射流诱导风机喷口性能试验研究
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摘要
射流诱导风机作为实现射流诱导通风方式的主要产品之一,在地下车库等通风系统中得到广泛的应用。射流诱导风机的喷口部分是实现这种通风方式的重要关键技术之一。本文选取同轴射流风口为主要研究对象,通过正交试验对同轴射流风口的射流特性进行研究,将同轴射流方式应用到射流诱导风机的喷口上,以期为射流诱导风机提供新的喷口形式。
本文建立了同轴射流风口试验平台,依据正交试验理论,选择9种代表性的同轴型风口,对其风量、压力损失、最大中心速度、射程、扩散宽度、上升距、下降距进行测量,得到了9种风口的射流特性,并对试验误差进行了定性分析。
采用正交试验分析方法中的单指标直观分析法,对射程、扩散角、压力损失及卷吸比指标进行分析,评价其影响因子的权重并确定最优水平。采用综合评分法对同轴射流风口的应用范围进行分析。针对于喷口的不同性能,其影响参数的重要程度各异,所选取的最优水平也各不相同。当喷口应用于不同条件下时,可以根据需求的不同,采用不同的结构形式,以期获得所需的射流特性。
通过对实验数据的分析,得出直筒型同轴射流喷口的射流流型与圆形喷口的流型相似,射程与圆喷口射程基本相近,但具有较好的掺混及诱导特性。同轴射流的射流特性仅与其结构特征有关。当以射程及卷吸比为指标时,对喷口性能影响权重最大的是供给压力;当以扩散角为指标时,内外圆筒的面积比成为主要影响因素,并对增大射流扩散角有较显著的作用;当以压力损失作为指标时,不适宜的压力范围会产生较大的压力损失。
本文将同轴射流喷口引入低速射流诱导通风系统中,与诱导风机相结合,通过正交试验分析,得到了同轴射流喷口的性能,为射流诱导风机风口形式提供了新的选择,丰富了射流诱导风机产品,并对其实际应用和选型提出指导意见。
As an important component of the ductless inductive ventilation system, the jet inducted fan is used more and more widely in ventilation system of underground garage. And the nozzle of the jet inducted fan is an important part of the ventilation system. The paper chooses the nozzle of coaxial jet as the main research subject to study the jets’fluid flow characteristics by the means of orthogonal design. And the nozzle of coaxial jet will be used on the jet inducted fan to provide the fan with a new type of nozzle.
The experiment establishes a test platform based on the orthogonal design theory and tests for the jets’fluid flow characteristics of nine kind of typical coaxial nozzle. Tests include the air flow, pressure loss, the largest center speed, throw, diffusion width, upper and lower boundary. Then the paper analyses the qualitative analysis of errors.
This paper studys the jets’fluid flow characteristics with the throw, the spread of angle, pressure loss and the ratio of inducement, analyses the main effect parameters of nozzle and concludes the optimal level of the parameters. The paper concludes the range of application of the nozzle according to the scientific method of scoring. According to a variety of characteristics, the effect parameters of nozzle are different and the optimal level of the parameters are variational. It should be based on the different conditions to choose the nozzle for the optimal effect.
According to the analysis, the flow pattern of coaxial jet is similar to round jet. Although the throw is also similar, the coaxial jet has a better mixing characteristics. Flow characteristics of coaxial jet are only the relevant features of its structure. The main influencing factor is pressure when using the throw and the ratio of inducement as the performance index. The ratio of the area is an important factor of the spread of angle. The unsuitable pressure will bring the more pressure loss.
The paper studys the characteristics of coaxial jet in the ventilation system, provides a new flow characteristics to the jet inducted fan by the means of orthogonal design and gives some guidances for the application of the nozzle.
本文建立了同轴射流风口试验平台,依据正交试验理论,选择9种代表性的同轴型风口,对其风量、压力损失、最大中心速度、射程、扩散宽度、上升距、下降距进行测量,得到了9种风口的射流特性,并对试验误差进行了定性分析。
采用正交试验分析方法中的单指标直观分析法,对射程、扩散角、压力损失及卷吸比指标进行分析,评价其影响因子的权重并确定最优水平。采用综合评分法对同轴射流风口的应用范围进行分析。针对于喷口的不同性能,其影响参数的重要程度各异,所选取的最优水平也各不相同。当喷口应用于不同条件下时,可以根据需求的不同,采用不同的结构形式,以期获得所需的射流特性。
通过对实验数据的分析,得出直筒型同轴射流喷口的射流流型与圆形喷口的流型相似,射程与圆喷口射程基本相近,但具有较好的掺混及诱导特性。同轴射流的射流特性仅与其结构特征有关。当以射程及卷吸比为指标时,对喷口性能影响权重最大的是供给压力;当以扩散角为指标时,内外圆筒的面积比成为主要影响因素,并对增大射流扩散角有较显著的作用;当以压力损失作为指标时,不适宜的压力范围会产生较大的压力损失。
本文将同轴射流喷口引入低速射流诱导通风系统中,与诱导风机相结合,通过正交试验分析,得到了同轴射流喷口的性能,为射流诱导风机风口形式提供了新的选择,丰富了射流诱导风机产品,并对其实际应用和选型提出指导意见。
As an important component of the ductless inductive ventilation system, the jet inducted fan is used more and more widely in ventilation system of underground garage. And the nozzle of the jet inducted fan is an important part of the ventilation system. The paper chooses the nozzle of coaxial jet as the main research subject to study the jets’fluid flow characteristics by the means of orthogonal design. And the nozzle of coaxial jet will be used on the jet inducted fan to provide the fan with a new type of nozzle.
The experiment establishes a test platform based on the orthogonal design theory and tests for the jets’fluid flow characteristics of nine kind of typical coaxial nozzle. Tests include the air flow, pressure loss, the largest center speed, throw, diffusion width, upper and lower boundary. Then the paper analyses the qualitative analysis of errors.
This paper studys the jets’fluid flow characteristics with the throw, the spread of angle, pressure loss and the ratio of inducement, analyses the main effect parameters of nozzle and concludes the optimal level of the parameters. The paper concludes the range of application of the nozzle according to the scientific method of scoring. According to a variety of characteristics, the effect parameters of nozzle are different and the optimal level of the parameters are variational. It should be based on the different conditions to choose the nozzle for the optimal effect.
According to the analysis, the flow pattern of coaxial jet is similar to round jet. Although the throw is also similar, the coaxial jet has a better mixing characteristics. Flow characteristics of coaxial jet are only the relevant features of its structure. The main influencing factor is pressure when using the throw and the ratio of inducement as the performance index. The ratio of the area is an important factor of the spread of angle. The unsuitable pressure will bring the more pressure loss.
The paper studys the characteristics of coaxial jet in the ventilation system, provides a new flow characteristics to the jet inducted fan by the means of orthogonal design and gives some guidances for the application of the nozzle.
引文
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[4] GB50019-2003.采暖通风与空气调节设计规范[S].2004.
[5]林国真.地下车库无风管诱导通风系统的优化研究[D].天津:天津大学,2008.
[6]耿要斌.诱导通风系统在地下汽车库的应用探讨[J].工程建设与设计,2004,7:45~46.
[7]韩泳.新型车库通风方式——诱导通风系统[J].工程设计与研究杂志,2005,1:7~8.
[8]彭荣.射流诱导通风系统的发展及其设计计算方法[J].建筑热能通风空调,2004,3:10~13.
[9]宋高举.12种典型送风口射流流型可视化及紊流系数实验研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2005.
[10]夏天,陈勇.地下车库无风管诱导通风系统的设计[J].制冷与空调,2002,1:28~30.
[11]崔慧苇.地下汽车库诱导通风系统设计探讨[J].福建建筑,2006,101(5):96~97.
[12]蔡浩,朱培根.地下车库诱导通风系统的数值模拟与优化[J].流体机械,2004,32(12):27~30.
[13]李晓冬,岳峻岷,等.地下车库中诱导通风方式的数值模拟[J].哈尔滨商业大学学报,2003,19(5):603~606.
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[17] P. V. Nielsen, A. Restivo, J. H. Whitelaw. The velocity characteristics of ventilated rooms[J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 1978, 100:291~298.
[18] Yue Zou, P. V. Nielsen. Flow pattern in ventilated rooms with large depth and width[J]. Roomvent 2000, UK, 2000.
[19] (英)D.J.克鲁姆,B.M.罗伯茨.建筑物空气调节与通风[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1982.
[20] Alfred Koestel, Philip Hermann, G. L. Tuve. Comparative study of ventilating jets from various types of outlets[J]. ASHVE Transaction, 1950, 56 (1): 459~478.
[21] G. L. Tuve. Air velocities in ventilating jets[J]. ASHVE Transaction, 1953, 59(1): 261~282.
[22] H. A. Warda, S. Z. Kassab, K. A. Elshorbagy, et al. An experimental investigation of the near-field region of free turbulent round central and annular jets[J]. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 1999, 10(1): 1~14.
[23] G. Buresti, P. Petagna, A. Talamelli. Experimental investigation on the turbulent near-field of coaxial jets[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 1998, 17: 18~36.
[24] Guillaume Balarac, Olivier Métais. The near field of coaxial jets: A numerical study[J]. Physics of Fluids, 2005, 17(6): 065102-1~065102-14.
[25] Guido Buresti, Alessandro Talamelli, Paolo Petagna. Experimental characterization of the velocity field of a coaxial jet configuration[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 1994, 9(2): 135~146.
[26] N. W. M. Ko, A. S. H. Kwan. The initial region of coaxial jets[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanic, 1976, 73(4), 305~332.
[27] Nevin Celik, Haydar Eren. Heat transfer due to impinging co-axial jets and the jets’fluid flow characteristics[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2009, 33(4): 715~727.
[28] W. Forstall, A. H. Shapiro. Momentum and mass transfer in coaxial gas jets[J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 1951, 18: 219~228.
[29] D. Durao, J. H. Whitelaw. Turbulent mixing in the developing region of coaxial jets[J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 1973, 95: 467~473.
[30]宋剑,李根生.同轴直射流与旋转射流组合的双射流湍流流场数值模拟[J].水动力学研究与进展,2004,19(5):671~675.
[31]刘沛清.自由紊动射流理论[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2008.
[32]魏润柏.通风工程空气流动理论[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1981.
[33]赵承庆,姜毅.气体射流动力学[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,1998.
[34]周俊凯,陈国邦.冰蓄冷低温送风空调系统低温风口的设计和实验研究[D].浙江:浙江大学,2004.
[35] ASHRAE. ASHRAE HANDBOOK FUNDAMENT[M]. Atlanta: ASHRAE Press, 2002: Charpter32.
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[37]陈克城.流体力学实验技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1983.
[38]董立国,林豹.环形射流作用下吸气流动的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳建筑工程学院,2002.
[39]杨晚生,张吉光,张艳梅.静压式条缝送风口紊流系数及扩散角的测定[J].广东工业大学学报,2004,21(4):52~55.
[40] M. H. Hosni, Mohamed B. Abu-EI-Hassan, Paul L. Miller. Airflow characteristics of jet expansion for nonisothermal flow conditions[J]. ASHRAE Transactions, 1996, 102(2): 301~311.
[41] Zou Yue. Velocity decay in air jets for HVAC applications[J]. ASHRAE Transactions, 2000, 106(2).
[42] H. B. Nottage, J. G. Slaby, W. P. Gojsza. A smoke-filament technique for experimental research in room air distribution[J]. ASHVE Transaction, 1952, 46.
[43]朱仁庆,杨松林,杨大明.实验流体力学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2008.
[44]李云燕,胡传荣.实验设计与数据处理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[45]骆海川,连之伟.内部诱导型(DYⅢ型)旋流风口的实验研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2004.
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[2] GB50067-97.汽车库、修车库、停车场设计防火规范[S].1998.
[3]李茜.地下车库无风管诱导通风系统数值模拟研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2005.
[4] GB50019-2003.采暖通风与空气调节设计规范[S].2004.
[5]林国真.地下车库无风管诱导通风系统的优化研究[D].天津:天津大学,2008.
[6]耿要斌.诱导通风系统在地下汽车库的应用探讨[J].工程建设与设计,2004,7:45~46.
[7]韩泳.新型车库通风方式——诱导通风系统[J].工程设计与研究杂志,2005,1:7~8.
[8]彭荣.射流诱导通风系统的发展及其设计计算方法[J].建筑热能通风空调,2004,3:10~13.
[9]宋高举.12种典型送风口射流流型可视化及紊流系数实验研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2005.
[10]夏天,陈勇.地下车库无风管诱导通风系统的设计[J].制冷与空调,2002,1:28~30.
[11]崔慧苇.地下汽车库诱导通风系统设计探讨[J].福建建筑,2006,101(5):96~97.
[12]蔡浩,朱培根.地下车库诱导通风系统的数值模拟与优化[J].流体机械,2004,32(12):27~30.
[13]李晓冬,岳峻岷,等.地下车库中诱导通风方式的数值模拟[J].哈尔滨商业大学学报,2003,19(5):603~606.
[14] (苏)B.B.巴图林著,刘永年译.工业通风原理[M].北京:中国工业出版社,1965.
[15] T. G. Malmstr?m, A. T. Kirkpatrick, B. Christensen, et al. Centreline velocity decay measurements in low-velocity axisymmetric jets[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1997, 346: 363~377.
[16] T. G. Malmstr?m, B. Christensen, A. Kirkpatrick, et al. Low velocity jets from round nozzles[J]. Bulletin 26, Department for Building Services Engineering, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden, 1992.
[17] P. V. Nielsen, A. Restivo, J. H. Whitelaw. The velocity characteristics of ventilated rooms[J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 1978, 100:291~298.
[18] Yue Zou, P. V. Nielsen. Flow pattern in ventilated rooms with large depth and width[J]. Roomvent 2000, UK, 2000.
[19] (英)D.J.克鲁姆,B.M.罗伯茨.建筑物空气调节与通风[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1982.
[20] Alfred Koestel, Philip Hermann, G. L. Tuve. Comparative study of ventilating jets from various types of outlets[J]. ASHVE Transaction, 1950, 56 (1): 459~478.
[21] G. L. Tuve. Air velocities in ventilating jets[J]. ASHVE Transaction, 1953, 59(1): 261~282.
[22] H. A. Warda, S. Z. Kassab, K. A. Elshorbagy, et al. An experimental investigation of the near-field region of free turbulent round central and annular jets[J]. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 1999, 10(1): 1~14.
[23] G. Buresti, P. Petagna, A. Talamelli. Experimental investigation on the turbulent near-field of coaxial jets[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 1998, 17: 18~36.
[24] Guillaume Balarac, Olivier Métais. The near field of coaxial jets: A numerical study[J]. Physics of Fluids, 2005, 17(6): 065102-1~065102-14.
[25] Guido Buresti, Alessandro Talamelli, Paolo Petagna. Experimental characterization of the velocity field of a coaxial jet configuration[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 1994, 9(2): 135~146.
[26] N. W. M. Ko, A. S. H. Kwan. The initial region of coaxial jets[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanic, 1976, 73(4), 305~332.
[27] Nevin Celik, Haydar Eren. Heat transfer due to impinging co-axial jets and the jets’fluid flow characteristics[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2009, 33(4): 715~727.
[28] W. Forstall, A. H. Shapiro. Momentum and mass transfer in coaxial gas jets[J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 1951, 18: 219~228.
[29] D. Durao, J. H. Whitelaw. Turbulent mixing in the developing region of coaxial jets[J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 1973, 95: 467~473.
[30]宋剑,李根生.同轴直射流与旋转射流组合的双射流湍流流场数值模拟[J].水动力学研究与进展,2004,19(5):671~675.
[31]刘沛清.自由紊动射流理论[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2008.
[32]魏润柏.通风工程空气流动理论[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1981.
[33]赵承庆,姜毅.气体射流动力学[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,1998.
[34]周俊凯,陈国邦.冰蓄冷低温送风空调系统低温风口的设计和实验研究[D].浙江:浙江大学,2004.
[35] ASHRAE. ASHRAE HANDBOOK FUNDAMENT[M]. Atlanta: ASHRAE Press, 2002: Charpter32.
[36]宋耑,蒋欣之.热工测试技术及研究方法[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1986.
[37]陈克城.流体力学实验技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1983.
[38]董立国,林豹.环形射流作用下吸气流动的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳建筑工程学院,2002.
[39]杨晚生,张吉光,张艳梅.静压式条缝送风口紊流系数及扩散角的测定[J].广东工业大学学报,2004,21(4):52~55.
[40] M. H. Hosni, Mohamed B. Abu-EI-Hassan, Paul L. Miller. Airflow characteristics of jet expansion for nonisothermal flow conditions[J]. ASHRAE Transactions, 1996, 102(2): 301~311.
[41] Zou Yue. Velocity decay in air jets for HVAC applications[J]. ASHRAE Transactions, 2000, 106(2).
[42] H. B. Nottage, J. G. Slaby, W. P. Gojsza. A smoke-filament technique for experimental research in room air distribution[J]. ASHVE Transaction, 1952, 46.
[43]朱仁庆,杨松林,杨大明.实验流体力学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2008.
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