阿拉善盟腰坝绿洲地下水水质演化及其预测研究
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摘要
腰坝绿洲地处贺兰山西麓干旱地区,水资源供需矛盾十分突出。地下水是该地区的主要水资源。因此,开展腰坝绿洲地下水水质的演化规律及预测研究有助于深入了解绿洲地下水水质的变化趋势,为当地地下水资源合理开发利用提供理论依据;同时这对于保证当地的可持续发展具有重要的意义。
本论文在收集和分析研究当地地质、水文资料的基础上,对腰坝绿洲进行了水质样品的采集与分析,应用水文地质学、水文地球化学的理论及方法和地理信息系统软件ArcGIS的地质统计学模块——Geostatistical Analyst,探讨了腰坝绿洲的水质演化规律,即:整个绿洲水化学类型从补给区(贺兰山前)—径流区(腰坝绿洲中部)—排泄区(腰坝绿洲西南部)呈明显的带状分布;腰坝绿洲地下水矿化度自东北向西南逐渐升高,高矿化的地下水的分布面积逐年扩大;腰坝绿洲地下水在开采期与非开采期水化学类型和矿化度的空间分布均有很大的差异,但呈一定的变化规律,表现为:在开采期,地下水水化学类型与背景值较接近,矿化度普遍较低:而非开采期地下水水化学类型向Cl~-和SO_4~(2-)富集的水型转化,矿化度普遍较高;过量开采地下水改变了原有的补—径—排关系,导致西南陶苏湖的咸水入侵,使地下水水化学场在时间上向盐碱化方向发展,水质向变差的方向演化。
论文在此基础上分析了腰坝绿洲水质恶化的原因。本区地下水水质的恶化原因是多种因素共同作用形成的,而以过量开采地下水导致的西南地区高矿化度咸水入侵为主要原因。
论文应用灰色系统预测理论,建立了残差修正的地下水水质预测模型,并编写了基于MATLAB的灰色系统预测程序forecast.m。运用该程序对腰坝绿洲在2010、2015、2020三个规划年的地下水水质主要指标进行预测。预测结果反映出在不改变现有开采方式和开采力度的情况下,该地区的地下水水质总的演变趋势是不断恶化。
最后,论文提出该地区地下水水质保护对策。该地区的水质保护应从根本入手,即控制并逐步减少地下水的开采量,以截盐、减盐、排盐为治理措施,以补给回灌为工程措施,以用水管理为管理措施,综合解决本区问题。
Yaoba oasis is located in arid area, whose imbalance between supply and demand of water resources is very conspicuous, and groundwater is its main water sources. So,the study on evolution disciplinarian and prediction of groundwater quality makes effect to know the water quality variety tendency of groundwater in Yaoba oasis. The results of the research provided scientific base for reasonable exploration and utilization of groundwater resources in Yaoba oasis, which is significant to guarantee the environment continuous development in the area.
The paper collects the geological informations and the hydrology geological informations, gathers and analyses the groundwater quality specimens in Yaoba Oasis. Combined with the analysis results of historical groundwater quality, this paper applies the theoretics and methods of hydrogeology, hydrogeochemistry and geographic information system software ArcGIS geological statistics module - Geostatistical Analyst to make researches on the evolution disciplinarian of groundwater quality in Yaoba oasis. The disciplinarians are as follows: The spatial distribution of groundwater chemical type assumes belt-shaped distribution obviously from the recharge area (approaching the Helan Mountain) to the discharge area (in the south-west of the oasis); The degree of mineralization in Yaoba oasis gradually increases from north-east to south-west, and the area with high degree of mineralization enlarged year by year; In different water-exploitation time, the spatial distribution of groundwater chemical type and the degree of mineralization varied each other, but it has a common regulation: in the exploitation time, groundwater chemical type is closed to the background value, and the degree of mineralization is rifeness low; in the non-exploitation time, groundwater chemical type get worse than before, which Cl~- and SO_4~(2-) are concentrated, and the degree of mineralization is rifeness higher; Groundwater excessive exploitation has changed the original recharge and discharge relationship of Yaoba oasis, which results in the salt water of the Taosu lake pouring into the oasis, which makes the groundwater chemical field evolves toward salinization and alkalination, and groundwater quality tends to deterioration in time.
Based on these, the original causes of groundwater quality deterioration are analyzed. The causes are affected by many kinds of factors, but the salt water with high degree of mineralization of the Taosu lake pouring into the oasist caused by groundwater excessive exploitation is the main reason.
Based on the gray system prediction theory, the groundwater water quality prediction model with error amendatory is established, on these basis, the paper develops gray systematic procedure forecast.m with the aid of MATLAB, and applies this procedure to predict the main ingredient of the groundwater water quality in 2010、2015 and 2020. The results of the prediction reflect that the water quality variety tendency of groundwater is deteriorating unceasingly keeping the exploring methods and quantity unchanged in Yaoba oasis.
Finally, the paper puts forward the groundwater water quality protection measures. The groundwater managements of this area should control and reduce the exploring quantity; take the salt-truncation, salt-reducing and salt-drainage as the control measure; take the recharge as the engineering measure and take the water-using management as the managing measure, to solve the problem of Yaoba oasis comprehensively.
本论文在收集和分析研究当地地质、水文资料的基础上,对腰坝绿洲进行了水质样品的采集与分析,应用水文地质学、水文地球化学的理论及方法和地理信息系统软件ArcGIS的地质统计学模块——Geostatistical Analyst,探讨了腰坝绿洲的水质演化规律,即:整个绿洲水化学类型从补给区(贺兰山前)—径流区(腰坝绿洲中部)—排泄区(腰坝绿洲西南部)呈明显的带状分布;腰坝绿洲地下水矿化度自东北向西南逐渐升高,高矿化的地下水的分布面积逐年扩大;腰坝绿洲地下水在开采期与非开采期水化学类型和矿化度的空间分布均有很大的差异,但呈一定的变化规律,表现为:在开采期,地下水水化学类型与背景值较接近,矿化度普遍较低:而非开采期地下水水化学类型向Cl~-和SO_4~(2-)富集的水型转化,矿化度普遍较高;过量开采地下水改变了原有的补—径—排关系,导致西南陶苏湖的咸水入侵,使地下水水化学场在时间上向盐碱化方向发展,水质向变差的方向演化。
论文在此基础上分析了腰坝绿洲水质恶化的原因。本区地下水水质的恶化原因是多种因素共同作用形成的,而以过量开采地下水导致的西南地区高矿化度咸水入侵为主要原因。
论文应用灰色系统预测理论,建立了残差修正的地下水水质预测模型,并编写了基于MATLAB的灰色系统预测程序forecast.m。运用该程序对腰坝绿洲在2010、2015、2020三个规划年的地下水水质主要指标进行预测。预测结果反映出在不改变现有开采方式和开采力度的情况下,该地区的地下水水质总的演变趋势是不断恶化。
最后,论文提出该地区地下水水质保护对策。该地区的水质保护应从根本入手,即控制并逐步减少地下水的开采量,以截盐、减盐、排盐为治理措施,以补给回灌为工程措施,以用水管理为管理措施,综合解决本区问题。
Yaoba oasis is located in arid area, whose imbalance between supply and demand of water resources is very conspicuous, and groundwater is its main water sources. So,the study on evolution disciplinarian and prediction of groundwater quality makes effect to know the water quality variety tendency of groundwater in Yaoba oasis. The results of the research provided scientific base for reasonable exploration and utilization of groundwater resources in Yaoba oasis, which is significant to guarantee the environment continuous development in the area.
The paper collects the geological informations and the hydrology geological informations, gathers and analyses the groundwater quality specimens in Yaoba Oasis. Combined with the analysis results of historical groundwater quality, this paper applies the theoretics and methods of hydrogeology, hydrogeochemistry and geographic information system software ArcGIS geological statistics module - Geostatistical Analyst to make researches on the evolution disciplinarian of groundwater quality in Yaoba oasis. The disciplinarians are as follows: The spatial distribution of groundwater chemical type assumes belt-shaped distribution obviously from the recharge area (approaching the Helan Mountain) to the discharge area (in the south-west of the oasis); The degree of mineralization in Yaoba oasis gradually increases from north-east to south-west, and the area with high degree of mineralization enlarged year by year; In different water-exploitation time, the spatial distribution of groundwater chemical type and the degree of mineralization varied each other, but it has a common regulation: in the exploitation time, groundwater chemical type is closed to the background value, and the degree of mineralization is rifeness low; in the non-exploitation time, groundwater chemical type get worse than before, which Cl~- and SO_4~(2-) are concentrated, and the degree of mineralization is rifeness higher; Groundwater excessive exploitation has changed the original recharge and discharge relationship of Yaoba oasis, which results in the salt water of the Taosu lake pouring into the oasis, which makes the groundwater chemical field evolves toward salinization and alkalination, and groundwater quality tends to deterioration in time.
Based on these, the original causes of groundwater quality deterioration are analyzed. The causes are affected by many kinds of factors, but the salt water with high degree of mineralization of the Taosu lake pouring into the oasist caused by groundwater excessive exploitation is the main reason.
Based on the gray system prediction theory, the groundwater water quality prediction model with error amendatory is established, on these basis, the paper develops gray systematic procedure forecast.m with the aid of MATLAB, and applies this procedure to predict the main ingredient of the groundwater water quality in 2010、2015 and 2020. The results of the prediction reflect that the water quality variety tendency of groundwater is deteriorating unceasingly keeping the exploring methods and quantity unchanged in Yaoba oasis.
Finally, the paper puts forward the groundwater water quality protection measures. The groundwater managements of this area should control and reduce the exploring quantity; take the salt-truncation, salt-reducing and salt-drainage as the control measure; take the recharge as the engineering measure and take the water-using management as the managing measure, to solve the problem of Yaoba oasis comprehensively.
引文
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[18]M.Gabriela Garcia,Margarita del V.Hidalgo.Geochemistry of groundwater in the alluvial plain of Tucurnan province[J].Argentina,Hydrogeology Journal,2001,9:597-610
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[2]李佩成,冯国章.论干旱半干旱地区水资源可持续供给原则及节水型社会的建立[J].干旱地区农业研究,1997,15(2):1-2
[3]李佩成.试论干旱.中国干旱半干旱地区自然资源研究[M],中国自然资源研究会等六学会主编,北京:科学出版社,1985
[4]李佩成.关于水源问题及其解决途径的商榷[J].灌溉科技,1975:3-4
[5]李佩成.试论地下水研究面临的历史转变[J].地下水,1994,16(4):141-145
[6]尹承怀,倪深海.地下水资源管理[M].北京,中国水利水电出版社,2001
[7]孙衲正.地下水污染--数学模型和数值方法[M].北京,地质出版社,1989
[8]沈玉凌.绿洲概念小议[J].干旱区地理,1994,17(4):70-74
[9]贾宝全.绿洲景观若干理论问题的探讨[J].干旱区地理,1996,19(3):56-63
[10]穆桂金,刘嘉麒.绿洲演变及其调控因素初析[J].第四纪研究,2000,20(6):539-545
[11]樊自立.塔里木盆地绿洲形成与演变[J].地理学报,1993,48(5):421-427
[12]周兴佳,黄小江,陈方等.新疆克里雅河绿洲形成、演变与综合整治[J].干旱区资源与环境,1995,9(2):65-73
[13]周兴佳,李保生,朱峰等.南疆克里雅河绿洲发育和演变过程研究[J].云南地理环境研究,1996,8(2):44-57
[14]贾宝全,阎顺.绿洲-荒漠生态系统交错带环境演变过程初步研究--以新疆吐鲁番盆地为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,1995,9(2):58-64
[15]黄培佑,黄丕振,顾春光.新疆玛纳斯湖的干涸对周围植被影响初探[J].干旱区地理,1987,10(4):30-36
[16]李学礼.水文地球化学[M].北京,原子能出版社,1988
[17]Mohammed Tahir Hussein.Hydrochemical evaluation of groundwater in the Blue Nile Basin,eastern Studan,using conventional and multivariate techniques[J].Hydrogeology Journal,2003,9:256-284
[18]M.Gabriela Garcia,Margarita del V.Hidalgo.Geochemistry of groundwater in the alluvial plain of Tucurnan province[J].Argentina,Hydrogeology Journal,2001,9:597-610
[19]M.Afyin.Hydrochemical evolution and water quality along the groundwater flow path in the SandL kIL plain[J].Turkey,Environmental Geology,1997,31(16):221-230
[20]Laura E.Toran,James A.Saunders.Modeling alternative paths of chemical evolution of Na-HCO3-type gronndwater near Oak Ridge[J].Tennessee,USA,Hydrogeology Journal,1999,7:355-364
[21]沈照理.水文地球化学研究的几个问题[A].全国水文地球化学学术讨论会,1982
[22]Hounslow A W.Water Quality Data:Analysis and Interpretation[J].Boca Raton:Lewis Publisher,1995,38-126
[23]Deutsch W J.Groundwater Geochemistry Fundamentals and Applications to Contamination[M].Boca Raton:Lewis Publisher,1997.3-73
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