低渗透裂隙介质渗透特征评价技术及其应用研究
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摘要
高放废物地质处置研究的需要使得低渗透介质水文地质学受到越来越多的关注。充分理解低渗透介质,尤其是裂隙介质的水文地质特征尤为重要。本论文以我国高放废物深地质处置预选区环境水文地质特征为基础,结合我国高放废物地质处置研究进展和现状,运用数值模拟技术、同位素技术、地球物理测量技术、现场水文地质试验技术等先进的综合技术手段,在系统科学思想的指导下,研究深部环境裂隙构造空间结构特征描述技术,探究适合于低渗透裂隙介质水文地质特征评价的新技术新方法,为我国高放废物地质处置选址和场址性能评价提供技术支持。主要研究内容和成果如下:
(1)裂隙介质的渗透空间结构描述是低渗透裂隙介质水文地质特征研究的重要内容。本文从裂隙调查入手,改进了传统的岩心裂隙编录技术,建立基线-三点法岩心裂隙编录新方法,并在现场裂隙调查中进行了广泛的应用。将高分辨率钻孔超声波电视测量技术应用到深部环境裂隙构造空间结构特征研究中,建立了钻孔电视测量技术方法,取得了良好的效果。应用实践表明,钻孔超声波电视测量技术具有分辨率高,精度高,测量速度快,数据分析解译手段先进等特点,是研究地下深部裂隙构造特征最直接最有效的方法之一。
(2)根据北山预选区的环境水文地质条件,从国外定制了一套双栓塞水文地质试验系统,开展低渗透裂隙介质若干水文地质特征参数测量研究,建立起双栓塞水文地质试验技术,其主要内容包括先进可靠的试验设备、试验设计、试验准备、现场实施和数据综合分析等。利用双栓塞封隔技术,在甘肃北山预选区分层采集到了深部原状地下水样品。水样品分析结果显示采自钻孔深部的地下水氚含量为0,未检测到CFC。这表明深部地下水年龄较老,在50年以上,不参与现代水循环。这是首次在北山预选区获得的不含氚的深部地下水样品,为开展深部地下水环境特征研究和场址特性评价提供了宝贵的数据。
(3)在充分比较研究了已有水文地质试验技术方法的基础上,提出用双栓塞斯拉格试验技术,即双栓塞斯拉格闭合试验技术和脉冲试验技术解决低渗透裂隙介质深部环境渗透特征评价的新方法,首次建立了考虑温度效应、钻孔储存效应和水位瞬时变化特征的地下水流三维数值模型,即SSLUG模型,并编写了相应的计算机程序,即SSLUG程序。完善了斯拉格试验理论模型,扩大了脉冲试验的应用范围。现场试验深度达到489m,应用实践结果表明,双栓塞斯拉格试验技术是一项适合于低渗透裂隙介质深部环境渗透特征评价的先进、可靠的技术方法。
(4)应用SSLUG程序完成了参数灵敏度分析研究,研究了温度效应、钻孔储存效应、井下管状阀门的使用、钻孔竖管半径与渗透性、试验历时时间的相互关系。在此基础上,对双栓塞斯拉格试验技术应用于深部环境渗透特征评价提出了优化建议,从理论上进一步完善了双栓塞斯拉格试验技术。
With the need of studies of geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste (HLW),more and more attention has been paid on the hydrogeology of rocks of low permeability.A better understanding of the hydrologic behavior of these rocks, especially fractured rocks becomes critical.On the basis of environmental hydrogeological features in the Beishan preselected area,Gansu province—the most potential area for the China's HLW repository and underground research laboratory,this dissertation attempts to conduct the research of techniques and approaches of characterizing the spatial structure and hydraulic features of fractured rocks in low-permeability deep environments.The considerations of the progress and status of studies on the geological disposal of China's HLW have been taken into.The numerical modeling combined with isotope analysis technology and geophysical survey and hydraulic tests in situ have been used.The purpose of this dissertation is to provide technology in support of Site Characterization and Performance Assessment Studies of China's HLW Repository. The main research work and its achievement are as follows.
The description of spatial structure of fractured medium is import content of research of hydraulic characterization of rocks of low permeability.The traditional approach of fractures recording for rock core has been modified and improved.A new one,called baseline-three points for fractures recording is presented and its application to fractures investigation in situ is carried out.Meanwhile,high resolution acoustic borehole televiewer(BHTV) logging technique has been comprehensively applied to the research of spatial structure of fractured medium in deep environment.Simple introduction of the acoustic imaging method is presented,and its application and integrated studies on the research of the spatial structure of fractures in deep environment are described.It has been shown from the results that new generation BHTV is characterized by high accuracy and resolution,high logging velocity and advanced interpretation and analysis of data. BHTV is one of the most direct and effective methods to detect fracture in boreholes.
Base on the environmental hydrogeological condition in the Beishan preselected area,custom-built hydraulic test system with double packer has been used to estimate the hydraulic parameters of fractured medium of low permeability.The technique of hydraulic test with double packer has been established and its major contents consist of advanced equipments,test design in detail,test preparation, implementation in situ and comprehensive interpretation of data.By using the isolation of double packer,water-sampling campaign has been conducted and real groundwater sample has been taken from different depth in deep environment. Tritium and CFC have not been detected in the groundwater collected from deep environment.It has been shown from the results of isotope and water chemical analysis that the age of groundwater sample is more than 50 years and the groundwater is not one of componets of comtemporary hydrologic cycle.It is first time to collect real groundwater without content of tritium in the Beishan preselected area.It provides valuable data for the research of features of groundwater system and site characterization in the deep environment.
By comparison of all existed hydraulic-test approaches,a new one is put forward to estimate the hydraulic parameters of fractured medium of low permeability in the deep environment.It is called slug test with double packer,which is component of shut-in slug test and pulse test with double packer.A 3-D numerical model of groundwater flow,SSLUG model is presented.The consideration of the temperature effect has been taken into the SSLUG model,borehole storage effect and instantaneous change of water level as well.The computer code,SSLUG code for the model is also presented.The theory of traditional slug test is improved and the range of use of pulse test is extended by this research.By using this approach, hydraulic tests have been done in the Beishan preselected area and the maxium depth of tests is reached 489m.It has been shown that slug test with double packer is an advanced and reliable approach suitable for the esitimation of hydraulic parameters of fractured medium of low permeability in the deep environment in practice.
By use of SSLUG code,sensitivity analysis of parameters has been finished and the research of the relationship among temperature effect,borehole storage effect, the use of shut-in valve,the radius of tubing,hydraulic conductivity and duration of tests is conducted.On the basis of the results of applied research,the recommendation of optimization of application of slug test with double packer to esitimate of hydraulic parameters of fractured medium of low permeability in the deep environment is presented in practice.
(1)裂隙介质的渗透空间结构描述是低渗透裂隙介质水文地质特征研究的重要内容。本文从裂隙调查入手,改进了传统的岩心裂隙编录技术,建立基线-三点法岩心裂隙编录新方法,并在现场裂隙调查中进行了广泛的应用。将高分辨率钻孔超声波电视测量技术应用到深部环境裂隙构造空间结构特征研究中,建立了钻孔电视测量技术方法,取得了良好的效果。应用实践表明,钻孔超声波电视测量技术具有分辨率高,精度高,测量速度快,数据分析解译手段先进等特点,是研究地下深部裂隙构造特征最直接最有效的方法之一。
(2)根据北山预选区的环境水文地质条件,从国外定制了一套双栓塞水文地质试验系统,开展低渗透裂隙介质若干水文地质特征参数测量研究,建立起双栓塞水文地质试验技术,其主要内容包括先进可靠的试验设备、试验设计、试验准备、现场实施和数据综合分析等。利用双栓塞封隔技术,在甘肃北山预选区分层采集到了深部原状地下水样品。水样品分析结果显示采自钻孔深部的地下水氚含量为0,未检测到CFC。这表明深部地下水年龄较老,在50年以上,不参与现代水循环。这是首次在北山预选区获得的不含氚的深部地下水样品,为开展深部地下水环境特征研究和场址特性评价提供了宝贵的数据。
(3)在充分比较研究了已有水文地质试验技术方法的基础上,提出用双栓塞斯拉格试验技术,即双栓塞斯拉格闭合试验技术和脉冲试验技术解决低渗透裂隙介质深部环境渗透特征评价的新方法,首次建立了考虑温度效应、钻孔储存效应和水位瞬时变化特征的地下水流三维数值模型,即SSLUG模型,并编写了相应的计算机程序,即SSLUG程序。完善了斯拉格试验理论模型,扩大了脉冲试验的应用范围。现场试验深度达到489m,应用实践结果表明,双栓塞斯拉格试验技术是一项适合于低渗透裂隙介质深部环境渗透特征评价的先进、可靠的技术方法。
(4)应用SSLUG程序完成了参数灵敏度分析研究,研究了温度效应、钻孔储存效应、井下管状阀门的使用、钻孔竖管半径与渗透性、试验历时时间的相互关系。在此基础上,对双栓塞斯拉格试验技术应用于深部环境渗透特征评价提出了优化建议,从理论上进一步完善了双栓塞斯拉格试验技术。
With the need of studies of geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste (HLW),more and more attention has been paid on the hydrogeology of rocks of low permeability.A better understanding of the hydrologic behavior of these rocks, especially fractured rocks becomes critical.On the basis of environmental hydrogeological features in the Beishan preselected area,Gansu province—the most potential area for the China's HLW repository and underground research laboratory,this dissertation attempts to conduct the research of techniques and approaches of characterizing the spatial structure and hydraulic features of fractured rocks in low-permeability deep environments.The considerations of the progress and status of studies on the geological disposal of China's HLW have been taken into.The numerical modeling combined with isotope analysis technology and geophysical survey and hydraulic tests in situ have been used.The purpose of this dissertation is to provide technology in support of Site Characterization and Performance Assessment Studies of China's HLW Repository. The main research work and its achievement are as follows.
The description of spatial structure of fractured medium is import content of research of hydraulic characterization of rocks of low permeability.The traditional approach of fractures recording for rock core has been modified and improved.A new one,called baseline-three points for fractures recording is presented and its application to fractures investigation in situ is carried out.Meanwhile,high resolution acoustic borehole televiewer(BHTV) logging technique has been comprehensively applied to the research of spatial structure of fractured medium in deep environment.Simple introduction of the acoustic imaging method is presented,and its application and integrated studies on the research of the spatial structure of fractures in deep environment are described.It has been shown from the results that new generation BHTV is characterized by high accuracy and resolution,high logging velocity and advanced interpretation and analysis of data. BHTV is one of the most direct and effective methods to detect fracture in boreholes.
Base on the environmental hydrogeological condition in the Beishan preselected area,custom-built hydraulic test system with double packer has been used to estimate the hydraulic parameters of fractured medium of low permeability.The technique of hydraulic test with double packer has been established and its major contents consist of advanced equipments,test design in detail,test preparation, implementation in situ and comprehensive interpretation of data.By using the isolation of double packer,water-sampling campaign has been conducted and real groundwater sample has been taken from different depth in deep environment. Tritium and CFC have not been detected in the groundwater collected from deep environment.It has been shown from the results of isotope and water chemical analysis that the age of groundwater sample is more than 50 years and the groundwater is not one of componets of comtemporary hydrologic cycle.It is first time to collect real groundwater without content of tritium in the Beishan preselected area.It provides valuable data for the research of features of groundwater system and site characterization in the deep environment.
By comparison of all existed hydraulic-test approaches,a new one is put forward to estimate the hydraulic parameters of fractured medium of low permeability in the deep environment.It is called slug test with double packer,which is component of shut-in slug test and pulse test with double packer.A 3-D numerical model of groundwater flow,SSLUG model is presented.The consideration of the temperature effect has been taken into the SSLUG model,borehole storage effect and instantaneous change of water level as well.The computer code,SSLUG code for the model is also presented.The theory of traditional slug test is improved and the range of use of pulse test is extended by this research.By using this approach, hydraulic tests have been done in the Beishan preselected area and the maxium depth of tests is reached 489m.It has been shown that slug test with double packer is an advanced and reliable approach suitable for the esitimation of hydraulic parameters of fractured medium of low permeability in the deep environment in practice.
By use of SSLUG code,sensitivity analysis of parameters has been finished and the research of the relationship among temperature effect,borehole storage effect, the use of shut-in valve,the radius of tubing,hydraulic conductivity and duration of tests is conducted.On the basis of the results of applied research,the recommendation of optimization of application of slug test with double packer to esitimate of hydraulic parameters of fractured medium of low permeability in the deep environment is presented in practice.
引文
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