铅芯橡胶支座在铁路桥梁中减隔震研究
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摘要
铅芯橡胶支座将竖向支承、水平向柔性(由橡胶提供)和滞变阻尼(由铅的塑性变形提供)三种功能结合在一个装置里,且具有构造简单、加工制造容易、安装方便,设计阻尼(调节铅芯的几何尺寸)有较大灵活性等优点,比较经济地解决了桥跨结构的隔震问题。自60年代末被发明以来,在工程实际中就得到了广泛应用。
查阅资料,根据已有公式设计符合本文所要研究桥梁使用的铅芯橡胶支座,并进行铁路简支梁桥和连续梁桥的地震响应分析。
1.对墩高相同的简支梁桥进行地震响应分析结果表明:(1)采用铅芯橡胶支座后,顺桥向、横桥向各桥墩墩底剪力、墩底弯矩及墩顶位移均大幅度减小,减震效果十分明显,并可较好的控制梁体位移;(2)对于不同的地震波,铅芯橡胶支座的减震率差别很大,从整体上看,在二类场地土上铅芯橡胶支座具有明显的减震作用;(3)对于不同刚度桥墩,铅芯橡胶支座的减震效果随着结构刚度的增大而增大,对于刚度相同的桥墩,铅芯橡胶支座的减震效果也基本相同。
2.对墩高相同的连续梁桥进行地震响应实例分析结果表明:(1)采用该铅芯橡胶支座后,顺桥向各桥墩墩底剪力及墩底弯矩重新分配,更为合理,固定墩减震效果十分明显;(2)不同地震波及不同刚度桥墩情况下,采用铅芯橡胶支座的连续梁桥得出的减震规律与简支梁桥相同。
3.对边墩低于中墩的铁路桥梁工况进行研究的结果表明:铅芯橡胶支座对位于简支梁桥两端桥墩的减震效果优于中墩;连续梁桥则表现为固定墩优于中活动墩,两端的活动墩减震效果相对最差。
Vertical bearing, horizontal flexibility and hysteretie damping are combined into one device by lead-rubber bearing, which economically put the axe in the helve of the bridge structure isolation, with the excellences such as simple structure, easily machining, expediently installing. The lead-rubber bearing has been used widely since its invention in the late 1960's.
Through the reference data, based on after equation, according to the context, to design the lead-rubber bearing of objective bridge of this study and analyze the seismic response of simply-supported beam bridge and continuous beam bridge.
1. By the analysis on the seismic responses of simply-supported beam bridges with the same pier height, the results show that:(l)With the lead-rubber bearing, the piles' base shear force, the moment of flexural and piles' top displacement has reduced to a great extent, and the seismic absorption in the direction of longitudinal and transversal is obvious. Beam displacement can also be controlled appropriately;(2) The damping-isolation ratio varies greatly according to different earthquake waves. As a whole, seismic absorption is obvious on the II Site; (3) In the case of various rigidity piers with lead-rubber bearing, seismic response increases with structural stiffness; for the same structural stiffness, the effect of seismic response is generally same.
2. By the analysis on the seismic responses of continuous beam bridges with the same pier height, the results indicate that: (1)The appliance of the lead-rubber bearing lead to redistribution of bridge piles' base shear force and moment of flexural,which makes it more rational with excellent seismic absorption; (2) In the condition of different earthquake waves and various rigidity piers, the results of the case of continuous beam bridge are the same as that of simply-supported beam bridge.
3. When the Side Piers are lower than the other piers, the research results indicate that: for the simply-supported beam bridge, the damping-isolation effect of the lead-rubber bearing operates better on the tow side-piers than the mid-piers; while for the continuous beam bridge, it works better on the fixed piers than active piers, and the effect on tow side-piers is correspondingly worst.
查阅资料,根据已有公式设计符合本文所要研究桥梁使用的铅芯橡胶支座,并进行铁路简支梁桥和连续梁桥的地震响应分析。
1.对墩高相同的简支梁桥进行地震响应分析结果表明:(1)采用铅芯橡胶支座后,顺桥向、横桥向各桥墩墩底剪力、墩底弯矩及墩顶位移均大幅度减小,减震效果十分明显,并可较好的控制梁体位移;(2)对于不同的地震波,铅芯橡胶支座的减震率差别很大,从整体上看,在二类场地土上铅芯橡胶支座具有明显的减震作用;(3)对于不同刚度桥墩,铅芯橡胶支座的减震效果随着结构刚度的增大而增大,对于刚度相同的桥墩,铅芯橡胶支座的减震效果也基本相同。
2.对墩高相同的连续梁桥进行地震响应实例分析结果表明:(1)采用该铅芯橡胶支座后,顺桥向各桥墩墩底剪力及墩底弯矩重新分配,更为合理,固定墩减震效果十分明显;(2)不同地震波及不同刚度桥墩情况下,采用铅芯橡胶支座的连续梁桥得出的减震规律与简支梁桥相同。
3.对边墩低于中墩的铁路桥梁工况进行研究的结果表明:铅芯橡胶支座对位于简支梁桥两端桥墩的减震效果优于中墩;连续梁桥则表现为固定墩优于中活动墩,两端的活动墩减震效果相对最差。
Vertical bearing, horizontal flexibility and hysteretie damping are combined into one device by lead-rubber bearing, which economically put the axe in the helve of the bridge structure isolation, with the excellences such as simple structure, easily machining, expediently installing. The lead-rubber bearing has been used widely since its invention in the late 1960's.
Through the reference data, based on after equation, according to the context, to design the lead-rubber bearing of objective bridge of this study and analyze the seismic response of simply-supported beam bridge and continuous beam bridge.
1. By the analysis on the seismic responses of simply-supported beam bridges with the same pier height, the results show that:(l)With the lead-rubber bearing, the piles' base shear force, the moment of flexural and piles' top displacement has reduced to a great extent, and the seismic absorption in the direction of longitudinal and transversal is obvious. Beam displacement can also be controlled appropriately;(2) The damping-isolation ratio varies greatly according to different earthquake waves. As a whole, seismic absorption is obvious on the II Site; (3) In the case of various rigidity piers with lead-rubber bearing, seismic response increases with structural stiffness; for the same structural stiffness, the effect of seismic response is generally same.
2. By the analysis on the seismic responses of continuous beam bridges with the same pier height, the results indicate that: (1)The appliance of the lead-rubber bearing lead to redistribution of bridge piles' base shear force and moment of flexural,which makes it more rational with excellent seismic absorption; (2) In the condition of different earthquake waves and various rigidity piers, the results of the case of continuous beam bridge are the same as that of simply-supported beam bridge.
3. When the Side Piers are lower than the other piers, the research results indicate that: for the simply-supported beam bridge, the damping-isolation effect of the lead-rubber bearing operates better on the tow side-piers than the mid-piers; while for the continuous beam bridge, it works better on the fixed piers than active piers, and the effect on tow side-piers is correspondingly worst.
引文
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[4]胡聿贤,《地震工程学》,地震出版社,1988.
[5]周福霖等,结构减震控制体系的研究和发展,第二届全国结构减震控制学术会议论文集,中国武汉,1992.10.
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[7]韩淼,建筑隔震体系与机构的设计分析方法与工程应用,国家地震局地球物理研究所博士学位论文,1997.
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[13]Ronald O.Hamburger and Charles A.Kircher,Recent Developments in Seismic Design Methodologies and Codes.Earthquake Spectra.Preface.2000.
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[16]M.J.N.Priestley等著,《桥梁抗震设计与加固》,人民交通出版社,1997.
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[19]G.M.Calvi and G.R.Kingsley,Displcement-based Seismic Design of Multi-degree-freedom Bridge Structures.Earthquake Engng.Struct.Dyn.24,1247-1266,1995.
[20]Mervyn J.Kowalsky,M.J.N.Priestley and Gregory A.Macrae,Displacement-based Design of RC Bridge Columns in Seismic Regions.Earthquake Engng.Struct.Dyn.Vol.24,1623-1643,1995.
[21]Savros V.Tolis and Ezio Faccioli,Displacement Design Spectra.J.Earthquake Engineering,Vol.3,No.1,107-125,1999.
[22]杨玉民等,基于位移反应谱的连续粱桥抗震设计简化方法,同济大学学报Vol.27.No.4.150-154.1999.
[23]李杰等,《地震工程学导论》,地震出版社,1992.
[24]董高红等,新型抗震设计-抗震消能设计的若干研究,铁道学报,Vol.20.No.3.114-119.1998.
[25]赵振东、陆顺永,桥梁隔震设计的基本原则与隔震装置的设计,世界地震工程,Vol.4.1993.
[26]I.G.Buckle and R.L.Mayes,Seismic Isolation History:Application and Performance-a World Review.Earthquake spectra 6,181-201.1990.
[27]吴彬,铅芯橡胶支座力学性能及其在桥梁工程中减、隔震应用的研究,铁道部科学研究院博士学位论文,2003年.
[28]庄军生,桥梁支座,中国铁道出版社,2000.
[29]Mostaghel N and Khodaverdiam M Dynamic of Resilient-Friction Base Isolator(R-FBI),EESD,Vol.15,No.3,1987.
[30]V.A.Zayas,M.Eeri,S.S.Low and S.A.Mahin,A simple pendulum technique for achieving seismic isolation,Earthquake Spectra,Vol.6,No.2,1990.
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