一体式膜生物反应器的运行研究
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摘要
膜生物反应器是生物处理技术与膜技术的有机结合，以及对污染物的高效去
除、较少的剩余污泥产量和优质稳定的出水水质等优点，成为一种新型的污水处
理回用技术，所以对膜生物反应器工艺的基本理论和性能研究有利于这种工艺的
应用和推广。
本实验采用的一体式膜生物反应器主要是用活性污泥生物反应器与中空纤维
膜组件相结合，处理生活污水。实验研究表明，当污泥浓度为6000mg／L，DO值
为3mg／L以上，HRT为6h时，膜生物反应器对CODcr、BOD5、SS、NH3-N、TN、
TP的去除效率分别达到95％-98％、98％-995％、100％、92％-100％、60％-
84％、和34％-64％。针对膜生物反应器除磷效果差的特点，在实验中选用铝盐
作为化学除磷剂，能获得较好的效果，在Al／TP(摩尔比)=15-20时，系统除
磷效率可达72％-86％。
在研究温度、pH值、HRT和DO值对膜生物反应器处理效果的影响时发现，
DO为15mg／L以上时，DO值的变化对CODcr、BOD5、NH3-N的去除效果影响不
大，但当DO为05mg／L时，系统对CODcr、BOD5、NH3-N的去除率迅速下降。
DO值为15mg／L时，系统对TN的效率可达92％-98％，DO为其他值时则去除
效率迅速下降。HRT对系统处理效果的影响主要是水力停留时间过短会造成废水
与微生物来不及反应就从系统中排出，而当水力停留时间足够长的时候，HRT对
系统去除率的影响不大，但对TP的去除则随这HRT的增加先增加后下降。温度
和pH值的变化对系统处理效果无影响。
在研究同步硝化反硝化作用时发现，C／N、pH值和温度对同步硝化反硝化作
用无影响，DO是影响系统同步硝化反硝化的关键因素。在C／N为8-18，pH值
为70-85，温度为7℃-11℃，DO值为15mg／L时，同步硝化反硝化在系统中
起到了很好的作用，这一条件为同步硝化反硝化的最佳条件。通过对膜生物反应
器中同步硝化反硝化的机理分析发现，膜生物反应器中同步硝化反硝化的发生符
合反应器溶解氧分布不均理论以及缺氧微环境理论，系统反应器的结构以及系统
中污泥浓度也在一定程度上间接影响同步硝化反硝化的进行。
在研究膜污染时，实验采用膜抽吸压力的上升速率表征运行过程中膜过滤性
能的变化。正交实验结果表明，缩短抽吸时间或延长停抽时间和增加曝气量均有
利于减缓膜污染，但过短的抽吸时间、过长的停抽时间和过大的曝气量不能进一
摘要
步的减轻膜污染。因此应在确保一定产水率的前提下确定适宣的抽吸时间、停抽
时间和曝气量。在污泥浓度为6000mg/L左右，通量恒定为SL/(mZ·d)的条件下，
最佳组合操作条件为抽吸时间10min，停抽时间4min，曝气量005m3/h。三个因
素中抽吸时间对膜抽吸压力上升速率影响最大，曝气量次之，停抽时间最小。
Membrane bioreactor(MBR) was a reasonable combination of biological treatment technology and membrane technology with many advantages such as high removal efficiency of pollutants,little surplus sludge,stable and high quality of effluent,so it was becoming a new and raqid developing wastewater treatment and reclamation technology,so the research on the basic theory and the performance of MBR would benefit to the application and spread of this process.
The integrative membrane bioreactor that was maked up of the activated sludge bioreactor and membrane treated the domestic wastewater in the experiment.When the concentration of sludge was 6000mg/L,the concentration of DO was beyond 3mg/L,and HRT was 6 hours in the experiment, the CODcr,BOD5,SS,NH3-N,TN,TP removal efficiencies were 95%~98%,98%~99.5%,100%,92%~100%,60%~84%and 34 %~64%,respectively.With a view to the unconspicuous TP removal efficiency by membrane bioreactor, TP was removed efficiently by chemic medicine of aluminate,and when the rate of Al and TP(mol) equal to 1.5~2.0,the TP removal efficiency was 72%~86%.
With the study of temperature,pH value,HRT and Doconcentration,it was therefore found that it was not obvious to the influence of DO concentration on the CODcr,BOD5 and NH3-N removal efficiencies when the concentration of DO was beyond 1.5mg/L,and the influence was large when the concentration of DO was 0.5mg/L.When the concentration of DO was 1.5mg/L,the influence of DO concentration on the TN removal efficiency was 92%~98%,otherwise the TN removal efficiency decline. The influence of HRT on the system removal efficiency was that microbe haven't the sufficient reactiving time with wastewater which was expelled from the system,and it wasn't obvious when HRT was enough. Along with increasing of HRT,the influence of HRT on TP removal efficiency enhanced firstly and then declined. It wasn't obvious to the influence of temperature and pH value on the contamination removal efficiency.
When studying simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in membrane
bioreactor,it was foud that the concentration of DO was a key factor and the influence of C/N,pH value and temperature were unconspicuous.When C/N,pH value, temperature and DO concentration were 8~ 18,7.0~8.5,7 13 and 1.5mg/L, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification might proceed smoothly and this was the optimal condition. With analysing the mechanism of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification,it was founded that it was related with the theory of DO odds in reactor and micro-evironment,and it was effcted indirectly by the configuration of reactor and sludge concentration that simultaneous nitrification and denitrification might proceed.
When studying membrane fouling,the increasing rate of suction pressure of membrane was used to evaluate the membrane filtration characteristics of membrane bioreactor process.Through a group of test by means of orthogonal table,influence of suction time,suction suspended time and aeration rate on membrane filtration was investigated. Shorter suction time,longer suction suspended time and larger aeration rate could alleviate membrane fouling.which influenced accumulation and back transportation of pollutants an and from membrane surface.The optimum operation parameters were 10 minutes of suction time,4 minutes of suction suspended tim and aeration rate of 0.05m3/h under the condition of sludge concentration 6000mg/L and flux of membrane 5L/(m2 ?h).Suction time was the key factor among these three factors,and suction suspended time had the least impact on membrane fouling.
除、较少的剩余污泥产量和优质稳定的出水水质等优点，成为一种新型的污水处
理回用技术，所以对膜生物反应器工艺的基本理论和性能研究有利于这种工艺的
应用和推广。
本实验采用的一体式膜生物反应器主要是用活性污泥生物反应器与中空纤维
膜组件相结合，处理生活污水。实验研究表明，当污泥浓度为6000mg／L，DO值
为3mg／L以上，HRT为6h时，膜生物反应器对CODcr、BOD5、SS、NH3-N、TN、
TP的去除效率分别达到95％-98％、98％-995％、100％、92％-100％、60％-
84％、和34％-64％。针对膜生物反应器除磷效果差的特点，在实验中选用铝盐
作为化学除磷剂，能获得较好的效果，在Al／TP(摩尔比)=15-20时，系统除
磷效率可达72％-86％。
在研究温度、pH值、HRT和DO值对膜生物反应器处理效果的影响时发现，
DO为15mg／L以上时，DO值的变化对CODcr、BOD5、NH3-N的去除效果影响不
大，但当DO为05mg／L时，系统对CODcr、BOD5、NH3-N的去除率迅速下降。
DO值为15mg／L时，系统对TN的效率可达92％-98％，DO为其他值时则去除
效率迅速下降。HRT对系统处理效果的影响主要是水力停留时间过短会造成废水
与微生物来不及反应就从系统中排出，而当水力停留时间足够长的时候，HRT对
系统去除率的影响不大，但对TP的去除则随这HRT的增加先增加后下降。温度
和pH值的变化对系统处理效果无影响。
在研究同步硝化反硝化作用时发现，C／N、pH值和温度对同步硝化反硝化作
用无影响，DO是影响系统同步硝化反硝化的关键因素。在C／N为8-18，pH值
为70-85，温度为7℃-11℃，DO值为15mg／L时，同步硝化反硝化在系统中
起到了很好的作用，这一条件为同步硝化反硝化的最佳条件。通过对膜生物反应
器中同步硝化反硝化的机理分析发现，膜生物反应器中同步硝化反硝化的发生符
合反应器溶解氧分布不均理论以及缺氧微环境理论，系统反应器的结构以及系统
中污泥浓度也在一定程度上间接影响同步硝化反硝化的进行。
在研究膜污染时，实验采用膜抽吸压力的上升速率表征运行过程中膜过滤性
能的变化。正交实验结果表明，缩短抽吸时间或延长停抽时间和增加曝气量均有
利于减缓膜污染，但过短的抽吸时间、过长的停抽时间和过大的曝气量不能进一
摘要
步的减轻膜污染。因此应在确保一定产水率的前提下确定适宣的抽吸时间、停抽
时间和曝气量。在污泥浓度为6000mg/L左右，通量恒定为SL/(mZ·d)的条件下，
最佳组合操作条件为抽吸时间10min，停抽时间4min，曝气量005m3/h。三个因
素中抽吸时间对膜抽吸压力上升速率影响最大，曝气量次之，停抽时间最小。
Membrane bioreactor(MBR) was a reasonable combination of biological treatment technology and membrane technology with many advantages such as high removal efficiency of pollutants,little surplus sludge,stable and high quality of effluent,so it was becoming a new and raqid developing wastewater treatment and reclamation technology,so the research on the basic theory and the performance of MBR would benefit to the application and spread of this process.
The integrative membrane bioreactor that was maked up of the activated sludge bioreactor and membrane treated the domestic wastewater in the experiment.When the concentration of sludge was 6000mg/L,the concentration of DO was beyond 3mg/L,and HRT was 6 hours in the experiment, the CODcr,BOD5,SS,NH3-N,TN,TP removal efficiencies were 95%~98%,98%~99.5%,100%,92%~100%,60%~84%and 34 %~64%,respectively.With a view to the unconspicuous TP removal efficiency by membrane bioreactor, TP was removed efficiently by chemic medicine of aluminate,and when the rate of Al and TP(mol) equal to 1.5~2.0,the TP removal efficiency was 72%~86%.
With the study of temperature,pH value,HRT and Doconcentration,it was therefore found that it was not obvious to the influence of DO concentration on the CODcr,BOD5 and NH3-N removal efficiencies when the concentration of DO was beyond 1.5mg/L,and the influence was large when the concentration of DO was 0.5mg/L.When the concentration of DO was 1.5mg/L,the influence of DO concentration on the TN removal efficiency was 92%~98%,otherwise the TN removal efficiency decline. The influence of HRT on the system removal efficiency was that microbe haven't the sufficient reactiving time with wastewater which was expelled from the system,and it wasn't obvious when HRT was enough. Along with increasing of HRT,the influence of HRT on TP removal efficiency enhanced firstly and then declined. It wasn't obvious to the influence of temperature and pH value on the contamination removal efficiency.
When studying simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in membrane
bioreactor,it was foud that the concentration of DO was a key factor and the influence of C/N,pH value and temperature were unconspicuous.When C/N,pH value, temperature and DO concentration were 8~ 18,7.0~8.5,7 13 and 1.5mg/L, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification might proceed smoothly and this was the optimal condition. With analysing the mechanism of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification,it was founded that it was related with the theory of DO odds in reactor and micro-evironment,and it was effcted indirectly by the configuration of reactor and sludge concentration that simultaneous nitrification and denitrification might proceed.
When studying membrane fouling,the increasing rate of suction pressure of membrane was used to evaluate the membrane filtration characteristics of membrane bioreactor process.Through a group of test by means of orthogonal table,influence of suction time,suction suspended time and aeration rate on membrane filtration was investigated. Shorter suction time,longer suction suspended time and larger aeration rate could alleviate membrane fouling.which influenced accumulation and back transportation of pollutants an and from membrane surface.The optimum operation parameters were 10 minutes of suction time,4 minutes of suction suspended tim and aeration rate of 0.05m3/h under the condition of sludge concentration 6000mg/L and flux of membrane 5L/(m2 ?h).Suction time was the key factor among these three factors,and suction suspended time had the least impact on membrane fouling.
引文
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