闽江河口沼泽湿地土壤甲烷产生潜力及其影响因子
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摘要
闽江河口沼泽湿地是我国东南沿海最具代表性的河口湿地之一,芦苇和咸草是主要的本地优势植物,互花米草为外来入侵种。本文采用室内厌氧培养法,研究了闽江河口以上植物占优势的湿地土壤CH4产生潜力,探讨了不同环境因子对CH4产生的影响。研究成果填补了我国在河口湿地CH4产生方面研究的不足。
本文研究结果如下：
(1)3种植物沼泽湿地土壤的CH4产生率在培养前期达到最大值后,随培养时间逐渐降低。不同植物湿地土壤CH4产生率不同,互花米草湿地>芦苇湿地>咸草湿地。不同质地土壤CH4的产生率不同,粒径较小的土壤CH4产生率较大。
(2)3种植物沼泽湿地土壤CH4产生量中有31.8%-62.4%被氧化,在土壤表层最大并随着土壤深度逐渐变小。不同深度土壤的CH4氧化率和产生率具有显著相关性。
(3)3种植物沼泽湿地表层土壤醋酸发酵途径产CH4的比重占到了60%-70%,而底层土壤醋酸途径产CH4所占比重降至30%左右。
(4)土壤中添加甲醇、醋酸、甲胺、三甲胺和H2/CO2对CH4产生有不同程度的促进作用。甲醇和三甲胺能够显著提高CH4产生率,而H2/CO2效果不明显。
(5)湿地土壤温度在一定范围内与CH4产生率成正相关,氧化还原电位和盐度与CH4产生率成负相关;土壤pH值在接近中性时CH4产生率最大。
The Minjiang River Estuary wetland is one of the most typical estuarine tidal wetlands in southeast seashore of China. Cyperus malaccensis and Phragmites australis (common reed) are the two main native dominant species, and Spartina alterniflora is a alien invasive plant. Methane production from different marshes soil in the Minjiang River Estuary wetland were measured using laboratory incubation. The effects of environmental factors on methane production were discussed. The results showed:
(1) The methane production rates reached the maximum on the third day in three kinds of plant marsh soil,then gradually decreased with incubation time. The methane production rates were different from thr three kinds of plant marsh soil:Spartina alterniflora> Phragmites australis> Cyperus malaccensis. The methane production rates were also different from different soil texture, small soil particle-size can support more methane production.
(2) Methane oxidation rates were determined during incubation of soil from marshes of the Minjiang River Estuary. About 31.8%-62.4% of the methane production was oxidated.The methane oxidation rate of 0-10 cm soil layer was higher than that of 40-50cm soil layer. Methane oxidation rate and production rate have a significant correlation in the different layers of soil.
(3) The methane production by acetate fermentation was up to 60%-70% of 0-10cm soil layer in the three kinds of marshes,40-50cm soil layer only account for 30%.
(4) The addition of H2/CO2 did not increase the methane production, the applying of methanol, acetate, methylamine and trimethylamine enhance methane production. The methanol and trimethylamine increased significantly the methane production.
(5) The marsh soil temperature was related to the methane production rate within a certain range.The marsh soil salinity and Eh have a negative correlation with the methane production. Also it's helpful to methane produce when the soil pH is close to neutral.
本文研究结果如下：
(1)3种植物沼泽湿地土壤的CH4产生率在培养前期达到最大值后,随培养时间逐渐降低。不同植物湿地土壤CH4产生率不同,互花米草湿地>芦苇湿地>咸草湿地。不同质地土壤CH4的产生率不同,粒径较小的土壤CH4产生率较大。
(2)3种植物沼泽湿地土壤CH4产生量中有31.8%-62.4%被氧化,在土壤表层最大并随着土壤深度逐渐变小。不同深度土壤的CH4氧化率和产生率具有显著相关性。
(3)3种植物沼泽湿地表层土壤醋酸发酵途径产CH4的比重占到了60%-70%,而底层土壤醋酸途径产CH4所占比重降至30%左右。
(4)土壤中添加甲醇、醋酸、甲胺、三甲胺和H2/CO2对CH4产生有不同程度的促进作用。甲醇和三甲胺能够显著提高CH4产生率,而H2/CO2效果不明显。
(5)湿地土壤温度在一定范围内与CH4产生率成正相关,氧化还原电位和盐度与CH4产生率成负相关;土壤pH值在接近中性时CH4产生率最大。
The Minjiang River Estuary wetland is one of the most typical estuarine tidal wetlands in southeast seashore of China. Cyperus malaccensis and Phragmites australis (common reed) are the two main native dominant species, and Spartina alterniflora is a alien invasive plant. Methane production from different marshes soil in the Minjiang River Estuary wetland were measured using laboratory incubation. The effects of environmental factors on methane production were discussed. The results showed:
(1) The methane production rates reached the maximum on the third day in three kinds of plant marsh soil,then gradually decreased with incubation time. The methane production rates were different from thr three kinds of plant marsh soil:Spartina alterniflora> Phragmites australis> Cyperus malaccensis. The methane production rates were also different from different soil texture, small soil particle-size can support more methane production.
(2) Methane oxidation rates were determined during incubation of soil from marshes of the Minjiang River Estuary. About 31.8%-62.4% of the methane production was oxidated.The methane oxidation rate of 0-10 cm soil layer was higher than that of 40-50cm soil layer. Methane oxidation rate and production rate have a significant correlation in the different layers of soil.
(3) The methane production by acetate fermentation was up to 60%-70% of 0-10cm soil layer in the three kinds of marshes,40-50cm soil layer only account for 30%.
(4) The addition of H2/CO2 did not increase the methane production, the applying of methanol, acetate, methylamine and trimethylamine enhance methane production. The methanol and trimethylamine increased significantly the methane production.
(5) The marsh soil temperature was related to the methane production rate within a certain range.The marsh soil salinity and Eh have a negative correlation with the methane production. Also it's helpful to methane produce when the soil pH is close to neutral.
引文
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