骨架—密实型水泥稳定级配碎石抗裂特性的研究
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摘要
在我国公路建设过程中,半刚性基层沥青路面作为主流结构形式,发挥了积极的重要作用。然而,其强度、刚度的衰减与开裂问题,成为制约半刚性基层沥青路面结构长期耐久性的重要因素。因此,以莫尔—库伦强度理论为基础,充分重视半刚性材料中碎石的结构组成及其结构特性,采用骨架—密实型水泥稳定级配碎石的设计理念,综合协调半刚性基层力学特性与抗裂特性,以系统的试验研究为主要手段,以针对具体问题的理论分析为辅,全面研究这种半刚性基层材料设计方法、指标体系与路用特性,从而为完善半刚性基层沥青路面技术体系、延长路面结构使用寿命、提高路面使用品质,奠定坚实的基础。对于提高交通运输的综合效益,具有重要的现实意义。
首先开展高等级公路沥青路面的横向开裂调查,分析产生开裂的主要原因与技术对策。具体针对性能差异最显著的柔性基层与半刚性基层进行对比,结合哈尔滨西环绕城高速公路逐年调查资料,分析低温开裂的演化规律,从而明确当前沥青路面开裂研究的重点之一在于基层的抗裂特性及基于抗裂性能要求的半刚性材料设计。
进而,提出碎石级配体积设计方法框架、流程与基本原则,比选级配碎石成型方法,确定适宜的参数组合,实现材料—工艺一体化设计。通过设计典型骨架、比选细集料组成,以填充系数为技术指标,深入分析该指标对级配碎石结构组成特征的影响,从而提炼基于力学特性的设计原则。以静三轴试验、动三轴试验和循环加载试验为方法,分别评价级配碎石的结构性,并以结构可变性、结构可稳性、综合结构性指标反馈指导级配碎石设计,明确设计指标及其技术标准。
在此基础上,采用振动成型方法,通过大量的试验,系统研究—骨架密实型水泥稳定级配碎石的干缩与温缩特性,在分析主要影响因素的基础上,明确填充系数与干缩的关系,指导材料设计与施工工艺组织。
以弹塑性损伤理论为基础,应用ABAQUS有限元软件,进行路面结构温度场与干缩场的耦合分析,明确养生期出现开裂破坏的具体条件,以指导现场施工组织。
在上述研究基础上,整合水泥稳定级配碎石结构性、强度衰减、干缩特性及温缩特性研究成果,提出填充系数的合适范围,提炼设计原则,构建完善的体积设计方法,以指导工程应用。最终将主要成果应用于“齐泰”高速公路,以检验此套技术的适用性及其实际效果,作为后续完善技术体系的基础。通过理论与工程实践的相互结合,初步实现半刚性基层的性能设计与优化,构建水泥稳定级配碎石成套技术。
The semi-rigid base asphalt pavement, as a main-stream structure type, plays an important role in our country’s road construction. However, the problems such as cracking and its decline of strength and rigid become an important ingredient which confine the long term durability of the semi-rigid base asphalt pavement structure. Thus, based on the Mohr-Coulomb strength theory, much attention was paid to the structure constitute and characters of the gravels in semi-rigid materials. Utilizing the design theory of the frame-densed cement stabilized graded crushed stone, the mechanical character of the semi-rigid base layer and the character of the anti-cracking was co-ordinated. Taking systematic experimental researches as a main method and assisted by the theoretical analysis concentrating on specific problems, the design method, index system and pavement performance of this kind of semi-rigid base materials were studied. So that, a solid foundation was set for the improvement of the technical system of the semi-rigid base asphalt pavement, the elongation of the pavement structure using life and the enhancement of the using quality. It has a vital significance for the improvement of the comprehensive benefit of the traffic transportation.
First of all, based on the north-east areas, surveys are made on the transverse cracks of the high-grade highway asphalt pavement and analyzed main reasons of cracking and technical countermeasures. For example, since the flexible base and semi-rigid base has the most obvious performance differences, with the survey results of the western-ring highway of Harbin in the past years the developing discipline of the cracking in a low temperature was analyzed. So that, it is clear that one important point in cracking researches is anti-cracking character of the base layer and the semi-rigid material design according to the anti-cracking requirement.
Furthermore, the frame, flow path and basic principles of the crushed stone gradation volume method are put forward. Forming methods of the graded crushed stone were compared and a proper parameters’combination was determined. Then, the material-technique integrated design method was realized. Through the typical frame design and the comparison of fine aggregate constitute, taking the filling parameter as a technical index, the influence of this index to the structure constitution characteristics of the graded crushed stone was deeply analyzed, from which the design method based on the mechanical characteristics was concluded. With the static tri-axial tests, dynamic tri-axial tests and the MTS cycling loading tests, the structure of the graded crushed stone was evaluated, and the structural variability, stability and integrated structure was used to guide the design of the graded crushed stone and to determine the design index and its technical criteria.
On this basis, with the vibration forming methods and lots of experiments, the dry and temperature shrinkage of frame-densed structure cement stabilized graded crushed stone was systematically studied. Besides, based on the analysis of main factors, the relationship between the filling parameter and the dry shrinkage was understood, which could guide the material design and the construction operation.
Based on the elastic-plastic damage theory, using the ABAQUS finite element software, coupling analysis between the pavement structure temperature field and the dry shrinkage field was made, and the specific conditions that would appear cracks in the curing period was found, which could guide the field construction organization.
Based on the above researches, the research results of cement stabilized graded crushed stone was integrated, the decline of the strength, the character of dry shrinkage and the character of the temperature shrinkage. Then, a proper range of the filling parameter was put forward and the design principles were deduced. What’s more, an improved volume design method was proposed to guide the construction application. In the end, the main results into the Qitai highway construction were applied to validate the application and effects of this technology, as a foundation for the following improved technology system. Through the combination of theory and construction practice, a performance design and optimization of the semi-rigid base layer was primarily realized, and a series of cement stabilized graded crushed stone technology was set up.
首先开展高等级公路沥青路面的横向开裂调查,分析产生开裂的主要原因与技术对策。具体针对性能差异最显著的柔性基层与半刚性基层进行对比,结合哈尔滨西环绕城高速公路逐年调查资料,分析低温开裂的演化规律,从而明确当前沥青路面开裂研究的重点之一在于基层的抗裂特性及基于抗裂性能要求的半刚性材料设计。
进而,提出碎石级配体积设计方法框架、流程与基本原则,比选级配碎石成型方法,确定适宜的参数组合,实现材料—工艺一体化设计。通过设计典型骨架、比选细集料组成,以填充系数为技术指标,深入分析该指标对级配碎石结构组成特征的影响,从而提炼基于力学特性的设计原则。以静三轴试验、动三轴试验和循环加载试验为方法,分别评价级配碎石的结构性,并以结构可变性、结构可稳性、综合结构性指标反馈指导级配碎石设计,明确设计指标及其技术标准。
在此基础上,采用振动成型方法,通过大量的试验,系统研究—骨架密实型水泥稳定级配碎石的干缩与温缩特性,在分析主要影响因素的基础上,明确填充系数与干缩的关系,指导材料设计与施工工艺组织。
以弹塑性损伤理论为基础,应用ABAQUS有限元软件,进行路面结构温度场与干缩场的耦合分析,明确养生期出现开裂破坏的具体条件,以指导现场施工组织。
在上述研究基础上,整合水泥稳定级配碎石结构性、强度衰减、干缩特性及温缩特性研究成果,提出填充系数的合适范围,提炼设计原则,构建完善的体积设计方法,以指导工程应用。最终将主要成果应用于“齐泰”高速公路,以检验此套技术的适用性及其实际效果,作为后续完善技术体系的基础。通过理论与工程实践的相互结合,初步实现半刚性基层的性能设计与优化,构建水泥稳定级配碎石成套技术。
The semi-rigid base asphalt pavement, as a main-stream structure type, plays an important role in our country’s road construction. However, the problems such as cracking and its decline of strength and rigid become an important ingredient which confine the long term durability of the semi-rigid base asphalt pavement structure. Thus, based on the Mohr-Coulomb strength theory, much attention was paid to the structure constitute and characters of the gravels in semi-rigid materials. Utilizing the design theory of the frame-densed cement stabilized graded crushed stone, the mechanical character of the semi-rigid base layer and the character of the anti-cracking was co-ordinated. Taking systematic experimental researches as a main method and assisted by the theoretical analysis concentrating on specific problems, the design method, index system and pavement performance of this kind of semi-rigid base materials were studied. So that, a solid foundation was set for the improvement of the technical system of the semi-rigid base asphalt pavement, the elongation of the pavement structure using life and the enhancement of the using quality. It has a vital significance for the improvement of the comprehensive benefit of the traffic transportation.
First of all, based on the north-east areas, surveys are made on the transverse cracks of the high-grade highway asphalt pavement and analyzed main reasons of cracking and technical countermeasures. For example, since the flexible base and semi-rigid base has the most obvious performance differences, with the survey results of the western-ring highway of Harbin in the past years the developing discipline of the cracking in a low temperature was analyzed. So that, it is clear that one important point in cracking researches is anti-cracking character of the base layer and the semi-rigid material design according to the anti-cracking requirement.
Furthermore, the frame, flow path and basic principles of the crushed stone gradation volume method are put forward. Forming methods of the graded crushed stone were compared and a proper parameters’combination was determined. Then, the material-technique integrated design method was realized. Through the typical frame design and the comparison of fine aggregate constitute, taking the filling parameter as a technical index, the influence of this index to the structure constitution characteristics of the graded crushed stone was deeply analyzed, from which the design method based on the mechanical characteristics was concluded. With the static tri-axial tests, dynamic tri-axial tests and the MTS cycling loading tests, the structure of the graded crushed stone was evaluated, and the structural variability, stability and integrated structure was used to guide the design of the graded crushed stone and to determine the design index and its technical criteria.
On this basis, with the vibration forming methods and lots of experiments, the dry and temperature shrinkage of frame-densed structure cement stabilized graded crushed stone was systematically studied. Besides, based on the analysis of main factors, the relationship between the filling parameter and the dry shrinkage was understood, which could guide the material design and the construction operation.
Based on the elastic-plastic damage theory, using the ABAQUS finite element software, coupling analysis between the pavement structure temperature field and the dry shrinkage field was made, and the specific conditions that would appear cracks in the curing period was found, which could guide the field construction organization.
Based on the above researches, the research results of cement stabilized graded crushed stone was integrated, the decline of the strength, the character of dry shrinkage and the character of the temperature shrinkage. Then, a proper range of the filling parameter was put forward and the design principles were deduced. What’s more, an improved volume design method was proposed to guide the construction application. In the end, the main results into the Qitai highway construction were applied to validate the application and effects of this technology, as a foundation for the following improved technology system. Through the combination of theory and construction practice, a performance design and optimization of the semi-rigid base layer was primarily realized, and a series of cement stabilized graded crushed stone technology was set up.
引文
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