复杂环境下山岭隧道区域水流场分布及涌水量预测
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摘要
伴随着经济快速发展而来的大规模基础设施建设,隧道工程日益增多,我国已成为世界上建成隧道总长最大、数量最多的国家,同时也是隧道穿越各种工程地质、水文地质条件最复杂多变的国家。特别在我国南方地区,山岭海拔高、地下水资源丰富。富水山岭隧道如何保障施工期间以及运营期间隧道结构安全性,保护地下水资源、生态环境,已经成为亟待解决的关键问题。
大相岭隧道最大埋深1648米,是我国在建埋深最大的隧道,地质结构、水文地质条件十分复杂,自然地理条件恶劣,地下水丰富,集高压涌突水、大变形、断层等地质灾害于一身。在这种大埋深富水地层里,施工过程中极易发生掌子面突水、突泥等安全性灾害,尤其在破碎软岩区修建隧道,地下水对围岩、衬砌的作用直接关系到隧道施工的安全性及结构使用的耐久性。但是当今在山区地下水分布与运动规律方面缺乏系统的研究,使隧道施工与运营面临此类情况时表现出很大的随意性甚至盲目性。因此,本文以大相岭隧道工程为对象,采用数值模拟为手段,对复杂环境山岭隧道区域水流场分布及涌水量预测进行相关研究,从宏观上把握地下水赋存与运动规律显得很有必要。主要研究成果如下：
1.基于裂隙岩体渗流理论,提出了适合大相岭隧道的地下水流模型——考虑断层的等效介质模型。
2.通过有限差分软件VISUAL-MODFLOW,建立了区域水文地质概念模型并转化成数学模型,并对模型进行了识别验证。
3.研究了自然条件下隧址区地下水分布与运动变化规律,隧道区段开挖后地下水分布与运动变化规律,以及隧道贯通后地下水分布与运动变化规律,并在此基础之上对隧道典型断面施工期间涌水量进行了预测。
4.评估了隧道运营后隧址区地下水环境恢复情况,提出了隧道环境影响的一些相关工程对策。
With the large-scale infrastructure resulted from the rapid economic development, more and more tunnel projects are springing up, which makes our China into the country with the longest length as well as the largest number of tunnels. At the same time there are too many complex engineering geology and hydrogeology for the projects to cross in such vast territory of our country. Especially in the south of China, tunnels face more mountains with high-altitude, abundant groundwater resources. How to protect the tunnel structural safety as well as groundwater resources and ecological environment during the tunnel operation and construction has become the key issues.
Nibashan tunnel is the depthest tunnel under construction in our country which is1648meters. The geological structure and hydrogeological conditions are very complex.With poor natural and geographical conditions and rich groundwater, the tunnel will occer high pressure Gushing water, large deformation, faults and other geological disastersins. In such great-depth and rich-water surrounding layers, face disasters such as burst mud, spring water, especially in crushing soft rock area. Groundwater is directly related to the role of the surrounding rock, lining the tunnel construction safety and durability of the structure used. But the researches in this area are short of support of system theory. So serious arbitrariness and blindness are showen when tunnel project confronts these kinds of events.It is necessary to research on regional flow field distribution and prediction of water inflow through nibashan tunnel under conplex conditions by numerical simulation. The main research work are as follows:
1. Based on the seepage theory, the paper proposes a suitable flow model of Nibasha Tunnel-an equivalent medium model considering the fault.
2. We construct the hydrogeological conceptual model and mathematical model of the area by the finite difference software VISUAL-MODFLOW, and identify the model and verifty the model, which verifies the validity of the model, and laid the foundation for the study below.
3. The thesis makes a research on the law of groundwater distribution and flow in tunnel site under different conditions, including under natural conditions, after the partial excavation of the tunnel and after completion of the tunnel by conceptual model of hydrogeology.Rely on the research,it predicts the tunnel water inflow.
4. The article assesses the repair of the tunnel adjacent groundwater in Inflow of water recommendations.
大相岭隧道最大埋深1648米,是我国在建埋深最大的隧道,地质结构、水文地质条件十分复杂,自然地理条件恶劣,地下水丰富,集高压涌突水、大变形、断层等地质灾害于一身。在这种大埋深富水地层里,施工过程中极易发生掌子面突水、突泥等安全性灾害,尤其在破碎软岩区修建隧道,地下水对围岩、衬砌的作用直接关系到隧道施工的安全性及结构使用的耐久性。但是当今在山区地下水分布与运动规律方面缺乏系统的研究,使隧道施工与运营面临此类情况时表现出很大的随意性甚至盲目性。因此,本文以大相岭隧道工程为对象,采用数值模拟为手段,对复杂环境山岭隧道区域水流场分布及涌水量预测进行相关研究,从宏观上把握地下水赋存与运动规律显得很有必要。主要研究成果如下：
1.基于裂隙岩体渗流理论,提出了适合大相岭隧道的地下水流模型——考虑断层的等效介质模型。
2.通过有限差分软件VISUAL-MODFLOW,建立了区域水文地质概念模型并转化成数学模型,并对模型进行了识别验证。
3.研究了自然条件下隧址区地下水分布与运动变化规律,隧道区段开挖后地下水分布与运动变化规律,以及隧道贯通后地下水分布与运动变化规律,并在此基础之上对隧道典型断面施工期间涌水量进行了预测。
4.评估了隧道运营后隧址区地下水环境恢复情况,提出了隧道环境影响的一些相关工程对策。
With the large-scale infrastructure resulted from the rapid economic development, more and more tunnel projects are springing up, which makes our China into the country with the longest length as well as the largest number of tunnels. At the same time there are too many complex engineering geology and hydrogeology for the projects to cross in such vast territory of our country. Especially in the south of China, tunnels face more mountains with high-altitude, abundant groundwater resources. How to protect the tunnel structural safety as well as groundwater resources and ecological environment during the tunnel operation and construction has become the key issues.
Nibashan tunnel is the depthest tunnel under construction in our country which is1648meters. The geological structure and hydrogeological conditions are very complex.With poor natural and geographical conditions and rich groundwater, the tunnel will occer high pressure Gushing water, large deformation, faults and other geological disastersins. In such great-depth and rich-water surrounding layers, face disasters such as burst mud, spring water, especially in crushing soft rock area. Groundwater is directly related to the role of the surrounding rock, lining the tunnel construction safety and durability of the structure used. But the researches in this area are short of support of system theory. So serious arbitrariness and blindness are showen when tunnel project confronts these kinds of events.It is necessary to research on regional flow field distribution and prediction of water inflow through nibashan tunnel under conplex conditions by numerical simulation. The main research work are as follows:
1. Based on the seepage theory, the paper proposes a suitable flow model of Nibasha Tunnel-an equivalent medium model considering the fault.
2. We construct the hydrogeological conceptual model and mathematical model of the area by the finite difference software VISUAL-MODFLOW, and identify the model and verifty the model, which verifies the validity of the model, and laid the foundation for the study below.
3. The thesis makes a research on the law of groundwater distribution and flow in tunnel site under different conditions, including under natural conditions, after the partial excavation of the tunnel and after completion of the tunnel by conceptual model of hydrogeology.Rely on the research,it predicts the tunnel water inflow.
4. The article assesses the repair of the tunnel adjacent groundwater in Inflow of water recommendations.
引文
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[3]毛军,贾绍凤,张克斌FEFLOW软件在地下水数值模拟中的应用以柴达木盆地香日德绿洲为例[J].中国水土保持科学,2007(8)：44-48.
[4]Theis C V. The effect of a well on the flow of a nearby stream[J].Geophys,1941,22(3):734-738.
[5]杨天行,等.地下水流向井的非稳定运动的原理及计算方法[M].北京：地质出版社,1979.
[6]陈崇希.层状非均质无压含水层中地下不稳定井流计算方法[J].地球科学—武汉地质学院学报,1981.
[7]张蔚榛.地下水非稳定流计算和地下水资源评价[M].北京：科学出版社,1983.
[8]JUANCS, KOLMKE. Conceptualization, characterization and numerical modeling of the Jackson Hole alluvial aquifer using ARC/INFO and MODFLOW[J]. Engineering Geology, 1996,42:119-137
[9]WINSTON R B. MODFLOW—related freeware and shareware resources on the internet [J]. Computers&Geosciences,1999,25:377-382
[10]SAMANI Z, GARCIA J A. AVALOS B. Calibration and validation of a groundwater model for Southern New Mexico[J]. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Groundwater Management.1995 (8):89-94.
[11]ISLAM M R, JEWETT D, WILLIAMS J R, et al. Calibration of groundwater flow and contaminant transport modeling for Ogallala.Nebraska [J]. Proceedings of the 1998 2nd International Water Resources Engineering Conference, 1998. Aug 3-7:105-110.
[12]EBRAHEEM A M, GARAMOON H K, R1AD S, et al. Numerical modeling of groundwater resource management options in the East Oweinat area, SW Egypt [J]. Environmental Geology, 2003.4(1):433-447.
[13]NASTEV M, RIVERA A, LEFEBVRE R. et al. Numerical simulation of groundwater flow in regional rock aquifers, southwestern Quebec, Canada [J]. Hydrogeology Journal.2005,13(5-6): 835-848.
[14]BAUER P. GUMBRICHT T, KINZELBACH W. A regional coupled surface water/groundwater model of the okavango delta, Botswana [J]. Water Resources Research.2006,42(4):1435-1449.
[15]刘磊.基于MODFLOW的金泉工业园区地下水数值模拟研究[D].长春：吉林大学.2010.
[16]张敏.基于GMS的地下水开采优化方案研究——以苏锡常地区地下水开采为例[D].南京：南京师范大学,2008.
[17]王淼,陈晨.张丽玲.基于钻孔数据和GMS的地层三维建模与可视化的研究[J].基础工程设计,2007,72-72.
[18]孙跃.河南省沿黄地下水数值模拟及地下水资源评价[D].北京：中国地质大学,2011.
[19]陈崇希,林敏,朱伟武,等.运城市地下水咸化趋势预测——准三维数值模拟方法[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,1993,18(1)：49-58.
[20]吴吉春,薛禹群,黄海,等.山西柳林泉域地下水流数值模拟[J].水文地质工程地质,2001, 28(2)：18-20.
[21]武选民,陈崇希,史生胜,等.西北黑河额济纳盆地水资源管理研究——三维地下水流数值模拟[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2003，28(5)：527-532.
[22]汪家权,吴义锋,钱家忠,等.济南泉域岩溶地下水三维等参有限元数值模拟[J].煤田地质与勘探,2005,33(3)：29-41.
[23]祝晓彬,吴吉春,叶淑君,等.长江三角洲(长江以南)地区深层地下水三维数值模拟[J].地理科学,2005,25(1)：68-73.
[24]邵景力,赵宗壮,等.华北平原地下水流模拟及地下水资源评价[J].资源科学,2009,31(3)：361-367.
[25]郜新军.海底隧道突涌水分析及应用研究[D].北京：北京工业大学,2007.
[26]Molinero,Samper,Javier. Nimerical modeling of the transient hydrogeological response produced by tunnel construction in fractured bedrocks. Engineering Geology,v64,n4,June,2002,p369-386.
[27]刘丹.铁路隧道突水研究的发展趋势.铁道工程学报,1998,增刊：599-603.
[28]Heuer.Ronald E.Estimating rock tunnel water inflow[J].Proceedings-Rapid Excavatiom and Tunneling Conference,1995,p41-60.
[29]杨立中,黄涛等.隧适含水围岩体非均质各向异性渗透特性的研究[J].第三十届国际地质大会铁路地质论文专集,铁道工程学报,19%,(2)：63-69.
[30]邬强.齐岳山隧道涌水量预测的研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,1998.
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