一维ZnO基纳米材料光学性质研究
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摘要
近年来,ZnO基纳米材料,尤其是纳米线、纳米同轴线等一维结构的ZnO基纳米材料,因具有紫外波段直接带隙、特殊光传播模式,展现出奇异的光学特性,在紫外光探测器件、紫外发光器件、量子信息等诸多领域有重要的应用前景,引起了科技领域的广泛关注。
本文以Zn_2SiO_4纳米线和Zn-Zn_2SiO_4纳米同轴线这两种一维ZnO基纳米材料为对象,对其发光和光传播等特性进行研究,以揭示其物理起源。取得以下几个方面研究结果。
研究了Zn_2SiO_4纳米线的光学性质。通过第一性原理计算其表面态,分析Zn_2SiO_4纳米线的发光起源。讨论纳米线中的回音壁光学共振模式,揭示了不同区域阴极荧光光谱产生和变化的原因。
研究了Zn-Zn_2SiO_4纳米同轴线的光传播性质。采用阴极荧光方法,测量表征了Zn-Zn_2SiO_4纳米同轴线的光谱,详细分析了CL谱的中紫外、可见光和红外区域三个发光峰所对应的光学模式。同时,仿真模拟表面等离子激元在结构中的传播特性,进而揭示了CL谱中纳米同轴线根部光强增强、顶端发光猝灭现象的物理起源。
研究了表面等离子激元辅助形成的谐振腔中的激子与腔光共振模的耦合。通过比较发现,表面等离子激元共振模式具有最小的模体积和最大的精细度。CL谱的中紫外发光峰分裂说明,表面等离子激元辅助形成的光学谐振腔中发生了强耦合。进一步测量变温CL谱,观察到由表面等离子激元共振对波长的不对称选择特性所导致的特殊的反交叉现象。
One dimensional ZnO-based nano-materials having direct band gaps in ultraviolet(UV) and special optical modes can be exploited for UV-optoelectronic devices and quantum information.Recently,there has been much interest in nanowires and nanocables which show enhanced transmission at specific wavelengths.In this thesis,we focus our attention on the luminescent and transmission properties of Zn_2SiO_4 nanowires and Zn-Zn_2SiO_4 nanocables to reveal their physical origins.
The optical properties of Zn_2SiO_4 nanowires are studied by experiment measurements and theoretical calculations.The luminescent origin is discussed by analysing the Zn_2SiO_4 surface states using a first principles calculation.The varieties of the cathodoluminescence(CL) spectra on different areas are clarified with the resonance of whispering-gallery mode(WGM) in the nanowires.
The optical transmission properties of Zn-Zn_2SiO_4 nanocables are measured by CL technique.The optical modes,corresponding to the emissions bands on spectrum in mid-UV,visible,and infrared regions,are analyzed experimentally and theoretically in detail.It is revealed that propagation of surface plasmon(SP) is responsible for the enhancement at the root and the annihilation at the top of nanocable for the mid-UV emission.
The coupling between the exciton and cavity resonant mode in the SP-assisted nanocavity are studied experimentally.Compared with WGM and waveguide mode, SPR mode is known to have the smallest effective mode volume and the highest finesse.The split in mid-UV emission implies a strong coupling take place in the optical nanocavity.Further temperature dependent CL measurement exhibits a special anticrossing due to the unsymmetrical wavelength-selectivity of SPR.
本文以Zn_2SiO_4纳米线和Zn-Zn_2SiO_4纳米同轴线这两种一维ZnO基纳米材料为对象,对其发光和光传播等特性进行研究,以揭示其物理起源。取得以下几个方面研究结果。
研究了Zn_2SiO_4纳米线的光学性质。通过第一性原理计算其表面态,分析Zn_2SiO_4纳米线的发光起源。讨论纳米线中的回音壁光学共振模式,揭示了不同区域阴极荧光光谱产生和变化的原因。
研究了Zn-Zn_2SiO_4纳米同轴线的光传播性质。采用阴极荧光方法,测量表征了Zn-Zn_2SiO_4纳米同轴线的光谱,详细分析了CL谱的中紫外、可见光和红外区域三个发光峰所对应的光学模式。同时,仿真模拟表面等离子激元在结构中的传播特性,进而揭示了CL谱中纳米同轴线根部光强增强、顶端发光猝灭现象的物理起源。
研究了表面等离子激元辅助形成的谐振腔中的激子与腔光共振模的耦合。通过比较发现,表面等离子激元共振模式具有最小的模体积和最大的精细度。CL谱的中紫外发光峰分裂说明,表面等离子激元辅助形成的光学谐振腔中发生了强耦合。进一步测量变温CL谱,观察到由表面等离子激元共振对波长的不对称选择特性所导致的特殊的反交叉现象。
One dimensional ZnO-based nano-materials having direct band gaps in ultraviolet(UV) and special optical modes can be exploited for UV-optoelectronic devices and quantum information.Recently,there has been much interest in nanowires and nanocables which show enhanced transmission at specific wavelengths.In this thesis,we focus our attention on the luminescent and transmission properties of Zn_2SiO_4 nanowires and Zn-Zn_2SiO_4 nanocables to reveal their physical origins.
The optical properties of Zn_2SiO_4 nanowires are studied by experiment measurements and theoretical calculations.The luminescent origin is discussed by analysing the Zn_2SiO_4 surface states using a first principles calculation.The varieties of the cathodoluminescence(CL) spectra on different areas are clarified with the resonance of whispering-gallery mode(WGM) in the nanowires.
The optical transmission properties of Zn-Zn_2SiO_4 nanocables are measured by CL technique.The optical modes,corresponding to the emissions bands on spectrum in mid-UV,visible,and infrared regions,are analyzed experimentally and theoretically in detail.It is revealed that propagation of surface plasmon(SP) is responsible for the enhancement at the root and the annihilation at the top of nanocable for the mid-UV emission.
The coupling between the exciton and cavity resonant mode in the SP-assisted nanocavity are studied experimentally.Compared with WGM and waveguide mode, SPR mode is known to have the smallest effective mode volume and the highest finesse.The split in mid-UV emission implies a strong coupling take place in the optical nanocavity.Further temperature dependent CL measurement exhibits a special anticrossing due to the unsymmetrical wavelength-selectivity of SPR.
引文
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