采空区自然发火的多场耦合机理及三维数值模拟研究
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摘要
采空区自燃火灾是井下重大灾害之一，也是矿山安全领域重点研究的问题。由于现场监测及相似模拟实验都存在难题，因而数值模拟成为研究采空区自然发火的主要手段。本文通过实验研究了氧浓度、粒度以及挥发份等对煤自燃的影响；分析了采空区内的产热与散热规律，提出了采空区自然发火的能量迁移理论，实现了采空区最高温度的理论预测；揭示了采空区自然发火的多场耦合机理与过程，建立了三维多场耦合数学模型；确定了四面体单元控制体的合理圈划方案，提出了精度很高的有限体积法新算法；利用新算法离散自然发火模型，编制了“采空区自然发火的三维仿真系统”，结合河东矿31005工作面的现场参数，模拟得到了注氮前后的采空区自然发火情况，并分析了推进速度、遗煤厚度对自然发火的影响；现场布线观测了该采空区的温度变化，结果表明注氮参数选择合理，达到了防火目的；实测温度与模拟温度吻合较好，也说明数值模拟结果较为可靠。该成果将能在采空区自然发火的预测预报以及防火技术参数确定等方面得到应用。
Spontaneous combustion of goaf is one of the major disasters underground and also the importantresearch problem for mine safety researchers. Due to the monitoring in field and the similarsimulation experiment in lab are existing problem, the numerical simulation become the mainresearch means for studing the spontaneous combustion of goaf. In this paper, the influence ofoxygen concentration, particle size and volatilization of coal were respectively studied on thespontaneous combustion by experiment, and the law of heat production and loss in goaf wasanalyzed by theory, so the energy migration theory of spontaneous combustion in goaf was putforward, which could predict the highest temperature of goaf in theory. The coupling mechanism andprocess of the spontaneous combustion of goaf in the flow field, oxygen concentration field andtemperature field was revealed, so as to establish the several fields coupling mathematical model inthree dimensional. A reasonable delimit plan for the unit control body of tetrahedron grid wasdetermined, so a new algorithm of the finite volume method was established in a high precision. Thenew algorithm was used to discrete the model of spontaneous combustion, and then the "SimulationSystem of Spontaneous Combustion in Goaf (3d)" was compiled to obtained the goaf spontaneouscombustion simulation before and after the nitrogen injection combined with the parameters of31005working face in Hedong Coal Mine, so the influence of advancing speed, thickness of the coalon the spontaneous combustion were got. The last, the temperature change of the goaf was observedin site and the results show that the effect of nitrogen injection was very good and the nitrogeninjection parameter was selected reasonably. What’s more, the temperatures of the measured and thesimulated are coincidence, which show that the results of numerical simulation are reliable. Theresearch achievements will be applied in the spontaneous combustion prediction of goaf and theparameters selection of the fire prevention technology.
Spontaneous combustion of goaf is one of the major disasters underground and also the importantresearch problem for mine safety researchers. Due to the monitoring in field and the similarsimulation experiment in lab are existing problem, the numerical simulation become the mainresearch means for studing the spontaneous combustion of goaf. In this paper, the influence ofoxygen concentration, particle size and volatilization of coal were respectively studied on thespontaneous combustion by experiment, and the law of heat production and loss in goaf wasanalyzed by theory, so the energy migration theory of spontaneous combustion in goaf was putforward, which could predict the highest temperature of goaf in theory. The coupling mechanism andprocess of the spontaneous combustion of goaf in the flow field, oxygen concentration field andtemperature field was revealed, so as to establish the several fields coupling mathematical model inthree dimensional. A reasonable delimit plan for the unit control body of tetrahedron grid wasdetermined, so a new algorithm of the finite volume method was established in a high precision. Thenew algorithm was used to discrete the model of spontaneous combustion, and then the "SimulationSystem of Spontaneous Combustion in Goaf (3d)" was compiled to obtained the goaf spontaneouscombustion simulation before and after the nitrogen injection combined with the parameters of31005working face in Hedong Coal Mine, so the influence of advancing speed, thickness of the coalon the spontaneous combustion were got. The last, the temperature change of the goaf was observedin site and the results show that the effect of nitrogen injection was very good and the nitrogeninjection parameter was selected reasonably. What’s more, the temperatures of the measured and thesimulated are coincidence, which show that the results of numerical simulation are reliable. Theresearch achievements will be applied in the spontaneous combustion prediction of goaf and theparameters selection of the fire prevention technology.
引文
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