不同性能滤料负载粉尘层联合脱除模拟烟气中气态汞的试验研究
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摘要
随着第二次工业革命时代的到来,燃煤汞污染的控制问题便成为了环保领域内一个热点课题；自上世纪九十年代起,我国对燃煤汞污染控制技术的重视都提到了一个新的高度,国家“973”计划和“863”计划均将燃煤汞控制列为一个重点的专项研究课题,本文的研究内容也是这些研究计划中的一个重要组成部分。
本论文着重叙述了燃煤汞赋存特性以及国内外有关燃煤电站汞测量和控制技术的研究进展和方法,并在此基础上,完善和优化了一整套适用于干法联合脱除Hg0试验研究的装置及设备；在固定床试验系统上,研究了不同滤料纤维、燃煤飞灰、PPS掺炭纤维协同飞灰以及滤料负载粉尘层对模拟烟气中Hg0的脱除性能,并就吸附反应温度、入口Hg0浓度、烟气停留时间等因素,对PPS掺炭纤维协同飞灰以及滤料负载粉尘层联合脱除Hg0性能的影响进行了研究,为干法联合脱除可吸入颗粒物及重金属汞、研究飞灰和不同性能纤维滤料联合脱除Hg0提供有益的参考。
研究表明：从七种纤维中优选出PPS纤维是最适宜制作掺炭纤维的材料,最佳掺炭比为1：1；PPS掺炭纤维对Hg0的脱除率随着活性炭纤维比重的增加而增大,但脱汞率并不是成正比关系上升的；燃煤飞灰和PPS掺炭纤维对Hg0的吸附是物理吸附和化学吸附的共同结果,它们各自的脱汞效率分别可达27%和65%左右；PPS掺炭纤维负载飞灰的联合脱汞效率并不是二者单独脱除效率的代数叠加,它分别受到吸附反应温度、入口汞浓度和烟气停留时间等因素的影响。吸附反应温度越高,燃煤飞灰和PPS掺炭纤维对Hg0的联合脱除效率越低；入口汞浓度的增加并不一定会提高脱除效率；烟气停留时间越大,越有利于Hg0的脱除。
经试验优选得到的华博特滤料和燃煤飞灰粉尘层对Hg0分别有一定的脱除作用,脱除效率可达35%和42.5%,它们对Hg0的脱除是物理吸附和化学吸附共同作用的结果；同时,华博特滤料负载燃煤飞灰粉尘层对Hg0的联合脱除效率受到吸附反应温度、入口汞浓度和烟气停留时间等因素的影响,最佳脱汞率可达64.4%；吸附反应温度越高,脱除效率越低；烟气停留时间越大,脱除效率越高；入口汞浓度的提高并不一定提高华博特滤料负载飞灰粉尘层的脱汞效果。
利用干法联合脱除燃煤可吸入颗粒物及重金属汞试验装置对试验系统进行了可靠性测试；并分别以吸附反应器和袋式除尘器为试验装置,探讨了流态化飞灰对Hg。的脱除效果,以及飞灰在袋式除尘器空间内和滤袋表面,受到过滤风速、压差等影响因素对Hg0的脱除能力。
飞灰以不同的方式对Hg0脱除时,对流吸附反应方式更有利于Hg0的吸附,脱除率最佳可达37.9%；飞灰对Hg0的脱除效率随着吸附反应温度的升高而降低,吸附反应温度越高,Hg0的脱除效率越低；入口Hgo浓度对脱汞效率有一定的影响,随着入口Hg0浓度的增大,脱汞效率也逐渐增大；飞灰对Hg0的脱除率受C/Hg的影响较大,对Hg0的脱除率随着C/Hg的增大而增大。在袋式除尘器内,过滤风速越高,布袋除尘器对Hg0的脱除效率越低；随着飞灰的喷入,袋式除尘器前后的压差逐渐大；对Hg0的脱除率随着反应时间的进行,脱除率逐渐下降,最佳脱汞率达42.4%；反吹清灰后,脱汞效率略有上升。干法联合脱除燃煤可吸入颗粒物及重金属汞试验装置对Hg0的脱除率可达63.1%,联合脱汞效率较高。
With the arrival of second industrial revolution era, how to control coal-fired mercury pollution becomes a hot topic in the field of environmental protection. Since 1990's, the Chinese government pay more and more attention on control technology of coal-fired mercury pollution, both national "973" Program and "863" Program take the control coal-fired mercury pollution as an important special research subject.The research content in this paper is an important part of this projects.
This paper focuses on describing the characteristics of coal-fired mercury and the control technology and methods of mercury in coal-fired power station domestic and abroad. Assembling and optimized a set-up for dry process to united removing Hg0 depending on these methods.The different performance was investigated by changing elements. Such as different filter fiber, coal fly ash, PPS-carbon fiber co-doped load of fly ash, filter dust layer and so on. The different performance was investigated by changing different adsorption reaction temperature, inlet Hg0 concentration, flue gas residence time and other factors. It will provide useful reference for combined fly ash with different fiber filter removal of particulate matter and mercury by dry process.
The results find that PPS fiber could be the best C-loaded fiber which is choosen from seven fibers and the best doped proportion is 1:1. The removal rate of Hg0 is increasing with the higher proportion of activated carbon fiber. However, the removal rate of mercury is not proportional increasing. The adsorption of coal fly ash and PPS-carbon fiber for mercury is the combination of physical adsorption and chemical adsorption. Their own mercury removal efficiency is 27% and 65%, respectively. The joint removal of mercury removal efficiency of PPS carbon fiber load of fly ash is not the simple algebraic superposition of the removal efficiency. It depends on the reaction temperature, inlet concentration and gas residence time of mercury and other factors. The higher the adsorption temperature, the lower unied removal Hg0 efficiency of coal fly ash and mixed with carbon fiber PPS. Increase the mercury concentration at the entrance will not necessarily improve the removal efficiency; the longer flue gas residence time, the more favorable for Hg0 removal.
The optimized materials by trial were HBT filter and coal-fired fly ash dust layer, by which removal efficiencies of Hg0 was 35% and 42.5%, respectively. The removal efficiency of the HBT filter with coal-fired fly ash cake was affected by adsorption temperature, initial concentration of mercury vapor and gas retention time, among other factors. The removal efficiency of 64.4% can be achieved at optimized conditions. The higher the adsorption temperature, the lower the removal efficiency; and the longer gas retention time, the higher the removal efficiency. Increment of the initial mercury concentration did not increase necessarily the removal efficiency of mercury by the HBT fibrous filter with fly ash dust cake.
We exploit dry process combined removal particulate matter from coal combustion and heavy metals like mercury experimental device to given reliability test. We are taking adsorption reactor and bag filter as the experimental device, studing the removal effiency of Hg0 by fludization of ash. We also studied the Hg0 removal capacity of the fly ash in the bag and on the bag surface under different filtration velocity, pressure and other factors.
Fly ash can removal Hg0 in different ways, the convection mode is more benefit for adsorption, the best removal efficiency is up to 37.9%. The removal Hg0 efficiency of fly ash was reduced when the temperature increased. The higher the adsorption temperature, the lower the removal efficiency. Injet Hg0 concerntation has a certain impact of Hg0 removal efficiency.The higher the concentration, the better the removal efficiency. The removal of Hg0 by fly ash is affected greatly by C/Hg. The removal of HgO increases with the increase of C/Hg. The higher the filtration velocity, the lower the bag filter removal efficiency. As the fly ash is injected into the bag filter, the gradual pressure becomes larger. The longer the reaction time, the less the removal efficiency. The best removal efficiency is 42.4%. The removal efficiency slightly increased after reverse blow for dust-clean. The removal efficiency of the device for removing particulate matter and elemental mercury by dry process is up to as high as 63.1%.
本论文着重叙述了燃煤汞赋存特性以及国内外有关燃煤电站汞测量和控制技术的研究进展和方法,并在此基础上,完善和优化了一整套适用于干法联合脱除Hg0试验研究的装置及设备；在固定床试验系统上,研究了不同滤料纤维、燃煤飞灰、PPS掺炭纤维协同飞灰以及滤料负载粉尘层对模拟烟气中Hg0的脱除性能,并就吸附反应温度、入口Hg0浓度、烟气停留时间等因素,对PPS掺炭纤维协同飞灰以及滤料负载粉尘层联合脱除Hg0性能的影响进行了研究,为干法联合脱除可吸入颗粒物及重金属汞、研究飞灰和不同性能纤维滤料联合脱除Hg0提供有益的参考。
研究表明：从七种纤维中优选出PPS纤维是最适宜制作掺炭纤维的材料,最佳掺炭比为1：1；PPS掺炭纤维对Hg0的脱除率随着活性炭纤维比重的增加而增大,但脱汞率并不是成正比关系上升的；燃煤飞灰和PPS掺炭纤维对Hg0的吸附是物理吸附和化学吸附的共同结果,它们各自的脱汞效率分别可达27%和65%左右；PPS掺炭纤维负载飞灰的联合脱汞效率并不是二者单独脱除效率的代数叠加,它分别受到吸附反应温度、入口汞浓度和烟气停留时间等因素的影响。吸附反应温度越高,燃煤飞灰和PPS掺炭纤维对Hg0的联合脱除效率越低；入口汞浓度的增加并不一定会提高脱除效率；烟气停留时间越大,越有利于Hg0的脱除。
经试验优选得到的华博特滤料和燃煤飞灰粉尘层对Hg0分别有一定的脱除作用,脱除效率可达35%和42.5%,它们对Hg0的脱除是物理吸附和化学吸附共同作用的结果；同时,华博特滤料负载燃煤飞灰粉尘层对Hg0的联合脱除效率受到吸附反应温度、入口汞浓度和烟气停留时间等因素的影响,最佳脱汞率可达64.4%；吸附反应温度越高,脱除效率越低；烟气停留时间越大,脱除效率越高；入口汞浓度的提高并不一定提高华博特滤料负载飞灰粉尘层的脱汞效果。
利用干法联合脱除燃煤可吸入颗粒物及重金属汞试验装置对试验系统进行了可靠性测试；并分别以吸附反应器和袋式除尘器为试验装置,探讨了流态化飞灰对Hg。的脱除效果,以及飞灰在袋式除尘器空间内和滤袋表面,受到过滤风速、压差等影响因素对Hg0的脱除能力。
飞灰以不同的方式对Hg0脱除时,对流吸附反应方式更有利于Hg0的吸附,脱除率最佳可达37.9%；飞灰对Hg0的脱除效率随着吸附反应温度的升高而降低,吸附反应温度越高,Hg0的脱除效率越低；入口Hgo浓度对脱汞效率有一定的影响,随着入口Hg0浓度的增大,脱汞效率也逐渐增大；飞灰对Hg0的脱除率受C/Hg的影响较大,对Hg0的脱除率随着C/Hg的增大而增大。在袋式除尘器内,过滤风速越高,布袋除尘器对Hg0的脱除效率越低；随着飞灰的喷入,袋式除尘器前后的压差逐渐大；对Hg0的脱除率随着反应时间的进行,脱除率逐渐下降,最佳脱汞率达42.4%；反吹清灰后,脱汞效率略有上升。干法联合脱除燃煤可吸入颗粒物及重金属汞试验装置对Hg0的脱除率可达63.1%,联合脱汞效率较高。
With the arrival of second industrial revolution era, how to control coal-fired mercury pollution becomes a hot topic in the field of environmental protection. Since 1990's, the Chinese government pay more and more attention on control technology of coal-fired mercury pollution, both national "973" Program and "863" Program take the control coal-fired mercury pollution as an important special research subject.The research content in this paper is an important part of this projects.
This paper focuses on describing the characteristics of coal-fired mercury and the control technology and methods of mercury in coal-fired power station domestic and abroad. Assembling and optimized a set-up for dry process to united removing Hg0 depending on these methods.The different performance was investigated by changing elements. Such as different filter fiber, coal fly ash, PPS-carbon fiber co-doped load of fly ash, filter dust layer and so on. The different performance was investigated by changing different adsorption reaction temperature, inlet Hg0 concentration, flue gas residence time and other factors. It will provide useful reference for combined fly ash with different fiber filter removal of particulate matter and mercury by dry process.
The results find that PPS fiber could be the best C-loaded fiber which is choosen from seven fibers and the best doped proportion is 1:1. The removal rate of Hg0 is increasing with the higher proportion of activated carbon fiber. However, the removal rate of mercury is not proportional increasing. The adsorption of coal fly ash and PPS-carbon fiber for mercury is the combination of physical adsorption and chemical adsorption. Their own mercury removal efficiency is 27% and 65%, respectively. The joint removal of mercury removal efficiency of PPS carbon fiber load of fly ash is not the simple algebraic superposition of the removal efficiency. It depends on the reaction temperature, inlet concentration and gas residence time of mercury and other factors. The higher the adsorption temperature, the lower unied removal Hg0 efficiency of coal fly ash and mixed with carbon fiber PPS. Increase the mercury concentration at the entrance will not necessarily improve the removal efficiency; the longer flue gas residence time, the more favorable for Hg0 removal.
The optimized materials by trial were HBT filter and coal-fired fly ash dust layer, by which removal efficiencies of Hg0 was 35% and 42.5%, respectively. The removal efficiency of the HBT filter with coal-fired fly ash cake was affected by adsorption temperature, initial concentration of mercury vapor and gas retention time, among other factors. The removal efficiency of 64.4% can be achieved at optimized conditions. The higher the adsorption temperature, the lower the removal efficiency; and the longer gas retention time, the higher the removal efficiency. Increment of the initial mercury concentration did not increase necessarily the removal efficiency of mercury by the HBT fibrous filter with fly ash dust cake.
We exploit dry process combined removal particulate matter from coal combustion and heavy metals like mercury experimental device to given reliability test. We are taking adsorption reactor and bag filter as the experimental device, studing the removal effiency of Hg0 by fludization of ash. We also studied the Hg0 removal capacity of the fly ash in the bag and on the bag surface under different filtration velocity, pressure and other factors.
Fly ash can removal Hg0 in different ways, the convection mode is more benefit for adsorption, the best removal efficiency is up to 37.9%. The removal Hg0 efficiency of fly ash was reduced when the temperature increased. The higher the adsorption temperature, the lower the removal efficiency. Injet Hg0 concerntation has a certain impact of Hg0 removal efficiency.The higher the concentration, the better the removal efficiency. The removal of Hg0 by fly ash is affected greatly by C/Hg. The removal of HgO increases with the increase of C/Hg. The higher the filtration velocity, the lower the bag filter removal efficiency. As the fly ash is injected into the bag filter, the gradual pressure becomes larger. The longer the reaction time, the less the removal efficiency. The best removal efficiency is 42.4%. The removal efficiency slightly increased after reverse blow for dust-clean. The removal efficiency of the device for removing particulate matter and elemental mercury by dry process is up to as high as 63.1%.
引文
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