受盾构隧道施工影响的砌体结构房屋性状研究
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摘要
修建城市地铁隧道时经常不可避免地要下穿建筑物乃至建筑群。砌体结构建筑物受到盾构隧道施工的影响问题一直是软土地区地铁施工的难题所在,也是城市环境土工问题的重要方面。研究盾构法隧道施工引起的上方建筑物(尤其是砌体结构房屋)的力学性状课题具有较为重要的理论意义和实用价值。
本文在广泛调研国内外相关文献资料的基础上,以杭州市地铁1号线某一区间隧道穿越住宅群为工程背景,采用工程实测分析、理论分析和数值计算相结合的方法,对盾构隧道施工引起的砌体结构房屋底部的沉降特征、房屋屋顶的沉降特征、房屋立面沉降曲线和底部沉降曲面的数学描述、房屋底部平面的扭曲变形、房屋的三维变形特征以及房屋的力学性状等方面进行了研究。
基于工程实测数据,针对房屋与盾构斜交、房屋与盾构近似平行两种情形,按照单线隧道与双线隧道两种工况,研究了建筑物底部监测点在盾构到达前、盾构到达时、盾构通过时、盾尾通过后与后续沉降等5个阶段的沉降历时变化规律,比较研究了不同位置处测点的沉降规律差异,比较研究了建筑物不同立面沉降之间的差异以及建筑物立面沉降的分布特征。
基于工程实测数据,按照单线隧道和双线隧道两种工况,较深入地研究了建筑物屋顶测点沉降的历时变化规律、建筑物立面沉降曲线的变化特征以及屋顶不同位置处测点的沉降差异。对比分析了建筑物屋顶沉降与其底部沉降分布的异同之处。
在建筑物底部和屋顶沉降特征研究的基础上,按照建筑物与隧道的不同空间位置,研究了工程实例中建筑物立面沉降的不同数学描述问题,给出了沉降曲线数学表达式以及相应的地层损失率和沉降槽宽度参数的建议取值。在此基础上,得出了建筑物底部平面受盾构隧道施工影响的沉降曲面表达公式,推导了隧道上方地表建筑物底部平面扭曲变形的相应计算公式。结合工程实例,研究了建筑物底部平面在隧道穿越期间的扭曲变形变化过程。
按照单线隧道和双线隧道下穿建筑物两种工况,开展了受盾构隧道施工影响的上方建筑物三维变形的工程测试工作。基于大量的现场测试数据,初步分析了由隧道施工引起的建筑物竖向位移(沉降)、立面内水平位移(X向水平位移)和立面外水平位移(Y向水平位移)等三维变形沿建筑物高度方向的分布特征,得出了建筑物三维变形方面的一些基本规律。
采用三维有限元法对砌体结构建筑物受盾构施工影响的过程进行了模拟,得出了建筑物的沉降和应力分布规律,给出了建筑物下方地层变形的分布规律,验证了建筑物的存在改变了隧道周围土体位移场的分布。同时,也在大量数值计算的基础上分析了隧道轴线夹角、隧道相对于建筑物的偏心比、隧道中心埋深、房屋层数和房屋长度等因素对建筑物性状的影响特征。
The problem that the masonry buildings were affected by shield tunneling construction has been always lain in the subway construction, and it is also very important in the urban environment geotechnical issue. Research on this subject has important theoretical and practical value. In this paper, the method of measuring and analysis for real project is adopted, based on the large number of measured and testing data in a certain soft soil subway construction of Hangzhou. A study was made on the settlement feature of the bottom and the roof of the masonry structure. Its main contents is the mathematical expression for the building planar settlement curved surface, the facade settlement curve, the distortion calculations for the building bottom plane, the three-dimensional deformation feature and the finite element simulation.
Based on the measured data, two situations are considered. That is the shield tunneling below the building and the shield tunneling passing through the bottom side of the building. For the cases of single-line and double-line, the settlement variation at the bottom of the building is studied for five stages, that is, before the shield tunneling reaching, shield being reached, shield passing through, shield tail passing through, and subsequent settlement. Simultaneously, the settlement difference between the building facades and the settlement distribution feature along the facade of the building are compared.
Based on arrangement of the measured data, considering two cases of single-line and double-line, the variation law for the roof settlement of the building is studied for five stages, that is, before the shield tunneling reaching, shield being reached, shield passing through, shield tail passing through, and subsequent settlement. The settlement differences and similarities between the roof and the bottom of building are compared, and the settlement distribution feature along the facade of the building is analyzed.
On the basis of the settlement studies for the roof and bottom of the building, according to the spatial location of the building and the tunnel, a deep study is made on the surface at the bottom of the building after settlement and the pattern of the facade settlement curve. And the corresponding mathematical formulas are given for the pattern of settlement and the planar distortion at the bottom of the building. Relying on practical engineering, an analysis is made for the distortion of the building in the settlement process.
According to two cases of single-line and double-line, the engineering test was firstly carried out for the three-dimensional deformation of the building affected by the construction of the shield tunneling. The three-dimensional deformation feature of the building caused by the tunnel construction is studied based on the field test data. And overall, some common characteristics of the three-dimensional deformation in the building are extracted.
The three-dimensional finite element method is used to simulate the whole process of the masonry structure affected by the shield tunneling construction. The distribution pattern is obtained for the settlement and stress of the building. At the same time, the paper also gives the distribution law of deformation in the ground, and it is verified that the existence of the building has changed the displacement distribution in the soil around the tunnel. Based on a large number of numerical calculations, the factors of tunnel axis angle relative to the building, degree of tunnel eccentric, tunnel central buried depth, number of building floor and the length of the house are discussed.
本文在广泛调研国内外相关文献资料的基础上,以杭州市地铁1号线某一区间隧道穿越住宅群为工程背景,采用工程实测分析、理论分析和数值计算相结合的方法,对盾构隧道施工引起的砌体结构房屋底部的沉降特征、房屋屋顶的沉降特征、房屋立面沉降曲线和底部沉降曲面的数学描述、房屋底部平面的扭曲变形、房屋的三维变形特征以及房屋的力学性状等方面进行了研究。
基于工程实测数据,针对房屋与盾构斜交、房屋与盾构近似平行两种情形,按照单线隧道与双线隧道两种工况,研究了建筑物底部监测点在盾构到达前、盾构到达时、盾构通过时、盾尾通过后与后续沉降等5个阶段的沉降历时变化规律,比较研究了不同位置处测点的沉降规律差异,比较研究了建筑物不同立面沉降之间的差异以及建筑物立面沉降的分布特征。
基于工程实测数据,按照单线隧道和双线隧道两种工况,较深入地研究了建筑物屋顶测点沉降的历时变化规律、建筑物立面沉降曲线的变化特征以及屋顶不同位置处测点的沉降差异。对比分析了建筑物屋顶沉降与其底部沉降分布的异同之处。
在建筑物底部和屋顶沉降特征研究的基础上,按照建筑物与隧道的不同空间位置,研究了工程实例中建筑物立面沉降的不同数学描述问题,给出了沉降曲线数学表达式以及相应的地层损失率和沉降槽宽度参数的建议取值。在此基础上,得出了建筑物底部平面受盾构隧道施工影响的沉降曲面表达公式,推导了隧道上方地表建筑物底部平面扭曲变形的相应计算公式。结合工程实例,研究了建筑物底部平面在隧道穿越期间的扭曲变形变化过程。
按照单线隧道和双线隧道下穿建筑物两种工况,开展了受盾构隧道施工影响的上方建筑物三维变形的工程测试工作。基于大量的现场测试数据,初步分析了由隧道施工引起的建筑物竖向位移(沉降)、立面内水平位移(X向水平位移)和立面外水平位移(Y向水平位移)等三维变形沿建筑物高度方向的分布特征,得出了建筑物三维变形方面的一些基本规律。
采用三维有限元法对砌体结构建筑物受盾构施工影响的过程进行了模拟,得出了建筑物的沉降和应力分布规律,给出了建筑物下方地层变形的分布规律,验证了建筑物的存在改变了隧道周围土体位移场的分布。同时,也在大量数值计算的基础上分析了隧道轴线夹角、隧道相对于建筑物的偏心比、隧道中心埋深、房屋层数和房屋长度等因素对建筑物性状的影响特征。
The problem that the masonry buildings were affected by shield tunneling construction has been always lain in the subway construction, and it is also very important in the urban environment geotechnical issue. Research on this subject has important theoretical and practical value. In this paper, the method of measuring and analysis for real project is adopted, based on the large number of measured and testing data in a certain soft soil subway construction of Hangzhou. A study was made on the settlement feature of the bottom and the roof of the masonry structure. Its main contents is the mathematical expression for the building planar settlement curved surface, the facade settlement curve, the distortion calculations for the building bottom plane, the three-dimensional deformation feature and the finite element simulation.
Based on the measured data, two situations are considered. That is the shield tunneling below the building and the shield tunneling passing through the bottom side of the building. For the cases of single-line and double-line, the settlement variation at the bottom of the building is studied for five stages, that is, before the shield tunneling reaching, shield being reached, shield passing through, shield tail passing through, and subsequent settlement. Simultaneously, the settlement difference between the building facades and the settlement distribution feature along the facade of the building are compared.
Based on arrangement of the measured data, considering two cases of single-line and double-line, the variation law for the roof settlement of the building is studied for five stages, that is, before the shield tunneling reaching, shield being reached, shield passing through, shield tail passing through, and subsequent settlement. The settlement differences and similarities between the roof and the bottom of building are compared, and the settlement distribution feature along the facade of the building is analyzed.
On the basis of the settlement studies for the roof and bottom of the building, according to the spatial location of the building and the tunnel, a deep study is made on the surface at the bottom of the building after settlement and the pattern of the facade settlement curve. And the corresponding mathematical formulas are given for the pattern of settlement and the planar distortion at the bottom of the building. Relying on practical engineering, an analysis is made for the distortion of the building in the settlement process.
According to two cases of single-line and double-line, the engineering test was firstly carried out for the three-dimensional deformation of the building affected by the construction of the shield tunneling. The three-dimensional deformation feature of the building caused by the tunnel construction is studied based on the field test data. And overall, some common characteristics of the three-dimensional deformation in the building are extracted.
The three-dimensional finite element method is used to simulate the whole process of the masonry structure affected by the shield tunneling construction. The distribution pattern is obtained for the settlement and stress of the building. At the same time, the paper also gives the distribution law of deformation in the ground, and it is verified that the existence of the building has changed the displacement distribution in the soil around the tunnel. Based on a large number of numerical calculations, the factors of tunnel axis angle relative to the building, degree of tunnel eccentric, tunnel central buried depth, number of building floor and the length of the house are discussed.
引文
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