基于SCIE的国际针灸热点及合作团队研究
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摘要
本文通过对2001年至2010年十年间的针灸科技论文进行分析,分析SCIE数据库的针灸研究论文数据,借助汤森路透开发的数据分析软件TDA按国家、机构、第一作者、作者、被引作者、研究方向等进行论文总量、数据库中著录项目间的自相关关系、互相关关系和共现关系分析,以及各个著录项目的频次分析等,找出隐含在针灸科技论文中的规律性信息,同时应用美国德克赛尔大学陈超美教授开发的社会网络可视化分析软件对数据进行分析,找出学科带头人,并经过专家验证。分析后发现,在SCIE范围内,美国在文献量和影响力上,具有一定优势,这与美国针灸科研基础实力相对雄厚、针灸研究起步较早有关。中国、韩国在文献量上快速增长,在SCIE范围内的国际针灸领域逐渐占有一席之地。由于中国的针灸研究无论是在理论上还是临床应用上的研究都相对较深入,而国际上针灸研究起步较晚,理论和临床研究不够深入,并且重视现代针灸研究,所以中国相对很难在SCIE收录的期刊上发表,这导致了中国在SCIE中所占份额相对较少。韩国在SCIE范围内的针灸研究相对浅显,同时他们在研究方向上与国际相似,随之而来的是有利于他们开展国际合作,这几方面的原因使得韩国针灸科技论文在SCIE范围内会呈现出快速增长的趋势。
1.研究背景
目前对于中医药科技论文的研究情况,从文献的信息特征分析,分为外部信息、内部信息、内外交叉信息分析。从研究角度上分,分为区域性分析、学科性分析、机构性分析等,另外还有一些对研究热点的分析。大部分文献采用的分析方法一般有比较分析法、百分比分析法、频次统计分析法等方法,有些分析中会涉及到一些文献计量学的普遍定理,如普赖斯定律、布拉德福定律和H指数等经典计量分析定理。还有些学者应用数据挖掘等方法直接对文献内容进行分析,以期找出学科内部的规律,如专家经验的提取,选方用药的规律等。
2.研究目的
对2001年-2010年十年间SCIE收录的针灸科技论文进行文献计量学分析,总结针灸研究的热点、趋势,最终达到①为领导决策提供参考依据;②探究针灸领域研究发展趋势及研究热点,为科研工作者提供研究方向信息；③提示国际合作的方向与途径。
3.研究内容
本文通过应用现代文献计量学和社会网络分析方法,对SCIE中2001-2010年十年间针灸科技论文进行文献计量学分析,找出数据库中著录项目之间隐含的规律,总结针灸科技论文的发展变化趋势和规律,揭示仅仅通过直接阅读文献不能获取的知识,洞察针灸研究的发展趋势、热点,找出优势与不足,从而给决策者提供参考意见。
4研究方法及结果
本研究采用频次分析法、比较法、共现分析法、自相关分析法、互相关分析法、专家咨询法等方法,同时借助洛特卡定律、共被引分析理论、词汇突变理论、科学前沿和科学基础的关系等理论对数据库中数据进行分析,找出合作团队、科学前沿、研究热点等隐含在针灸科技论文里的知识。同时对针灸科技论文产出规律进行概括,探讨针灸科技论文发展趋势。
4.1TDA分析
4.1.1针灸论文总体情况分析
分析从SCIE下载的针灸文献数据的基本情况,分析各个著录项的数目,在数据库中覆盖范围等信息。如作者、第一作者、被引作者、作者国家、文献类型、文献语言等基本情况。从总体上把握针灸科技论文的情况。
4.1.2国家或地区针灸发文情况分析
统计排名前20的国家十年间发文情况和所占百分比,以及各个国家的研究侧重方向,从文献总量上看,这20个国家当中有7个国家发文量稳步上升,其中美国文献量最大遥遥领先于其他国家,中国和韩国的发展势头值得关注。中国、韩国文献总量发展趋势呈现快速增长,如果保持这样的增长状态,将在几年后超过美国。考虑最近几年中国和韩国从国家的角度上开始重视针灸等传统医学的研究和投入,在文献量上表现出快速增长趋势。从研究方向来看,以美国为中心由西方发达国家组成的团体代表着国际针灸研究的主要方向,主要以补充替代医学、自体疗法、疼痛研究方向为主。中国与这个国际针灸研究主要团队差异较大并且远离这个团队,主要进行除针灸外有电针、实验研究(大鼠)、脑部缺血等方面的研究。日本在灸法方面的研究比较多。台湾对穴位按压、护理的研究较深入。这表明中国在研究方向上与国际研究方向存在差异,究其原因可能是中国针灸研究的理论研究与临床实践研究相对于国际较深入,SCIE的期刊目前更倾向于接受现代针灸研究的文章。
4.1.3机构发文情况分析
韩国庆熙大学发文量最高,韩国研究针灸的大学和机构相对较少,发文相对集中在庆熙大学；美国发文机构种类很多,近20种机构在美国发文,其他国家和地区发文机构相对固定,跟美国相比有科研实力的机构并不多,比如中国,基本上分布在经济比较发达的地区,复旦大学在上海,中国医药大学(台湾)在台湾,北京大学在北京,香港理工大学在香港。这些地区主要是因为经济投入、人才聚集程度相比其他地区要高,产出相应也高。
应用共现分析法找出在研究方向上的相似性,其中最大团队以美国团队为纽带联系欧洲和亚洲团队,这奠定了美国的世界针灸科学研究的中心地位。中国的(复旦大学、北京大学)机构与主体研究方阵遥遥相望,独树一帜,研究方向不与其他研究机构发生关系,即使是在中国范围内也是学科概念上独立的研究机构。这背后的原因是在SCIE收录期刊范围内,中国目前的研究形式、方法和内容由于在理论和临床研究的深入程度较大,所以我们需要多向国外推广我们在针灸研究领域的经验和理论并逐渐影响国际针灸研究的发展方向。
用自相关关系分析法对机构进行分析,发现在实际生活当中机构之间的合作关系,总体来看可以分为5-7个比较大的合作团队,大致分为欧洲的合作团队、美国的合作团队、中国的合作团队和韩国的合作团队。这里发现美国、欧洲之间的合作比较频繁,韩国与他们之间有些交集,但是中国与国外机构的合作(国际合作)相对较少。这也验证了上面以研究方向研究机构得出的结论,中国的针灸研究机构在SCIE范围内因为研究内容和方向上的不同导致实际上中国与其他国家、机构的合作相对较少。
4.1.4作者发文情况分析
在SCIE范围内的针灸论文作者中,排名前30的第一作者在以国家为单位署名发文情况,在美国发文的有14个,英国12个,德国10个,中国有7个,这些国家在最高梯队中占有很大比重。韩国10个,我们可以看到,韩国在第一作者发文方面逐渐向发文量最多群体冲刺。
论文作者往往是以合作的形式进行科学研究的,在论文署名上呈现出的特点是一个研究团队在一系列发表的论文当中,有一些共同作者,这些作者可以揭示出研究团队背后隐含的各种社会关系,这些错综复杂的关系构成了现实生活中的研究团队。对作者之间进行自相关分析,韩国作者为主的团队有两个,说明韩国在针灸研究团队合作性质是很强的。中国和日本等其他国家作者以合作团队发文的情况比较少,比如韩济生院士在排名前50作者中几乎没有合作关系。这说明中国在SCIE范围内有较强影响力的针灸研究专家之间的合作较少,同样考虑是因为中国针灸理论与临床研究的深入程度较其他国家现代针灸研究更深,导致了这样的情况。
对作者的研究方向进行互相关分析,发现欧美研究者研究有关针灸的有效性、疼痛、成本效益、实验研究等方面内容较多,韩国的大部分作者以针灸研究的系统评价、随机对照试验、meta分析为主,相对来说是运用现代统计学方法研究的团队,一小部分作者从针灸作用产生的效应方面进行研究,比如针灸减肥控制肥胖,针刺后产生的生物化学效应等。中国科研人员如果想进入国际针灸研究的团队并逐渐达到带头作用,需将自己的针灸理论与临床实践研究介绍给世界,同时结合现代针灸的研究理论和方法。
4.1.5被引作者分析
通过被引作者的自相关分析和被引作者与引用作者之间的互相关分析,发现英国、美国、德国等西方国家同时被引用的机会较多,奠定了国际上针灸研究的大的科学网络。中国同时被引用的作者的特点是中国作者或者会中文的人群引用的,这可能的原因是引用作者对于中国的研究内容更容易了解带来的结果。
4.1.6期刊情况分析
通过对刊载针灸科技论文的期刊进行分析,发现针灸作为一个科学研究方向在期刊中的总体走势是稳步上升的,主要是补充替代医学类期刊刊登的针灸科技论文比较多,但是目前以针灸为主发文的期刊并不多见。这主要是在国际上针灸往往被认为是补充替代医学里的一部分,与其他补充替代医学共同发表在补充替代医学方面的期刊上。
4.1.7基金资助情况分析
在SCIE范围内对国家和基金进行共现分析,发现美国、中国的资助种类最多,美国的基金资助中,国家补充替代医学中心项目最多；中国的资助基金中,国家自然科学基金资助项目发文量最多；韩国的资助力度也很大；英国的资助基金项目种类也很多,但是发文量并不大。德国几乎没有资助项目,但是发文量比较大,影响力也比较强,这表明德国的基金资助的效果是显著的；其他国家和地区包括日本、台湾、加拿大、澳大利亚、瑞典的基金投入相差不多,并且与论文量比例差异不大。中国、韩国资助的基金都是最近的十年开始的,到2008年呈现出快速增长趋势。德国在针灸研究方面较早应用现代医学研究方法,在研究的规范程度相对成熟,虽然基金资助项目相对比其他国家少,但是长时间的积累带来了针灸研究的高影响力。美国持续的大量科研投入,加上拥有最先进现代医学研究设备、方法,给针灸研究注入了活力,同时保持着稳定的影响力。进入二十一世纪以来,中国对中医药相关方面的研究加大投入的同时,科研产出也是客观的。韩国近几年的投入也带来了丰硕的科研成果。随着各国对补充替代医学的重视程度加大,针灸研究将被更广泛、深入的开展。
4.2CiteSpace针灸论文数据分析
4.2.1整合补充医学类针灸论文分析
应用CiteSpace对针灸论文进行被引文献共现分析,依据被引突变理论对发生突变的被引论文进行查找、分析、总结,找到20位国际针灸研究方面的专家,后经专家咨询进行验证,确定出被找到的文献确实是同时期的学科前沿,也就是学术的转折点。说明用被引文献突变理论也适用于针灸研究领域的学科前沿、学科前沿作者的查找。
5结论
根据对SCIE十年间针灸科技论文分析,不难发现在SCIE数据库范围内无论从学科研究方向上还是合作团队,目前SCIE范围内国际针灸研究主要是以现代针灸研究为主,美国为带头国家,与欧洲的德国、英国联合共同组成了国际针灸研究的主体团队,一些欧洲、澳洲的发达国家不同程度的参与其中,亚洲国家和地区的韩国、台湾与这个最大针灸研究国际团队交流相对较频繁,尤其是韩国在针灸研究方向上和合作团队上都是不容忽视的。中国由于在针灸理论与临床实践的研究较深入,所以国际上对中国的临床研究和理论研究重视不够,这导致了中国在SCIE中所占份额相对较少。目前科学研究的发展趋势是广泛的合作,从个人到机构以及国家之间的交流与合作非常频繁,所以中国针灸研究需要在将自己的理论和临床实践研究推向国际,将我们的经验介绍给国际社会。通过对针灸科技论文的被引突变研究发现,目前在SCIE范围内引领国际针灸研究领域发展的专家(作者)多数是注重较初浅的现代针灸研究的,如美国、德国专家,他们在针灸研究领域有一定的影响力,从他们研究的学科方向上以及合作关系看出目前国际针灸研究的发展和合作趋势,我们可以从他们的研究角度作为切入点,将我们的研究理论和经验介绍给国际社会,从而引导国际针灸研究的发展。
通过对SCIE针灸科技论文的合作团队和研究热点的分析,提出以下两点建议：
1)对决策者来说,可以鼓励开展国际合作和相应的政策倾斜。同时鼓励科研工作者将自己所做的成果发表在国外(英文)的学术期刊上,这样可以将我们所做的科学研究介绍给国外,让国际上的科学工作者更多的了解我们所做的成果,最终达到引领国际针灸研究领域的潮流；
2)对于研究者来说,在保持我们自己的针灸理论与临床实践研究优势的同时,可以借鉴国外的针灸研究领域的新方法、新手段以及他们的研究内容,甚至于西医研究领域的方法、手段,取长补短,来充实国内的针灸研究；
In this paper, the Acupuncture scientific papers from SCIE in the2001-2010decade are analyzed. Countries, organizations, first author, author, cited author, research subject are analyzed from the aspect of publication amount, auto correlation, cross correlation, co-occurrence and frequency by using TDA developed by Thomson Reuters, to identify implicit regularity information in Acupuncture scientific papers. Meanwhile apply the social network visualization analysis software CiteSpace developed by Professor Chen Chaomei, University of Drexel to analyze the data. Academic leaders are identified, and validated by experts. The analysis found that United States both in the volume or influence of the papers occupies an absolute advantage; the reason is the basic strength of acupuncture research and acupuncture research study started earlier.
China, South Korea, showed the rapid growth in the volume of papers, they played an important role in the field of international acupuncture research. The attendant is in their favor international cooperation.
1. Background
Chinese Medical scientific paper analysis from the information characteristics is divided into external information, internal information and internal and external intersection information analysis. From the research perspective, sub-divided into regional analysis, subject analysis, institutional analysis. Most of the literature analysis using analytical methods, generally they are comparative analysis, percentage analysis, frequency analysis. Some analysis involves general theorems of bibliometrics, Classic bibliometric Analysis, such as Price's law, Bradford's law and the H index theorem. Some scholars applied data mining methods analyzed directly literature content to identify the disciplines within the law, such as extracting expertise, the law of Prescription. These Literature analyses often only embrace general information or a point within a subject of the literature. This makes the readers have few opportunities to obtain intuitive and useful information from the literature. It causes preparatory work for scientific research-literature queries and read a great obstacles, a waste of human and material resources and time.
2. Purpose
This study intends to carry out bibliometric analysis for acupuncture scientific papers from SCIE (2001-2010), Summary acupuncture research hotspots, trends, and ultimately achieve①In order to provide reference for leadership decision-making;②to explore trends and research focus in the field of acupuncture to provide researchers direction information;③to prompt directions and ways of international cooperation.
3. Contents
In this paper, the Acupuncture scientific papers from SCIE in the2001-2010decade are analyzed by using Modern bibliometrics and social network analysis methods. Implicit regularity information in Acupuncture scientific papers was identified. The development trend and laws of the Acupuncture scientific papers were summarized. Reveal the knowledge that cannot be obtained by reading the literature directly. Insight into the development of acupuncture research trends, Identify the strengths and weaknesses, so as to provide a reference to decision makers.
4. Data analysis and result
In this study, frequency analysis, comparison, co-occurrence analysis, autocorrelation analysis, cross-correlation analysis and experts consulting methods are used, with help of Lotka Law, co-citation analysis theory, vocabulary burst theory, the relationship of research fronts and intellectual bases theory to analyze the data of acupuncture scientific papers. Identify cooperative team, research fronts and research focus knowledge implied in Acupuncture scientific papers. At the same time the laws of acupuncture output of scientific papers were generalized and acupuncture Scientific Papers trends were explored.
4.1TDA analysis
4.1.1Overall analysis of acupuncture scientific papers
Overall analysis of acupuncture scientific papers was carried out. The number of bibliographic entries, Coverage of the information in the database was analyzed, such as the authors, first authors, cited authors, countries, document type and language. Acupuncture scientific papers were grasped as a whole.
4.1.2Countries or regions'acupuncture scientific papers analysis
The percentage of the papers of the top20countries in the decade was calculated, as well as the direction of each country's research focuses. The volume of seven countries from the20has been raising steadily, The US volume is the largest and far ahead of other countries, China and South Korea, the momentum of development is worth of concern. Their volume trends show rapid growth. If they maintain this growth, they will surpass the United States in a few years. Consider China and South Korea in recent years, from a national perspective, starting to focus on acupuncture and traditional medicine research and investment. From the research direction point of view, the US-centric group of developed countries represents the main direction of international acupuncture research. Complementary and Alternative Medicine, auto hemotherapy and pain research are their main research field. China is quite different and far away from international acupuncture research group. In addition to acupuncture, electro-acupuncture, experimental study (rat), brain ischemia, and other aspects are focused. Japan has more moxibustion research. Taiwan has more acupressure, nursing articles. This indicates that China in the direction of the study failed to internationalize. The reason may be caused by differences in the basic theory of the research between China and Western countries, i.e. China has more in-depth theoretical and clinical studies of acupuncture, while major international research focuses on modern acupuncture. And the lack of international cooperation, differences in research methods, content are the reason too.
4.1.3Analysis of institutions
Universities and institutions in South Korea doing acupuncture research are relatively few. Kyung Hee University has the highest volume. The United States has many different types of institutions doing acupuncture research. Nearly20institutions are in the United States. Institutions of other countries and regions are relatively fixed, concerning research strength, compared with the United States there are not many institutions. Such as China, Basically distribution in the economy is relatively developed regions, Fudan University in Shanghai, China Medical University in Taiwan, Peking University, Beijing and Hong Kong Polytechnic University in Hong Kong. These areas mainly because of the funding and the level of well educated people gathered are higher compared to other parts of the country. Then the output is correspondingly higher.
Co-occurrence analysis method was used to find the similarity in the direction of research; the largest team is the team of the United States as a link to connect the European and Asian teams, which laid the US the center position of the world acupuncture scientific research. Institutions in China (Fudan University, Peking University) are far away from the main acupuncture research group. The directions of research are very different from others even in China. The reason behind this is the current forms, methods and content of research is working behind closed doors. On one hand, As the birthplace of acupuncture China has its unique. On the other hand, Acupuncture research in China has little exchange with the outside world (including domestic and foreign), so the cooperation opportunities are relatively few.
Autocorrelation analysis was carried out on institutional analysis. in the real life cooperative relationships were Found among institutions. Overall, there are5-7large cooperative teams, roughly divided into cooperation team in Europe, the U.S. team cooperation, cooperation team of Chinese and South Korean cooperation team. More frequent cooperation between the United States and Europe is discovered. South Korea has some intersection with them. But China's cooperation with foreign institutions (international cooperation) is relatively small. It also verified the conclusions of the above research direction of research institutions. Because Chinese acupuncture research institutions' research content and direction are different from others', institutions from China and other countries have relatively small cooperation.
4.1.4Author analysis
Top30of the first authors' publication nationality, there are14from the United States,12from Britain,10from Germany,7from China. A large proportion of these countries are at the highest echelon. There are10first authors in the top30. We can see, the first authors from South Korea are gradually moving up to the top group.
Co-operation is the main form of scientific research. Many authors showed up together in a series of papers published. These authors reveal various social relations behind the research team. These intricate relations constitute the research team in real life. South Korea has two groups, which means South Korea in the cooperative nature of acupuncture research team is very strong. Other countries such as China and Japan have less of cooperation team. For example, Academician Han Jisheng of almost has no cooperative relationship in the top50. This shows that less cooperation among the Chinese experts with strong influence in the world within acupuncture research. They are in their own research circle and lack of communication with other domestic and international acupuncture experts. This takes into account on one hand, research direction in our study is different from other countries. On the other hand, consider that possible because of the geographical and linguistic barriers. Although has big overall volume of documentation, China has rarely very influential researchers worldwide from the SCIE perspective.
Cross-Correlation analysis were carried out for author based on Research directions, Aspects of validity, pain, cost-effective, experimental research on acupuncture were found in European and American research. South Korea focuses acupuncture research reviews system, randomized controlled trials, Meta analysis etc. Relatively speaking, most of them are modern statistical methods research team, a small part of the teams focuses the effect produced by acupuncture. Such as weight losing acupuncture to control obesity and acupuncture biochemical effects. If Chinese researchers want to get into this international research team and gradually take the lead, Must refer to the direction of the other countries, research and cooperation with their own advantages.
4.1.5Cited authors analysis
Cross-Correlation analysis was carried out for cited author based on authors. The United Kingdom, the United States, Germany and other Western countries have more opportunities to be cited at the same time, which laid a large scientific network on acupuncture research. Co-cited authors from China are often Chinese speaking authors or who can read Chinese. This may be because the authors understand the consequences of China's research easily.
4.1.6Periodicals analysis
After analyzing the journals published acupuncture scientific papers,
Acupuncture as a scientific research direction of the overall trend in the journal found that is steadily rising, Acupuncture scientific papers were mainly published in Complementary and Alternative journals. Journals only on acupuncture are rare. Which means acupuncture is often considered part of Complementary and Alternative Medicine internationally. Together with other complementary and alternative medicine, acupuncture papers were published in complementary and alternative medicine journals.
4.1.7Fund analysis
From the country and the Fund co-occurrence analysis, Found that the United States, China, funded the widest range. Fund of the United States, the National Center for Complementary alternative medical center have the most projects. In subsidy funds in China, the National Natural Science Foundation-funded project is the most. South Korea has many funding projects. British also have many types of Subsidy Fund, but not large published articles. Germany barely has funded projects, but have larger published articles. And their influence is strong, which shows that the effect of the input-output in Germany is significant. Other countries and regions including Japan, Taiwan, Canada, Australia and Sweden have almost the same kinds of fund invested, and papers difference is insignificant in proportion.
China and South Korea's funds were begun in the last decade. In2010, they showed a trend of rapid growth. Germany started acupuncture research earlier, application of modern medical research in the study and the extent of regulation is relatively mature in modern acupuncture, although in recent years invested less than other countries, but the long accumulation brought high influence of acupuncture research. Large continuing research investment of U.S., coupled with the most advanced and modern medical research equipment, methods, which input energy into Acupuncture research and maintained a stable influence. Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, especially after the SARS, China increased investment in the research of Chinese medicine; an objective scientific research output can be seen. Investment in scientific research in South Korea in recent years has also brought great achievements. With the increasing emphasis worldwide on Complementary and Alternative Medicine, acupuncture research will be more extensively, deeply carried out.
4.2CiteSpace analysis
4.2.1Integrative Complementary Medicine
CiteSpace analysis for acupuncture Papers was carried out. The burst cited papers were found, analyzed and summarized based on the cited burst theory.20international experts in acupuncture research were found. After experts'advice verified, the articles found are indeed the research front in the same period, which are the turning points in the academic field. With citations burst theory applies to the finding of research fronts and the authors. These experts were all complementary and alternative medicine, or acupuncture cost-effective and validation experts. From today's point of view, these research areas are the field of international acupuncture research direction now.
5Summaries
Acupuncture scientific papers SCIE decade analysis, it is not difficult to find either from disciplinary research direction or cooperative team, international acupuncture research is mainly based on the United States leading international acupuncture research group in the world of SCIE (or English world), Jointly with countries from Europe like Germany, the United Kingdom. Some other developed countries in Europe and Australia have varying degrees of participation. Countries and regions in Asia such as South Korea and Taiwan have relatively frequent exchanges with the largest acupuncture study international team. In particular, South Korea in acupuncture research direction and co-team should not be overlooked. From the research direction of international cooperation aspect, a big gap between China and the international mainstream, especially in the cooperation was not as good as South Korea, even the domestic cooperation is not enough.
1.研究背景
目前对于中医药科技论文的研究情况,从文献的信息特征分析,分为外部信息、内部信息、内外交叉信息分析。从研究角度上分,分为区域性分析、学科性分析、机构性分析等,另外还有一些对研究热点的分析。大部分文献采用的分析方法一般有比较分析法、百分比分析法、频次统计分析法等方法,有些分析中会涉及到一些文献计量学的普遍定理,如普赖斯定律、布拉德福定律和H指数等经典计量分析定理。还有些学者应用数据挖掘等方法直接对文献内容进行分析,以期找出学科内部的规律,如专家经验的提取,选方用药的规律等。
2.研究目的
对2001年-2010年十年间SCIE收录的针灸科技论文进行文献计量学分析,总结针灸研究的热点、趋势,最终达到①为领导决策提供参考依据;②探究针灸领域研究发展趋势及研究热点,为科研工作者提供研究方向信息；③提示国际合作的方向与途径。
3.研究内容
本文通过应用现代文献计量学和社会网络分析方法,对SCIE中2001-2010年十年间针灸科技论文进行文献计量学分析,找出数据库中著录项目之间隐含的规律,总结针灸科技论文的发展变化趋势和规律,揭示仅仅通过直接阅读文献不能获取的知识,洞察针灸研究的发展趋势、热点,找出优势与不足,从而给决策者提供参考意见。
4研究方法及结果
本研究采用频次分析法、比较法、共现分析法、自相关分析法、互相关分析法、专家咨询法等方法,同时借助洛特卡定律、共被引分析理论、词汇突变理论、科学前沿和科学基础的关系等理论对数据库中数据进行分析,找出合作团队、科学前沿、研究热点等隐含在针灸科技论文里的知识。同时对针灸科技论文产出规律进行概括,探讨针灸科技论文发展趋势。
4.1TDA分析
4.1.1针灸论文总体情况分析
分析从SCIE下载的针灸文献数据的基本情况,分析各个著录项的数目,在数据库中覆盖范围等信息。如作者、第一作者、被引作者、作者国家、文献类型、文献语言等基本情况。从总体上把握针灸科技论文的情况。
4.1.2国家或地区针灸发文情况分析
统计排名前20的国家十年间发文情况和所占百分比,以及各个国家的研究侧重方向,从文献总量上看,这20个国家当中有7个国家发文量稳步上升,其中美国文献量最大遥遥领先于其他国家,中国和韩国的发展势头值得关注。中国、韩国文献总量发展趋势呈现快速增长,如果保持这样的增长状态,将在几年后超过美国。考虑最近几年中国和韩国从国家的角度上开始重视针灸等传统医学的研究和投入,在文献量上表现出快速增长趋势。从研究方向来看,以美国为中心由西方发达国家组成的团体代表着国际针灸研究的主要方向,主要以补充替代医学、自体疗法、疼痛研究方向为主。中国与这个国际针灸研究主要团队差异较大并且远离这个团队,主要进行除针灸外有电针、实验研究(大鼠)、脑部缺血等方面的研究。日本在灸法方面的研究比较多。台湾对穴位按压、护理的研究较深入。这表明中国在研究方向上与国际研究方向存在差异,究其原因可能是中国针灸研究的理论研究与临床实践研究相对于国际较深入,SCIE的期刊目前更倾向于接受现代针灸研究的文章。
4.1.3机构发文情况分析
韩国庆熙大学发文量最高,韩国研究针灸的大学和机构相对较少,发文相对集中在庆熙大学；美国发文机构种类很多,近20种机构在美国发文,其他国家和地区发文机构相对固定,跟美国相比有科研实力的机构并不多,比如中国,基本上分布在经济比较发达的地区,复旦大学在上海,中国医药大学(台湾)在台湾,北京大学在北京,香港理工大学在香港。这些地区主要是因为经济投入、人才聚集程度相比其他地区要高,产出相应也高。
应用共现分析法找出在研究方向上的相似性,其中最大团队以美国团队为纽带联系欧洲和亚洲团队,这奠定了美国的世界针灸科学研究的中心地位。中国的(复旦大学、北京大学)机构与主体研究方阵遥遥相望,独树一帜,研究方向不与其他研究机构发生关系,即使是在中国范围内也是学科概念上独立的研究机构。这背后的原因是在SCIE收录期刊范围内,中国目前的研究形式、方法和内容由于在理论和临床研究的深入程度较大,所以我们需要多向国外推广我们在针灸研究领域的经验和理论并逐渐影响国际针灸研究的发展方向。
用自相关关系分析法对机构进行分析,发现在实际生活当中机构之间的合作关系,总体来看可以分为5-7个比较大的合作团队,大致分为欧洲的合作团队、美国的合作团队、中国的合作团队和韩国的合作团队。这里发现美国、欧洲之间的合作比较频繁,韩国与他们之间有些交集,但是中国与国外机构的合作(国际合作)相对较少。这也验证了上面以研究方向研究机构得出的结论,中国的针灸研究机构在SCIE范围内因为研究内容和方向上的不同导致实际上中国与其他国家、机构的合作相对较少。
4.1.4作者发文情况分析
在SCIE范围内的针灸论文作者中,排名前30的第一作者在以国家为单位署名发文情况,在美国发文的有14个,英国12个,德国10个,中国有7个,这些国家在最高梯队中占有很大比重。韩国10个,我们可以看到,韩国在第一作者发文方面逐渐向发文量最多群体冲刺。
论文作者往往是以合作的形式进行科学研究的,在论文署名上呈现出的特点是一个研究团队在一系列发表的论文当中,有一些共同作者,这些作者可以揭示出研究团队背后隐含的各种社会关系,这些错综复杂的关系构成了现实生活中的研究团队。对作者之间进行自相关分析,韩国作者为主的团队有两个,说明韩国在针灸研究团队合作性质是很强的。中国和日本等其他国家作者以合作团队发文的情况比较少,比如韩济生院士在排名前50作者中几乎没有合作关系。这说明中国在SCIE范围内有较强影响力的针灸研究专家之间的合作较少,同样考虑是因为中国针灸理论与临床研究的深入程度较其他国家现代针灸研究更深,导致了这样的情况。
对作者的研究方向进行互相关分析,发现欧美研究者研究有关针灸的有效性、疼痛、成本效益、实验研究等方面内容较多,韩国的大部分作者以针灸研究的系统评价、随机对照试验、meta分析为主,相对来说是运用现代统计学方法研究的团队,一小部分作者从针灸作用产生的效应方面进行研究,比如针灸减肥控制肥胖,针刺后产生的生物化学效应等。中国科研人员如果想进入国际针灸研究的团队并逐渐达到带头作用,需将自己的针灸理论与临床实践研究介绍给世界,同时结合现代针灸的研究理论和方法。
4.1.5被引作者分析
通过被引作者的自相关分析和被引作者与引用作者之间的互相关分析,发现英国、美国、德国等西方国家同时被引用的机会较多,奠定了国际上针灸研究的大的科学网络。中国同时被引用的作者的特点是中国作者或者会中文的人群引用的,这可能的原因是引用作者对于中国的研究内容更容易了解带来的结果。
4.1.6期刊情况分析
通过对刊载针灸科技论文的期刊进行分析,发现针灸作为一个科学研究方向在期刊中的总体走势是稳步上升的,主要是补充替代医学类期刊刊登的针灸科技论文比较多,但是目前以针灸为主发文的期刊并不多见。这主要是在国际上针灸往往被认为是补充替代医学里的一部分,与其他补充替代医学共同发表在补充替代医学方面的期刊上。
4.1.7基金资助情况分析
在SCIE范围内对国家和基金进行共现分析,发现美国、中国的资助种类最多,美国的基金资助中,国家补充替代医学中心项目最多；中国的资助基金中,国家自然科学基金资助项目发文量最多；韩国的资助力度也很大；英国的资助基金项目种类也很多,但是发文量并不大。德国几乎没有资助项目,但是发文量比较大,影响力也比较强,这表明德国的基金资助的效果是显著的；其他国家和地区包括日本、台湾、加拿大、澳大利亚、瑞典的基金投入相差不多,并且与论文量比例差异不大。中国、韩国资助的基金都是最近的十年开始的,到2008年呈现出快速增长趋势。德国在针灸研究方面较早应用现代医学研究方法,在研究的规范程度相对成熟,虽然基金资助项目相对比其他国家少,但是长时间的积累带来了针灸研究的高影响力。美国持续的大量科研投入,加上拥有最先进现代医学研究设备、方法,给针灸研究注入了活力,同时保持着稳定的影响力。进入二十一世纪以来,中国对中医药相关方面的研究加大投入的同时,科研产出也是客观的。韩国近几年的投入也带来了丰硕的科研成果。随着各国对补充替代医学的重视程度加大,针灸研究将被更广泛、深入的开展。
4.2CiteSpace针灸论文数据分析
4.2.1整合补充医学类针灸论文分析
应用CiteSpace对针灸论文进行被引文献共现分析,依据被引突变理论对发生突变的被引论文进行查找、分析、总结,找到20位国际针灸研究方面的专家,后经专家咨询进行验证,确定出被找到的文献确实是同时期的学科前沿,也就是学术的转折点。说明用被引文献突变理论也适用于针灸研究领域的学科前沿、学科前沿作者的查找。
5结论
根据对SCIE十年间针灸科技论文分析,不难发现在SCIE数据库范围内无论从学科研究方向上还是合作团队,目前SCIE范围内国际针灸研究主要是以现代针灸研究为主,美国为带头国家,与欧洲的德国、英国联合共同组成了国际针灸研究的主体团队,一些欧洲、澳洲的发达国家不同程度的参与其中,亚洲国家和地区的韩国、台湾与这个最大针灸研究国际团队交流相对较频繁,尤其是韩国在针灸研究方向上和合作团队上都是不容忽视的。中国由于在针灸理论与临床实践的研究较深入,所以国际上对中国的临床研究和理论研究重视不够,这导致了中国在SCIE中所占份额相对较少。目前科学研究的发展趋势是广泛的合作,从个人到机构以及国家之间的交流与合作非常频繁,所以中国针灸研究需要在将自己的理论和临床实践研究推向国际,将我们的经验介绍给国际社会。通过对针灸科技论文的被引突变研究发现,目前在SCIE范围内引领国际针灸研究领域发展的专家(作者)多数是注重较初浅的现代针灸研究的,如美国、德国专家,他们在针灸研究领域有一定的影响力,从他们研究的学科方向上以及合作关系看出目前国际针灸研究的发展和合作趋势,我们可以从他们的研究角度作为切入点,将我们的研究理论和经验介绍给国际社会,从而引导国际针灸研究的发展。
通过对SCIE针灸科技论文的合作团队和研究热点的分析,提出以下两点建议：
1)对决策者来说,可以鼓励开展国际合作和相应的政策倾斜。同时鼓励科研工作者将自己所做的成果发表在国外(英文)的学术期刊上,这样可以将我们所做的科学研究介绍给国外,让国际上的科学工作者更多的了解我们所做的成果,最终达到引领国际针灸研究领域的潮流；
2)对于研究者来说,在保持我们自己的针灸理论与临床实践研究优势的同时,可以借鉴国外的针灸研究领域的新方法、新手段以及他们的研究内容,甚至于西医研究领域的方法、手段,取长补短,来充实国内的针灸研究；
In this paper, the Acupuncture scientific papers from SCIE in the2001-2010decade are analyzed. Countries, organizations, first author, author, cited author, research subject are analyzed from the aspect of publication amount, auto correlation, cross correlation, co-occurrence and frequency by using TDA developed by Thomson Reuters, to identify implicit regularity information in Acupuncture scientific papers. Meanwhile apply the social network visualization analysis software CiteSpace developed by Professor Chen Chaomei, University of Drexel to analyze the data. Academic leaders are identified, and validated by experts. The analysis found that United States both in the volume or influence of the papers occupies an absolute advantage; the reason is the basic strength of acupuncture research and acupuncture research study started earlier.
China, South Korea, showed the rapid growth in the volume of papers, they played an important role in the field of international acupuncture research. The attendant is in their favor international cooperation.
1. Background
Chinese Medical scientific paper analysis from the information characteristics is divided into external information, internal information and internal and external intersection information analysis. From the research perspective, sub-divided into regional analysis, subject analysis, institutional analysis. Most of the literature analysis using analytical methods, generally they are comparative analysis, percentage analysis, frequency analysis. Some analysis involves general theorems of bibliometrics, Classic bibliometric Analysis, such as Price's law, Bradford's law and the H index theorem. Some scholars applied data mining methods analyzed directly literature content to identify the disciplines within the law, such as extracting expertise, the law of Prescription. These Literature analyses often only embrace general information or a point within a subject of the literature. This makes the readers have few opportunities to obtain intuitive and useful information from the literature. It causes preparatory work for scientific research-literature queries and read a great obstacles, a waste of human and material resources and time.
2. Purpose
This study intends to carry out bibliometric analysis for acupuncture scientific papers from SCIE (2001-2010), Summary acupuncture research hotspots, trends, and ultimately achieve①In order to provide reference for leadership decision-making;②to explore trends and research focus in the field of acupuncture to provide researchers direction information;③to prompt directions and ways of international cooperation.
3. Contents
In this paper, the Acupuncture scientific papers from SCIE in the2001-2010decade are analyzed by using Modern bibliometrics and social network analysis methods. Implicit regularity information in Acupuncture scientific papers was identified. The development trend and laws of the Acupuncture scientific papers were summarized. Reveal the knowledge that cannot be obtained by reading the literature directly. Insight into the development of acupuncture research trends, Identify the strengths and weaknesses, so as to provide a reference to decision makers.
4. Data analysis and result
In this study, frequency analysis, comparison, co-occurrence analysis, autocorrelation analysis, cross-correlation analysis and experts consulting methods are used, with help of Lotka Law, co-citation analysis theory, vocabulary burst theory, the relationship of research fronts and intellectual bases theory to analyze the data of acupuncture scientific papers. Identify cooperative team, research fronts and research focus knowledge implied in Acupuncture scientific papers. At the same time the laws of acupuncture output of scientific papers were generalized and acupuncture Scientific Papers trends were explored.
4.1TDA analysis
4.1.1Overall analysis of acupuncture scientific papers
Overall analysis of acupuncture scientific papers was carried out. The number of bibliographic entries, Coverage of the information in the database was analyzed, such as the authors, first authors, cited authors, countries, document type and language. Acupuncture scientific papers were grasped as a whole.
4.1.2Countries or regions'acupuncture scientific papers analysis
The percentage of the papers of the top20countries in the decade was calculated, as well as the direction of each country's research focuses. The volume of seven countries from the20has been raising steadily, The US volume is the largest and far ahead of other countries, China and South Korea, the momentum of development is worth of concern. Their volume trends show rapid growth. If they maintain this growth, they will surpass the United States in a few years. Consider China and South Korea in recent years, from a national perspective, starting to focus on acupuncture and traditional medicine research and investment. From the research direction point of view, the US-centric group of developed countries represents the main direction of international acupuncture research. Complementary and Alternative Medicine, auto hemotherapy and pain research are their main research field. China is quite different and far away from international acupuncture research group. In addition to acupuncture, electro-acupuncture, experimental study (rat), brain ischemia, and other aspects are focused. Japan has more moxibustion research. Taiwan has more acupressure, nursing articles. This indicates that China in the direction of the study failed to internationalize. The reason may be caused by differences in the basic theory of the research between China and Western countries, i.e. China has more in-depth theoretical and clinical studies of acupuncture, while major international research focuses on modern acupuncture. And the lack of international cooperation, differences in research methods, content are the reason too.
4.1.3Analysis of institutions
Universities and institutions in South Korea doing acupuncture research are relatively few. Kyung Hee University has the highest volume. The United States has many different types of institutions doing acupuncture research. Nearly20institutions are in the United States. Institutions of other countries and regions are relatively fixed, concerning research strength, compared with the United States there are not many institutions. Such as China, Basically distribution in the economy is relatively developed regions, Fudan University in Shanghai, China Medical University in Taiwan, Peking University, Beijing and Hong Kong Polytechnic University in Hong Kong. These areas mainly because of the funding and the level of well educated people gathered are higher compared to other parts of the country. Then the output is correspondingly higher.
Co-occurrence analysis method was used to find the similarity in the direction of research; the largest team is the team of the United States as a link to connect the European and Asian teams, which laid the US the center position of the world acupuncture scientific research. Institutions in China (Fudan University, Peking University) are far away from the main acupuncture research group. The directions of research are very different from others even in China. The reason behind this is the current forms, methods and content of research is working behind closed doors. On one hand, As the birthplace of acupuncture China has its unique. On the other hand, Acupuncture research in China has little exchange with the outside world (including domestic and foreign), so the cooperation opportunities are relatively few.
Autocorrelation analysis was carried out on institutional analysis. in the real life cooperative relationships were Found among institutions. Overall, there are5-7large cooperative teams, roughly divided into cooperation team in Europe, the U.S. team cooperation, cooperation team of Chinese and South Korean cooperation team. More frequent cooperation between the United States and Europe is discovered. South Korea has some intersection with them. But China's cooperation with foreign institutions (international cooperation) is relatively small. It also verified the conclusions of the above research direction of research institutions. Because Chinese acupuncture research institutions' research content and direction are different from others', institutions from China and other countries have relatively small cooperation.
4.1.4Author analysis
Top30of the first authors' publication nationality, there are14from the United States,12from Britain,10from Germany,7from China. A large proportion of these countries are at the highest echelon. There are10first authors in the top30. We can see, the first authors from South Korea are gradually moving up to the top group.
Co-operation is the main form of scientific research. Many authors showed up together in a series of papers published. These authors reveal various social relations behind the research team. These intricate relations constitute the research team in real life. South Korea has two groups, which means South Korea in the cooperative nature of acupuncture research team is very strong. Other countries such as China and Japan have less of cooperation team. For example, Academician Han Jisheng of almost has no cooperative relationship in the top50. This shows that less cooperation among the Chinese experts with strong influence in the world within acupuncture research. They are in their own research circle and lack of communication with other domestic and international acupuncture experts. This takes into account on one hand, research direction in our study is different from other countries. On the other hand, consider that possible because of the geographical and linguistic barriers. Although has big overall volume of documentation, China has rarely very influential researchers worldwide from the SCIE perspective.
Cross-Correlation analysis were carried out for author based on Research directions, Aspects of validity, pain, cost-effective, experimental research on acupuncture were found in European and American research. South Korea focuses acupuncture research reviews system, randomized controlled trials, Meta analysis etc. Relatively speaking, most of them are modern statistical methods research team, a small part of the teams focuses the effect produced by acupuncture. Such as weight losing acupuncture to control obesity and acupuncture biochemical effects. If Chinese researchers want to get into this international research team and gradually take the lead, Must refer to the direction of the other countries, research and cooperation with their own advantages.
4.1.5Cited authors analysis
Cross-Correlation analysis was carried out for cited author based on authors. The United Kingdom, the United States, Germany and other Western countries have more opportunities to be cited at the same time, which laid a large scientific network on acupuncture research. Co-cited authors from China are often Chinese speaking authors or who can read Chinese. This may be because the authors understand the consequences of China's research easily.
4.1.6Periodicals analysis
After analyzing the journals published acupuncture scientific papers,
Acupuncture as a scientific research direction of the overall trend in the journal found that is steadily rising, Acupuncture scientific papers were mainly published in Complementary and Alternative journals. Journals only on acupuncture are rare. Which means acupuncture is often considered part of Complementary and Alternative Medicine internationally. Together with other complementary and alternative medicine, acupuncture papers were published in complementary and alternative medicine journals.
4.1.7Fund analysis
From the country and the Fund co-occurrence analysis, Found that the United States, China, funded the widest range. Fund of the United States, the National Center for Complementary alternative medical center have the most projects. In subsidy funds in China, the National Natural Science Foundation-funded project is the most. South Korea has many funding projects. British also have many types of Subsidy Fund, but not large published articles. Germany barely has funded projects, but have larger published articles. And their influence is strong, which shows that the effect of the input-output in Germany is significant. Other countries and regions including Japan, Taiwan, Canada, Australia and Sweden have almost the same kinds of fund invested, and papers difference is insignificant in proportion.
China and South Korea's funds were begun in the last decade. In2010, they showed a trend of rapid growth. Germany started acupuncture research earlier, application of modern medical research in the study and the extent of regulation is relatively mature in modern acupuncture, although in recent years invested less than other countries, but the long accumulation brought high influence of acupuncture research. Large continuing research investment of U.S., coupled with the most advanced and modern medical research equipment, methods, which input energy into Acupuncture research and maintained a stable influence. Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, especially after the SARS, China increased investment in the research of Chinese medicine; an objective scientific research output can be seen. Investment in scientific research in South Korea in recent years has also brought great achievements. With the increasing emphasis worldwide on Complementary and Alternative Medicine, acupuncture research will be more extensively, deeply carried out.
4.2CiteSpace analysis
4.2.1Integrative Complementary Medicine
CiteSpace analysis for acupuncture Papers was carried out. The burst cited papers were found, analyzed and summarized based on the cited burst theory.20international experts in acupuncture research were found. After experts'advice verified, the articles found are indeed the research front in the same period, which are the turning points in the academic field. With citations burst theory applies to the finding of research fronts and the authors. These experts were all complementary and alternative medicine, or acupuncture cost-effective and validation experts. From today's point of view, these research areas are the field of international acupuncture research direction now.
5Summaries
Acupuncture scientific papers SCIE decade analysis, it is not difficult to find either from disciplinary research direction or cooperative team, international acupuncture research is mainly based on the United States leading international acupuncture research group in the world of SCIE (or English world), Jointly with countries from Europe like Germany, the United Kingdom. Some other developed countries in Europe and Australia have varying degrees of participation. Countries and regions in Asia such as South Korea and Taiwan have relatively frequent exchanges with the largest acupuncture study international team. In particular, South Korea in acupuncture research direction and co-team should not be overlooked. From the research direction of international cooperation aspect, a big gap between China and the international mainstream, especially in the cooperation was not as good as South Korea, even the domestic cooperation is not enough.
引文
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