machine is very important to understand and discover problems in the process of producing tufted carpet. Research of yarn tension is the core of drafting yarns in the process and drafting yarns by drafting rollers is actually a process of adjusting yarn tension. This paper takes the gear-like drafting rollers as research object to highlight the yarn tension variation between the input and output part of drafting rollers of yarns. The main contents of this paper are as follows:
(1) Obtain the creep deformation and relaxation curve of common used yarns such as Nylon S twist, Nylon Z twist and polypropylene by experiment. According to the curve it can be said that yarns are not elastomer and a hypothesis is made that yarns are viscoelastic material. Furthermore, it can be obtained that yarn characteristics are different when drag force is at different level.
(2) Calculating the fitting curve to fit the experiment curve using the built-in model of ANSYS software. Simulating yarn relaxation in ANSYS using parameters obtained from yarn creep deformation experiment curve and compare the two relaxation curve, according to the curves it can be said that yarns are viscoelastic material.
(3) Deduce the relational expression of wrap angle between yarn and drafting roller based on the geometrical relationship of section of yarn and drafting roller and analyze the variation of wrap angle during one cycle of the rotating drafting roller.
(4) Simulate the yarn stress when yarn is drafted by drafting roller using multi-body analysis software RecurDyn. First, the yarn model for simulating in computer is given using the bushing tool; through analysis it is found that movement of yarn on the roller is a compound movement of roll and slide；then the movement process of yarn and roller is analyzed；at last,change of yarn tension is analyzed and yarn tension at input and output of rollers are fitted with a function and the results are T出=T入·e-0.30221·x+0.117375 and T出=T入·e-0.3655·x+0.3, they fit Euler's formula well.
(1)通过实验得到常用的地毯簇绒纱线尼龙S捻、尼龙Z捻和丙纶纱线的蠕变以及松弛曲线。根据实验曲线可以确定纱线并非弹性体,并提出纱线为粘弹性体的假设。另外还由实验曲线知在不同拉力大小下纱线表现出不同的性质。
(2)通过在有限元分析软件ANSYS中利用其内置的粘弹性体的模型对纱线实验得到的曲线进行仿真拟合。由蠕变实验计算得到的参数输入ANSYS粘弹性体中进行松弛仿真,把仿真结果与纱线松弛实验得到的曲线进行比较,基本上能够确定纱线的粘弹性性质。
(3)应用几何分析方法,根据牵引罗拉牵引纱线时的截面的平而几何关系推导纱线与齿形牵引罗拉间的包围角关系式,根据关系式分析15°循环周期内纱线在牵引罗拉上包围角的变化；分析得出影响包围角的因素主要为牵引罗拉的中心距；据此公式可以指导工艺调整。
(4)利用多体动力学分析软件RecurDyn对牵引罗拉牵引纱线进行仿真分析。首先利用柔性衬套工具给出了纱线的计算机仿真模型；通过分析发现纱线在牵引罗拉齿上是一种既滚动又滑动的运动；接着分析了纱线、牵引罗拉的运动过程,发现从动罗拉以变角速度运动,主动罗拉与从动罗拉间不是以等角度转动;最后分析纱线张力的变化关系,并拟合出了纱线在输入端与输出端的张力关系,对经过一个齿以及多个齿的纱线张力进行拟合的曲线分别为：T出=T入·e-.30221·x+0.117375和T出=T入·e-0.3655x+0.3,基本符合欧拉公式。
Mechanism research of drafting yarns for carpet tufting machine is very important to understand and discover problems in the process of producing tufted carpet. Research of yarn tension is the core of drafting yarns in the process and drafting yarns by drafting rollers is actually a process of adjusting yarn tension. This paper takes the gear-like drafting rollers as research object to highlight the yarn tension variation between the input and output part of drafting rollers of yarns. The main contents of this paper are as follows:
(1) Obtain the creep deformation and relaxation curve of common used yarns such as Nylon S twist, Nylon Z twist and polypropylene by experiment. According to the curve it can be said that yarns are not elastomer and a hypothesis is made that yarns are viscoelastic material. Furthermore, it can be obtained that yarn characteristics are different when drag force is at different level.
(2) Calculating the fitting curve to fit the experiment curve using the built-in model of ANSYS software. Simulating yarn relaxation in ANSYS using parameters obtained from yarn creep deformation experiment curve and compare the two relaxation curve, according to the curves it can be said that yarns are viscoelastic material.
(3) Deduce the relational expression of wrap angle between yarn and drafting roller based on the geometrical relationship of section of yarn and drafting roller and analyze the variation of wrap angle during one cycle of the rotating drafting roller.
(4) Simulate the yarn stress when yarn is drafted by drafting roller using multi-body analysis software RecurDyn. First, the yarn model for simulating in computer is given using the bushing tool; through analysis it is found that movement of yarn on the roller is a compound movement of roll and slide；then the movement process of yarn and roller is analyzed；at last,change of yarn tension is analyzed and yarn tension at input and output of rollers are fitted with a function and the results are T出=T入·e-0.30221·x+0.117375 and T出=T入·e-0.3655·x+0.3, they fit Euler's formula well.
引文
[1]C. Edward Hayes著,金磊译.世界地毯需求呈增长趋势[J].产业用纺织品.200701：39-43
[2]郑金涛.中国机制地毯进入有序发展轨道[J].纺织服装周刊,2006,07：42
[3]刘欢胜.簇绒地毯技术的发展现状[J].北京纺织,2002,23(3)：7-10
[4]刘玉莉,钱以宏.国内地毯业的现状及PTT地毯产品前景分析[J].合成纤维.2002,03：14-17.
[5]戴钧明,黄象安,陈国斌.地毯业现状与发展前景[J].国际纺织导报.1999,02：14-16.
[6]韩飞,周卫东.国内外地毯业的现状和发展动向[J].合成纤维工业.1999,04：36-39.
[7]房新华.宽幅丙纶针刺圈绒地毯的研制和开发[J].非织造布.1999,03：35-36.
[8]ZHAO Yue, DAI Huiliang. Advanced tufted carpet patterning technology. Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A,20067 (3):374-377.
[9]朱苏康,高卫东.机织学[M].北京：中国纺织出版社.2004：26-33.
[10]Crumbliss T. Carpet manufacturing technology—latest developments in carpet tufting technology [J]. Carpet Manufacturing,2000 (8):15-16.
[11]于修业.纺纱原理.中国纺织出版社.1995：106-110.
[12]Warren Meade, Research Leader. Recent Progress in Carpet Technology. Wool Research Organization of New Zealand.2002.
[13][14]薛士鑫.机制地毯[M].北京：化学工业出版社.2003：320-352.
[15][16]吴予群,魏春霞.棉纺牵伸系统的进步[J].棉纺织技术.2006(11)：22-25.
[17]周廷泽,孟婥,孙菁菁,孙以泽.地毯簇绒装备的类齿轮特殊罗拉纱线牵引装置.东华大学学报(自然科学版),2003(2)：171-174.
[18]Pile yarn feeding device for a tufting machine. Publication number:0279580. Pub Date: 1981.08.24.
[19]John D Griffith. Tuft feeding mechanism. ZA. D03D. ZA200308828.2004 (12)
[20]Pull Roll System for Tufting Machine. Patent NO.:US 6725789 B1, Date of Patent:Apr.27,2004.
[21]Г.Н.库金,А.Н.索洛维耶夫,А.И.科良科夫.纺织纤维和纱线[M].纺织工业出版社.1992：23-25.
[22]吴坚.浅析丙纶市场及生产[J].扬子石油化工.1993(4)：53-56.
[23]R.J.赫恩南德兹,S.E.M.塞尔克,J.D.卡尔特[M].塑料包装—性能、加工、应用、条例.化学工业出版社.2004.
[24]王彦广.化学与人类文明[M].浙江大学出版社.2001.
[25]陈人哲.纱线力学问题[M].北京：纺织工业出版社.1991：40-60.
[26]于伟东,储才元.纺织物理[M].上海：东华大学出版社.2002.
[27]宋江超,梁方阁,石风俊.纱线蠕变性能研究[J].国外丝绸.2007(4)：4-6.
[28]姚穆,周锦芳,黄淑珍,邵礼宏,安瑞凤.纺织材料学[M].中国纺织出版社.1980.
[29]宋江超,梁方阁,石风俊.纱线的应力松弛性能[J].纺织学报.2007(6)：40-42.
[30]薛文良,程隆棣,梁方阁.喷气涡流纺纱线的松弛机理分析.国际纺织导报.2008(7)：28-30.
[31]周光泉,刘孝敏.粘弹性理论[M].合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社.1996
[32]宋湛华等.纱线强力与伸长率测试及其应用[M].北京：中国纺织出版社.1995
[33]Progelhof, Richard C., and J.L.Throne, Polymer Engineering Principles-Properties, Processes, Tests for Design, Hanser Publishers,1993.
[34]ANSYS Element Reference, General Element Features,2.5. Data Tables-Implicit Analysis,2.5.8 Creep Equations.
[35]Rosen, Stephen L., Fundamental Principles of Polymeric Materials, Barnes and Nobel, Inc,1971, pp.214-218.
[36]Ferry, John D., Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers,3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons,1980, pp 15-18.
[37]Chanda Manas, and R. K. Salil, Plastics Technology Handbook, Marcel Decker, 1987, pp 200-203.
[38]Gravelle, Shane R., K.J. Amberge, and D.A. Woodford, "Creep Analysis of a Thermoplastic Using Stress Relaxation Measurements, Materials & Design, v16,1 p 15-21, Publisher:Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd, Oxford, England, ISSN: 0264-1275,1995.
[39]Dougherty, David J.,1996 ANSYS International Conference Proceedings, "Thermoplastic Creep Analysis Using Resin Manufacturer's Creep Modulus Data for Thermoplastic Joints, "Pittsburgh, PA May 20-22,1996, pp 1.359-1.370.
[40]Trantina, G.G, Creep Analysis of Polymer Structures, Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol 26, No.11, June,1986, pp776-780.
[41]聂毓洪,袁斌钰.环锭纱加捻及其拉伸强力.纺织学报.2006(6)：81-83.
[42]倪中秀.浅析纱线捻向对织物性能影响.安徽纺织.1999(2)：7-8.
[43]Miao Menghe, Cheng Renzhe. Yarn twisting dynamics. Textile Research Journal[J].1993,63 (3):150-158
[44]刘荣清.纱线加捻与产品开发.上海纺织科技.2003(1)：55-56.
[45]吴震世.论曲面上纱线的导向与纱线张力.纺织科学研究,1997(1)：37-47.
[46]姜怀,缪元吉.广义欧拉公式及其应用[J].中国纺织大学学报.1986,14(4)：98-102.
[47]李瑞涛,方湄,张文明.虚拟样机技术的概念及应用. 机电一体化,2000 (5).
[48]李海军,杨兆建.Adams中钢丝绳索类物体建模方法研究.机械管理开发,2007(4)：4-7.
[49]贾志宏,周克栋.滑轮-绳索机构建模方法研究.制造业信息化.2007(3)：74-75.
[50]周炜,易建军,郑建荣.ADAMS软件中绳索类物体的一种建模方法.现代制造工程,2004(5)：38-39.
[51]王得胜,孔德文,赵克利. 机械式矿用挖掘机钢丝绳在MSC-Adams中的建模方法.计算机辅助工程.2006：364-366.
[2]郑金涛.中国机制地毯进入有序发展轨道[J].纺织服装周刊,2006,07：42
[3]刘欢胜.簇绒地毯技术的发展现状[J].北京纺织,2002,23(3)：7-10
[4]刘玉莉,钱以宏.国内地毯业的现状及PTT地毯产品前景分析[J].合成纤维.2002,03：14-17.
[5]戴钧明,黄象安,陈国斌.地毯业现状与发展前景[J].国际纺织导报.1999,02：14-16.
[6]韩飞,周卫东.国内外地毯业的现状和发展动向[J].合成纤维工业.1999,04：36-39.
[7]房新华.宽幅丙纶针刺圈绒地毯的研制和开发[J].非织造布.1999,03：35-36.
[8]ZHAO Yue, DAI Huiliang. Advanced tufted carpet patterning technology. Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A,20067 (3):374-377.
[9]朱苏康,高卫东.机织学[M].北京：中国纺织出版社.2004：26-33.
[10]Crumbliss T. Carpet manufacturing technology—latest developments in carpet tufting technology [J]. Carpet Manufacturing,2000 (8):15-16.
[11]于修业.纺纱原理.中国纺织出版社.1995：106-110.
[12]Warren Meade, Research Leader. Recent Progress in Carpet Technology. Wool Research Organization of New Zealand.2002.
[13][14]薛士鑫.机制地毯[M].北京：化学工业出版社.2003：320-352.
[15][16]吴予群,魏春霞.棉纺牵伸系统的进步[J].棉纺织技术.2006(11)：22-25.
[17]周廷泽,孟婥,孙菁菁,孙以泽.地毯簇绒装备的类齿轮特殊罗拉纱线牵引装置.东华大学学报(自然科学版),2003(2)：171-174.
[18]Pile yarn feeding device for a tufting machine. Publication number:0279580. Pub Date: 1981.08.24.
[19]John D Griffith. Tuft feeding mechanism. ZA. D03D. ZA200308828.2004 (12)
[20]Pull Roll System for Tufting Machine. Patent NO.:US 6725789 B1, Date of Patent:Apr.27,2004.
[21]Г.Н.库金,А.Н.索洛维耶夫,А.И.科良科夫.纺织纤维和纱线[M].纺织工业出版社.1992：23-25.
[22]吴坚.浅析丙纶市场及生产[J].扬子石油化工.1993(4)：53-56.
[23]R.J.赫恩南德兹,S.E.M.塞尔克,J.D.卡尔特[M].塑料包装—性能、加工、应用、条例.化学工业出版社.2004.
[24]王彦广.化学与人类文明[M].浙江大学出版社.2001.
[25]陈人哲.纱线力学问题[M].北京：纺织工业出版社.1991：40-60.
[26]于伟东,储才元.纺织物理[M].上海：东华大学出版社.2002.
[27]宋江超,梁方阁,石风俊.纱线蠕变性能研究[J].国外丝绸.2007(4)：4-6.
[28]姚穆,周锦芳,黄淑珍,邵礼宏,安瑞凤.纺织材料学[M].中国纺织出版社.1980.
[29]宋江超,梁方阁,石风俊.纱线的应力松弛性能[J].纺织学报.2007(6)：40-42.
[30]薛文良,程隆棣,梁方阁.喷气涡流纺纱线的松弛机理分析.国际纺织导报.2008(7)：28-30.
[31]周光泉,刘孝敏.粘弹性理论[M].合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社.1996
[32]宋湛华等.纱线强力与伸长率测试及其应用[M].北京：中国纺织出版社.1995
[33]Progelhof, Richard C., and J.L.Throne, Polymer Engineering Principles-Properties, Processes, Tests for Design, Hanser Publishers,1993.
[34]ANSYS Element Reference, General Element Features,2.5. Data Tables-Implicit Analysis,2.5.8 Creep Equations.
[35]Rosen, Stephen L., Fundamental Principles of Polymeric Materials, Barnes and Nobel, Inc,1971, pp.214-218.
[36]Ferry, John D., Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers,3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons,1980, pp 15-18.
[37]Chanda Manas, and R. K. Salil, Plastics Technology Handbook, Marcel Decker, 1987, pp 200-203.
[38]Gravelle, Shane R., K.J. Amberge, and D.A. Woodford, "Creep Analysis of a Thermoplastic Using Stress Relaxation Measurements, Materials & Design, v16,1 p 15-21, Publisher:Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd, Oxford, England, ISSN: 0264-1275,1995.
[39]Dougherty, David J.,1996 ANSYS International Conference Proceedings, "Thermoplastic Creep Analysis Using Resin Manufacturer's Creep Modulus Data for Thermoplastic Joints, "Pittsburgh, PA May 20-22,1996, pp 1.359-1.370.
[40]Trantina, G.G, Creep Analysis of Polymer Structures, Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol 26, No.11, June,1986, pp776-780.
[41]聂毓洪,袁斌钰.环锭纱加捻及其拉伸强力.纺织学报.2006(6)：81-83.
[42]倪中秀.浅析纱线捻向对织物性能影响.安徽纺织.1999(2)：7-8.
[43]Miao Menghe, Cheng Renzhe. Yarn twisting dynamics. Textile Research Journal[J].1993,63 (3):150-158
[44]刘荣清.纱线加捻与产品开发.上海纺织科技.2003(1)：55-56.
[45]吴震世.论曲面上纱线的导向与纱线张力.纺织科学研究,1997(1)：37-47.
[46]姜怀,缪元吉.广义欧拉公式及其应用[J].中国纺织大学学报.1986,14(4)：98-102.
[47]李瑞涛,方湄,张文明.虚拟样机技术的概念及应用. 机电一体化,2000 (5).
[48]李海军,杨兆建.Adams中钢丝绳索类物体建模方法研究.机械管理开发,2007(4)：4-7.
[49]贾志宏,周克栋.滑轮-绳索机构建模方法研究.制造业信息化.2007(3)：74-75.
[50]周炜,易建军,郑建荣.ADAMS软件中绳索类物体的一种建模方法.现代制造工程,2004(5)：38-39.
[51]王得胜,孔德文,赵克利. 机械式矿用挖掘机钢丝绳在MSC-Adams中的建模方法.计算机辅助工程.2006：364-366.