地上-地表-地下空间对象一体三维可视化系统研发
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摘要
直观和定量地表达地上-地表-地下三维空间对象状态的方法在灾害预警、应急救援、城市规划以及区域经济发展布局等领域具有广阔的应用前景。但传统的三维GIS空间数据结构在一体可视化表达地上-地表-地下三维空间对象方面存在一定的局限性。因此,开展地上-地表-地下三维空间对象一体可视化建模、表达及分析算法的研究具有重要的学术和应用意义。
本论文在《三峡库区高切坡监测预警信息系统》项目的软件开发工作基础上,研究了地上-地表-地下三维空间对象一体可视化表达的模型算法,在解决相应关键技术问题的基础上,开发了地上-地表-地下空间对象一体三维可视化原型系统。
首先本文查阅了国内外三维GIS和空间对象三维建模的相关文献,在对其数据结构及方法进行分析、总结、研究的基础上,指出了传统三维GIS数据结构在一体化建模及可视化表达中的不足,提出了地上-地表-地下一体三维可视化表达模型的新概念,扩展了传统三维GIS数据结构。在分析、研究和初步开发实验的基础上确定了地上-地表-地下一体三维可视化系统开发的技术方案。
其次,在扩展后三维GIS空间数据结构的基础上研究了地上-地表-地下多源三维空间对象的数据格式、格式转换、存储结构、三维空间对象可视化方法、一体化坐标系统的建立与坐标变换等关键技术;并使用C#和OpenGL开发了原型系统,实现了地上-地表-地下三维空间对象一体可视化表达、浏览、查询、剖面分析等核心功能。
本论文的研究一定程度上克服了传统三维GIS空间数据结构在空间对象一体可视化表达方面的局限,完善了传统三维GIS的空间数据表达方法,论文研究成果及原型系统在《三峡库区高切坡监测预警信息系统》中得到了应用。
To model the underground objects, ground surface and ground objects visually and quantitatively has potential for a broad range of applications like: disaster warning, emergency rescue, city planning and layout of the regional economic. But traditional 3D GIS spatial data structures have some limitations, especially in modeling spatial objects integrally. As a result of this, the research of the integrated modeling, visualization and analysis algorithm has great theoretical and practical significance.
Based on the development of“Monitoring and early-warning information system for the High-Cutting Slopes in the Three Gorges Area”, this paper studies the algorithm of modeling and visualizing the underground objects, ground surface and ground objects integrally according to the system requirements and the limitations of the existing data structures, and then develops a corresponding prototype system after solving the key problems.
By studying the existing 3d visualization modeling algorithms and 3D GIS spatial data structures, this paper points out the deficiencies of them in integrated modeling and visualization, and proposes a new concept of underground objects - ground surface - ground objects integrated visualization. Based on the new concept, this paper extends the data structure and modeling algorithm of 3D GIS, and decides to use the technical scheme of integrated modeling and visualization after some experiments on algorithm implementing and system developing.
Then this paper studies the key technologies such as format conversion of the multi-source data, 3D visualization of the spatial objects, the integrated coordinate system, coordinate transformation and so on, and then develops a prototype system using C# and OpenGL which implements key functions like underground objects - ground surface - ground objects integrated visualization, three-dimensional navigation, 3D spatial query, spatial plane slice analysis and so on.
The research in this paper breaks the limits of traditional 3D GIS data structures in integrated modeling and visualization, and improves the methods of modeling 3D GIS spatial objects to a certain degree. The research achievements are also applied to the“Monitoring and early-warning information system for the High-Cutting Slopes in the Three Gorges Area”.
本论文在《三峡库区高切坡监测预警信息系统》项目的软件开发工作基础上,研究了地上-地表-地下三维空间对象一体可视化表达的模型算法,在解决相应关键技术问题的基础上,开发了地上-地表-地下空间对象一体三维可视化原型系统。
首先本文查阅了国内外三维GIS和空间对象三维建模的相关文献,在对其数据结构及方法进行分析、总结、研究的基础上,指出了传统三维GIS数据结构在一体化建模及可视化表达中的不足,提出了地上-地表-地下一体三维可视化表达模型的新概念,扩展了传统三维GIS数据结构。在分析、研究和初步开发实验的基础上确定了地上-地表-地下一体三维可视化系统开发的技术方案。
其次,在扩展后三维GIS空间数据结构的基础上研究了地上-地表-地下多源三维空间对象的数据格式、格式转换、存储结构、三维空间对象可视化方法、一体化坐标系统的建立与坐标变换等关键技术;并使用C#和OpenGL开发了原型系统,实现了地上-地表-地下三维空间对象一体可视化表达、浏览、查询、剖面分析等核心功能。
本论文的研究一定程度上克服了传统三维GIS空间数据结构在空间对象一体可视化表达方面的局限,完善了传统三维GIS的空间数据表达方法,论文研究成果及原型系统在《三峡库区高切坡监测预警信息系统》中得到了应用。
To model the underground objects, ground surface and ground objects visually and quantitatively has potential for a broad range of applications like: disaster warning, emergency rescue, city planning and layout of the regional economic. But traditional 3D GIS spatial data structures have some limitations, especially in modeling spatial objects integrally. As a result of this, the research of the integrated modeling, visualization and analysis algorithm has great theoretical and practical significance.
Based on the development of“Monitoring and early-warning information system for the High-Cutting Slopes in the Three Gorges Area”, this paper studies the algorithm of modeling and visualizing the underground objects, ground surface and ground objects integrally according to the system requirements and the limitations of the existing data structures, and then develops a corresponding prototype system after solving the key problems.
By studying the existing 3d visualization modeling algorithms and 3D GIS spatial data structures, this paper points out the deficiencies of them in integrated modeling and visualization, and proposes a new concept of underground objects - ground surface - ground objects integrated visualization. Based on the new concept, this paper extends the data structure and modeling algorithm of 3D GIS, and decides to use the technical scheme of integrated modeling and visualization after some experiments on algorithm implementing and system developing.
Then this paper studies the key technologies such as format conversion of the multi-source data, 3D visualization of the spatial objects, the integrated coordinate system, coordinate transformation and so on, and then develops a prototype system using C# and OpenGL which implements key functions like underground objects - ground surface - ground objects integrated visualization, three-dimensional navigation, 3D spatial query, spatial plane slice analysis and so on.
The research in this paper breaks the limits of traditional 3D GIS data structures in integrated modeling and visualization, and improves the methods of modeling 3D GIS spatial objects to a certain degree. The research achievements are also applied to the“Monitoring and early-warning information system for the High-Cutting Slopes in the Three Gorges Area”.
引文
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[2]殷坤龙.滑坡灾害预测预报.北京:中国地质大学出版社,2004
[3] Houlding S W. 3D Geosciences modeling-computer techniques for geological characterization.New York: Springer-Verlag, 1994:309-312.
[4]王明华.工程岩体三维地质建模与可视化研究:[博士学位论文].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2004
[5]柴贺军,黄地龙,黄润秋,等.岩体结构三维可视化模型研究进展.地球科学进展,2001,16(1):55-59
[6]李清泉,李德仁.三维地理信息系统中的数据结构.武汉测绘科技大学学报,1996(2):128-133
[7]吴慧欣.三维GIS空间数据模型及可视化技术研究[博士学位论文] .西北工业大学,2007
[8] Apel M.From 3d geomodeling systems towards 3d geosciences information systems:data model,query functionality,and data management. Computer & geosciences,2006,(32):222-229
[9]曾闽山,彭苏萍,杨瑞召,马富强.基于TIN的三维地质模型栅状图的可视化方法研究.微计算机信息,2006,22:286-289
[10] Sohler C.Fast Reconstruction of Delaunay Triangulations.Computational Geometry,2005,31:166~178.
[11]宋秋艳.不规则三角网及其可视化实现[硕士学位论文].中南大学,2008
[12]夏少芳.基于不规则三角网的数字地形生成与简化算法研究[硕士学位论文].太原科技大学,2008
[13] V.J.D Tsai. Delaunay Triangulation in TIN Creation:an overview and a linear-time algorithm. Int.J. of Gis,1993,7(6):501-524.
[14]武晓波,王世新,肖春生.一种生成Delaunay三角网的合成算法.遥感学报,2000,4(1):32-35
[15] C.L.Lwason.Software of C' surface interpolation,Mathematical Software III.J. Rice.Academic Press,New York, 1977
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[17]琚娟.基于钻孔数据任意边域地层分界面B-rep建模研究.上海地质,2009,2:48-53
[18]秦绪佳,纪凤欣,高兆法,欧宗瑛.基于B-Rep模型的三维实体的真实感显示.机械科学与技术,2001,20(2):283-285
[19]钟登华,李明超,王刚,刘东海.复杂地质体NURBS辅助建模及可视化分析.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2005,17(2):284-290
[20]钟登华,李明超.水利水电工程地质三维地质建模与分析理论及实践.水利水电出版社,北京,2006.3
[21] David F. Roger. An Introduction to NURBS: with Historical Perspectiv. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers,2001
[22]夏艳华.面向实时可视化与数值模拟3DSIS数据模型研究[博士学位论文].中国科学院研究生院,2006
[23]熊祖强.工程地质三维建模及可视化技术研究[博士学位论文].中国科学院研究生院,2007
[24]刘国栋.数字城市建筑物CSG建模研究[硕士学位论文].太原理工大学,2003
[25]毕林,王李管,陈建宏,冯兴隆.基于八叉树的复杂地质体块段模型建模技术.中国矿业大学学报,2008,37(4):532-537
[26]关振群,宋超,顾元宪,隋晓峰.有限元网格生成方法研究的新进展.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2003,15(1):1-14
[27] Li Qingquan, Li Deren. Algorithms For Tetrahedral Network(TEN) Generation. Geo-spatial Information Science, 2000, 3(1): 11~16
[28]刘衍聪,宋哲,牛文杰.基于TEN的3D GIS数据模型及其生成算法.计算机应用,2004,24(7):153-158
[29]李清泉,李德仁.三维空间数据模型集成的概念框架研究.测绘学报,1998,27(4):325-330
[30] Bak P and Mill A Three Dimensional Representation in a Geoscientific Resource Management System for the Minerals Industry, In: Three Dimensional Applications in Geographic Information Sytems, Taylor & Francis, 1989, 155-182
[31] Klein Reinhard. Multiresolution representations for surface meshes based on the vertex decimation method.Computer&Graphics,1998,22(I):13-26
[32] Breuning M,Bode T, Cremers A. Implementation of Elementary geometric Database Operation of A 3D-GIS. Advances in GIS Research:Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling,1994:604-617
[33] Tomlin C. Geographic Information System and Cartographic Modeling, Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Prentice-Hall,1990
[34] Scott M.S. The Extension of Cartographic Modeling for Volumetric Geographic Analysis. http://www.cla.sc.edu/geogdocs/departdocs/stddocs/ mscott.html
[35]王淑伟.基于GML3.1的空间数据共享研究[硕士学位论文] .清华大学,2006
[36]李成名等.数字城市三维地理空间框架原理与方法.科学出版社,2008.12
[37] Zlatanova S.VRML for 3D GIS. Proceedings of Spring Conference on Computer Graphics,Budmeric,1999:74-82
[38]唐中实等.基于X3D的网络3维GIS研究.测绘通报,2003(3):30-33
[39]杜国明,龚健雅,文余源.时空GIS的现状与发展.武汉大学学报,2002(27): 91-94
[40]谢刚生.地理信息系统中的热点问题综述.华东地质学院学报,1999, 22(2): 167-174
[41] http://www.w3.org/XML/
[42]贺怀建,白世伟,赵新华,陈健.三维地层模型中地层划分的探讨.岩土力学,2002,23(5):637-639
[43]徐磊,吴立新,车德福.基于地层时序与属性语义的相邻钻孔地层连接与推理.地理与地理信息科学,2007,23(1):1-4.
[44]朱莹,刘学军,陈锁忠.基于GIS的地质剖面图自动绘制软件的研究.南京师大学报(自然科学版),2007,30(4):104-108
[45]朱良峰,潘信.河流侵淤作用下三维地层模型的构建.岩土力学,2005,26增刊:65-68
[46]朱良峰,吴信才,刘修国,尚建嘎.基于钻孔数据的三维地层模型的构建.地理与地理信息科学,2004,20(3):26-29
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[2]殷坤龙.滑坡灾害预测预报.北京:中国地质大学出版社,2004
[3] Houlding S W. 3D Geosciences modeling-computer techniques for geological characterization.New York: Springer-Verlag, 1994:309-312.
[4]王明华.工程岩体三维地质建模与可视化研究:[博士学位论文].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2004
[5]柴贺军,黄地龙,黄润秋,等.岩体结构三维可视化模型研究进展.地球科学进展,2001,16(1):55-59
[6]李清泉,李德仁.三维地理信息系统中的数据结构.武汉测绘科技大学学报,1996(2):128-133
[7]吴慧欣.三维GIS空间数据模型及可视化技术研究[博士学位论文] .西北工业大学,2007
[8] Apel M.From 3d geomodeling systems towards 3d geosciences information systems:data model,query functionality,and data management. Computer & geosciences,2006,(32):222-229
[9]曾闽山,彭苏萍,杨瑞召,马富强.基于TIN的三维地质模型栅状图的可视化方法研究.微计算机信息,2006,22:286-289
[10] Sohler C.Fast Reconstruction of Delaunay Triangulations.Computational Geometry,2005,31:166~178.
[11]宋秋艳.不规则三角网及其可视化实现[硕士学位论文].中南大学,2008
[12]夏少芳.基于不规则三角网的数字地形生成与简化算法研究[硕士学位论文].太原科技大学,2008
[13] V.J.D Tsai. Delaunay Triangulation in TIN Creation:an overview and a linear-time algorithm. Int.J. of Gis,1993,7(6):501-524.
[14]武晓波,王世新,肖春生.一种生成Delaunay三角网的合成算法.遥感学报,2000,4(1):32-35
[15] C.L.Lwason.Software of C' surface interpolation,Mathematical Software III.J. Rice.Academic Press,New York, 1977
[16] B.A.Lewis,J.S.Robinson.Triangulation of planar regions with applications. The Computer Journal,1978,21(4):324-332
[17]琚娟.基于钻孔数据任意边域地层分界面B-rep建模研究.上海地质,2009,2:48-53
[18]秦绪佳,纪凤欣,高兆法,欧宗瑛.基于B-Rep模型的三维实体的真实感显示.机械科学与技术,2001,20(2):283-285
[19]钟登华,李明超,王刚,刘东海.复杂地质体NURBS辅助建模及可视化分析.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2005,17(2):284-290
[20]钟登华,李明超.水利水电工程地质三维地质建模与分析理论及实践.水利水电出版社,北京,2006.3
[21] David F. Roger. An Introduction to NURBS: with Historical Perspectiv. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers,2001
[22]夏艳华.面向实时可视化与数值模拟3DSIS数据模型研究[博士学位论文].中国科学院研究生院,2006
[23]熊祖强.工程地质三维建模及可视化技术研究[博士学位论文].中国科学院研究生院,2007
[24]刘国栋.数字城市建筑物CSG建模研究[硕士学位论文].太原理工大学,2003
[25]毕林,王李管,陈建宏,冯兴隆.基于八叉树的复杂地质体块段模型建模技术.中国矿业大学学报,2008,37(4):532-537
[26]关振群,宋超,顾元宪,隋晓峰.有限元网格生成方法研究的新进展.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2003,15(1):1-14
[27] Li Qingquan, Li Deren. Algorithms For Tetrahedral Network(TEN) Generation. Geo-spatial Information Science, 2000, 3(1): 11~16
[28]刘衍聪,宋哲,牛文杰.基于TEN的3D GIS数据模型及其生成算法.计算机应用,2004,24(7):153-158
[29]李清泉,李德仁.三维空间数据模型集成的概念框架研究.测绘学报,1998,27(4):325-330
[30] Bak P and Mill A Three Dimensional Representation in a Geoscientific Resource Management System for the Minerals Industry, In: Three Dimensional Applications in Geographic Information Sytems, Taylor & Francis, 1989, 155-182
[31] Klein Reinhard. Multiresolution representations for surface meshes based on the vertex decimation method.Computer&Graphics,1998,22(I):13-26
[32] Breuning M,Bode T, Cremers A. Implementation of Elementary geometric Database Operation of A 3D-GIS. Advances in GIS Research:Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling,1994:604-617
[33] Tomlin C. Geographic Information System and Cartographic Modeling, Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Prentice-Hall,1990
[34] Scott M.S. The Extension of Cartographic Modeling for Volumetric Geographic Analysis. http://www.cla.sc.edu/geogdocs/departdocs/stddocs/ mscott.html
[35]王淑伟.基于GML3.1的空间数据共享研究[硕士学位论文] .清华大学,2006
[36]李成名等.数字城市三维地理空间框架原理与方法.科学出版社,2008.12
[37] Zlatanova S.VRML for 3D GIS. Proceedings of Spring Conference on Computer Graphics,Budmeric,1999:74-82
[38]唐中实等.基于X3D的网络3维GIS研究.测绘通报,2003(3):30-33
[39]杜国明,龚健雅,文余源.时空GIS的现状与发展.武汉大学学报,2002(27): 91-94
[40]谢刚生.地理信息系统中的热点问题综述.华东地质学院学报,1999, 22(2): 167-174
[41] http://www.w3.org/XML/
[42]贺怀建,白世伟,赵新华,陈健.三维地层模型中地层划分的探讨.岩土力学,2002,23(5):637-639
[43]徐磊,吴立新,车德福.基于地层时序与属性语义的相邻钻孔地层连接与推理.地理与地理信息科学,2007,23(1):1-4.
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