贵州典型矿区煤矸石自然风化过程中汞的环境效应初步分析
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摘要
环境汞污染问题是全球面临的重大问题之一。论文以贵州典型煤矿为例,系统阐述了矿区内煤矸石、土壤、地表水和不同植物中汞的分布、迁移规律以及汞的环境效应。
通过分析,得出以下结论:
1、煤矸石中汞平均含量为0.056～2.149 mg/kg,没有表现异常富集。不同风化程度的煤矸石土壤汞含量没有明显的变化规律,平均含量略高于土壤背景值。但在自燃过的煤矸石风化土壤中汞却表现为异常富集,其含量高达2.149 mg/kg。
2、煤矸石山附近地表水总汞含量普遍偏低,10个采样点地表水总汞含量均未超过Ⅰ类水质标准。
3、大部分土壤中总汞含量接近全球土壤总汞含量的背景值,但土城矿土壤含量异常高,可能原因是土壤母岩不同或土壤中腐殖质和粘粒的含量存在显著差异所致。
4、不同的植物对汞的吸收累积能力不同,汞含量范围为0.022～0.061 mg/kg,其中黄豆对汞的吸收累积能力高于其他植物,达到0.061 mg/kg。植物的不同器官对汞的吸收能力不同,一般表现为根＞茎叶＞果实,但植物中的汞含量和土壤中的汞含量没有显著的相关性。
5、无论是煤矸石还是土壤,重金属元素Hg基本以残渣态为主,其次为可氧化态,弱酸提取态和可还原态所占比例较少,各形态汞的平均分配系数依次为:残渣态(64.43%)＞可氧化态(27.68%)＞弱酸提取态(6.86%)＞可还原态(1.03%)。
Environmental mercury pollution is one of several essential problems faced from the global. In my research works, typical coal mines in Guizhou as an example, it discusses coal gangue, soil, surface water and the distribution of mercury in plants, as well as the migration of the environmental effects of mercury.
By analyzing the the conclusions are as follows:
1. Total mercury levels in coal mine spoils were 0.056～2.149 mg/kg, without significant richment in coal mine spoils. Total mercury levels in coal mine spoils with different weathering time were without distributions trends with different weathering time. And these values were a little higher than the background value of mercury in the soils. The mercury in soils from weathered coal mine spoils with spontaneous combustion, however, show significant enrichment in the soils. The mercury concentrations in these soils were up to 2.149 mg/kg.
2.Total mercury levels in surface water near the Gangue hill were generally lower, the total mercury of 10 surface water sampling points were not content of more than I water quality standards.
3.The majority of the total mercury content in soil close to the world's total mercury content of the soil background value, but Tucheng abnormally high content of mineral soil may be due to different soil or rock in the soil humus and clay content due to the existence of significant differences.
4.Mercury contents in plants were 0.022～0.061 mg/kg and different species were various in mercury accumulation. The mercury contents of Soybean were 0.061 mg/kg,higher than the other plants. There were differences of mercury contents in organs of plant, root >leaf> fruit generally. But there was no remarkable relevance between the concentrations in plant and in soil.
5. It was found that the concentrations of mercury in coal mine and soils are dominated by residual form, followed by organic-sulfide form. Fe-Mn oxides and acid-exchangeable form are rather low. The percent of the four mercury species in soils are 64.43%, 27.68%, 1.03% and 6.86%, respectively.
通过分析,得出以下结论:
1、煤矸石中汞平均含量为0.056～2.149 mg/kg,没有表现异常富集。不同风化程度的煤矸石土壤汞含量没有明显的变化规律,平均含量略高于土壤背景值。但在自燃过的煤矸石风化土壤中汞却表现为异常富集,其含量高达2.149 mg/kg。
2、煤矸石山附近地表水总汞含量普遍偏低,10个采样点地表水总汞含量均未超过Ⅰ类水质标准。
3、大部分土壤中总汞含量接近全球土壤总汞含量的背景值,但土城矿土壤含量异常高,可能原因是土壤母岩不同或土壤中腐殖质和粘粒的含量存在显著差异所致。
4、不同的植物对汞的吸收累积能力不同,汞含量范围为0.022～0.061 mg/kg,其中黄豆对汞的吸收累积能力高于其他植物,达到0.061 mg/kg。植物的不同器官对汞的吸收能力不同,一般表现为根＞茎叶＞果实,但植物中的汞含量和土壤中的汞含量没有显著的相关性。
5、无论是煤矸石还是土壤,重金属元素Hg基本以残渣态为主,其次为可氧化态,弱酸提取态和可还原态所占比例较少,各形态汞的平均分配系数依次为:残渣态(64.43%)＞可氧化态(27.68%)＞弱酸提取态(6.86%)＞可还原态(1.03%)。
Environmental mercury pollution is one of several essential problems faced from the global. In my research works, typical coal mines in Guizhou as an example, it discusses coal gangue, soil, surface water and the distribution of mercury in plants, as well as the migration of the environmental effects of mercury.
By analyzing the the conclusions are as follows:
1. Total mercury levels in coal mine spoils were 0.056～2.149 mg/kg, without significant richment in coal mine spoils. Total mercury levels in coal mine spoils with different weathering time were without distributions trends with different weathering time. And these values were a little higher than the background value of mercury in the soils. The mercury in soils from weathered coal mine spoils with spontaneous combustion, however, show significant enrichment in the soils. The mercury concentrations in these soils were up to 2.149 mg/kg.
2.Total mercury levels in surface water near the Gangue hill were generally lower, the total mercury of 10 surface water sampling points were not content of more than I water quality standards.
3.The majority of the total mercury content in soil close to the world's total mercury content of the soil background value, but Tucheng abnormally high content of mineral soil may be due to different soil or rock in the soil humus and clay content due to the existence of significant differences.
4.Mercury contents in plants were 0.022～0.061 mg/kg and different species were various in mercury accumulation. The mercury contents of Soybean were 0.061 mg/kg,higher than the other plants. There were differences of mercury contents in organs of plant, root >leaf> fruit generally. But there was no remarkable relevance between the concentrations in plant and in soil.
5. It was found that the concentrations of mercury in coal mine and soils are dominated by residual form, followed by organic-sulfide form. Fe-Mn oxides and acid-exchangeable form are rather low. The percent of the four mercury species in soils are 64.43%, 27.68%, 1.03% and 6.86%, respectively.
引文
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[14]吴代赦,郑宝山,康往东,李修涛,傅强,刘正初,张金炉.煤矸石的淋溶行为与环境影响的研究-以淮南潘谢矿区为例[J].地球与环境,2004,32(1):55-59
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