小型可调谐同位素TEA~（13）C~（16）O_2激光器研究
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摘要
TEA CO2激光器工作在9-11μm波段,处于大气窗口,可以广泛应用远距离测污,泵浦远红外激光器以及工业加工等领域。尤其小型可调谐TEA CO2激光器体积小重量轻,可用于多种工作场所,是远距离测污雷达的理想光源。采用CO2同位素作为激光器的工作物质能够大大扩展激光器的光谱范围,当同位素TEA CO2激光器用于测污雷达时,具有两个优越性:1、同位素CO2激光器扩展了CO2激光器的输出波长范围,从而大大增加了可探测物质种类;2、同位素CO2激光的中心谱线偏离12C16O2的中心谱线位置,减少了激光器输出谱线在大气中传输时由于大气中的12C16O2造成的衰减,可以大大增加测污雷达的测量距离。基于这一背景,本论文主要从理论和实验两方面对小型可调谐TEA13C16O2激光器进行了研究。
本文的理论计算主要从两个方面研究了TEA13C16O2激光器的输出特性:1、采用离散变量表象(DVR)方法计算了12C16O2分子与13C16O2分子的振转能级,0001-1000与0001-0200量子跃迁谱线位置与相应自发辐射系数,并根据自发辐射系数计算了不同激光谱线的小信号增益系数。通过对比可以发现对于12C16O2分子,0001-1000波段的小信号增益与0001-0200波段的小信号增益相差不大,而对于13C16O2分子,0001-1000波段的小信号增益大约是0001-0200波段的小信号增益的两倍。2、应用增益开关六温度方法计算了小型TEA 13C16O2激光器的腔内光强变化,激光输出脉冲波形,反转粒子数密度。分析了在不同工作气压,气体温度,非解离系数及电子泵浦密度条件下的TEA13C16O2激光器的脉冲能量变化趋势。
本文的实验研究由两个阶段构成,1、由于激光器能量输出水平影响小型可调谐TEA CO2激光器输出谱线支数,本文通过增大激活体积,改变激励电路,改变峰值电容与储能电容的容量,改变工作气压,添加附加气体这几种方式来提高激光器输出。在峰值电容为5.4nf,储能电容为24.3nf时,选用工作气压为85.3kPa,配气比为CO2: N2: He=1: 1: 3的混合气体,获得最高输出能量540mJ。峰值电容为2.28nf,储能电容为13.5nf时,选用工作气压为66.6kPa,配气比为CO2: N2: He=1: 1: 3的混合气体,在最高输出能量约为409mJ时,测得四个波段共69条谱线输出。研究了附加气体H2与Xe对TEA CO2激光器输出的影响,发现加入适量的H2可以使激光器输出能量获得增加,当加入Xe气时,激光器输出能量未获得改善。2、在第一阶段的实验基础上,选择峰值电容为2.28nf,储能电容为13.5nf,进行同位素TEA 13C16O2激光器的输出实验研究,在64kPa气压下获得了最高约357mJ的能量输出与51支谱线输出。研究了附加气体H2对TEA 13C16O2激光器输出特性的影响,在气体配比13C16O2: N2: He=1: 1: 3+1% H2时,在80kPa的工作气压下,获得最高输出能量为407mJ,输出谱线57条,使激光器输出能量与输出谱线均获得增加。
The wavelength of TEA CO2 laser radiation is in the spectral range of 9-11μm and within atmospheric window. It is widely used in pollution monitoring, pumping far infrared laser and industry processing. Especially the miniature tunable TEA CO2 laser which is small and light can be used in many fields. It is a perfect optical source of pollution monitoring lidar. Using isotope CO2 as laser medium the spectral range of laser is widely extended. When isotope TEACO2 laser is used in LDIAL, the following merits exist: 1. Because the CO2 isotope laser extends the spectral range of CO2 laser, the lidar using CO2 isotope laser can enhance the amount of detectable atmospheric pollutants. 2. The central wavelength of the CO2 isotope laser is different from that of the 12C16O2 laser, so that the laser using the CO2 isotope as the active medium can reduce the absorption caused by the atmospheric 12C16O2. This characteristic develops the longer operation range of pollution monitoring lidar. Based on this background, a miniature tunable TEA 13C16O2 laser is researched from theoretical and experimental aspect in the dissertation.
The theoretical studies in the dissertation are the researches on the output character of the TEA 13C16O2 laser using two methods: 1. Discrete Variable Representation (DVR) technique is used to calculate the ro-vibrational energy level, the emission lines in 0001-1000 and 0001-0200 bands and the corresponding Einstein spontaneous emission coefficients of 12C16O2 and 13C16O2. So the small signal gain of different emission lines is calculated from the Einstein spontaneous emission coefficients. Compared the results of 13C16O2 with 12C16O2, it is found that the small signal gain in 0001-1000 and 0001-0200 bands of 12C16O2 is similar, but the small signal gain in 0001-1000 band of 13C16O2 is about twice as much as the gain in 0001-0200 band. 2. The gain switched six-temperature technique is used to calculate the cavity-field intensity, laser output pulse, inverse population, small signal gain of the miniature TEA 13C16O2 laser. The influence of gas pressure, gas temperature, undissociated coefficient and electron pump density on the output energy of TEA 13C16O2 laser is researched.
The experimental research in the dissertation consists of two stages. Firstly, the magnitude of laser output energy affected the number of TEA CO2 laser emission lines. To increase the laser output energy, the following means are attempted in the experiments: 1) The laser active volume is enlarged. 2) The different excited circuits are attempted. 3) The optimal magnitude of the peak capacitance and the storage capacitance is studied. 4) The optimal work pressure is researched. 5) The additive gas is added. When peak capacitance is 5.4nf and storage capacitance is 24.3nf, the maximum energy of 540mJ is obtained by using gas mixture CO2: N2: He=1: 1: 3 at 85.3kPa. When peak capacitance is 2.28nf and storage capacitance is 13.5nf, the maximum energy of 409mJ and 69 emission lines are obtained by using gas mixture CO2: N2: He=1: 1: 3 at 66.6kPa. The effect of additive gas H2 and Xe on the output of TEA CO2 laser is researched. The output energy of TEA CO2 laser is improved when proper H2 is added to the gas mixture, but the output energy is not improved when Xe is added to the gas mixture. Secondly, based on experiments in the first stage, peak capacitance of 2.28nf and storage capacitance of 13.5nf are used, when the experiments on output of isotope TEA 13C16O2 laser are carried. At gas pressure of 64kPa, the maximum output energy of 357mJ and 51 emission lines are obtained. The effect of the additive gas H2 on the TEA 13C16O2 laser output character is researched. At the gas pressure of 80kPa, the gas mixture 13C16O2: N2: He=1: 1: 3+1% H2 is used to obtain maximum output energy of 407mJ and 57 emission lines. The output energy and the number of laser emission lines are increased.
本文的理论计算主要从两个方面研究了TEA13C16O2激光器的输出特性:1、采用离散变量表象(DVR)方法计算了12C16O2分子与13C16O2分子的振转能级,0001-1000与0001-0200量子跃迁谱线位置与相应自发辐射系数,并根据自发辐射系数计算了不同激光谱线的小信号增益系数。通过对比可以发现对于12C16O2分子,0001-1000波段的小信号增益与0001-0200波段的小信号增益相差不大,而对于13C16O2分子,0001-1000波段的小信号增益大约是0001-0200波段的小信号增益的两倍。2、应用增益开关六温度方法计算了小型TEA 13C16O2激光器的腔内光强变化,激光输出脉冲波形,反转粒子数密度。分析了在不同工作气压,气体温度,非解离系数及电子泵浦密度条件下的TEA13C16O2激光器的脉冲能量变化趋势。
本文的实验研究由两个阶段构成,1、由于激光器能量输出水平影响小型可调谐TEA CO2激光器输出谱线支数,本文通过增大激活体积,改变激励电路,改变峰值电容与储能电容的容量,改变工作气压,添加附加气体这几种方式来提高激光器输出。在峰值电容为5.4nf,储能电容为24.3nf时,选用工作气压为85.3kPa,配气比为CO2: N2: He=1: 1: 3的混合气体,获得最高输出能量540mJ。峰值电容为2.28nf,储能电容为13.5nf时,选用工作气压为66.6kPa,配气比为CO2: N2: He=1: 1: 3的混合气体,在最高输出能量约为409mJ时,测得四个波段共69条谱线输出。研究了附加气体H2与Xe对TEA CO2激光器输出的影响,发现加入适量的H2可以使激光器输出能量获得增加,当加入Xe气时,激光器输出能量未获得改善。2、在第一阶段的实验基础上,选择峰值电容为2.28nf,储能电容为13.5nf,进行同位素TEA 13C16O2激光器的输出实验研究,在64kPa气压下获得了最高约357mJ的能量输出与51支谱线输出。研究了附加气体H2对TEA 13C16O2激光器输出特性的影响,在气体配比13C16O2: N2: He=1: 1: 3+1% H2时,在80kPa的工作气压下,获得最高输出能量为407mJ,输出谱线57条,使激光器输出能量与输出谱线均获得增加。
The wavelength of TEA CO2 laser radiation is in the spectral range of 9-11μm and within atmospheric window. It is widely used in pollution monitoring, pumping far infrared laser and industry processing. Especially the miniature tunable TEA CO2 laser which is small and light can be used in many fields. It is a perfect optical source of pollution monitoring lidar. Using isotope CO2 as laser medium the spectral range of laser is widely extended. When isotope TEACO2 laser is used in LDIAL, the following merits exist: 1. Because the CO2 isotope laser extends the spectral range of CO2 laser, the lidar using CO2 isotope laser can enhance the amount of detectable atmospheric pollutants. 2. The central wavelength of the CO2 isotope laser is different from that of the 12C16O2 laser, so that the laser using the CO2 isotope as the active medium can reduce the absorption caused by the atmospheric 12C16O2. This characteristic develops the longer operation range of pollution monitoring lidar. Based on this background, a miniature tunable TEA 13C16O2 laser is researched from theoretical and experimental aspect in the dissertation.
The theoretical studies in the dissertation are the researches on the output character of the TEA 13C16O2 laser using two methods: 1. Discrete Variable Representation (DVR) technique is used to calculate the ro-vibrational energy level, the emission lines in 0001-1000 and 0001-0200 bands and the corresponding Einstein spontaneous emission coefficients of 12C16O2 and 13C16O2. So the small signal gain of different emission lines is calculated from the Einstein spontaneous emission coefficients. Compared the results of 13C16O2 with 12C16O2, it is found that the small signal gain in 0001-1000 and 0001-0200 bands of 12C16O2 is similar, but the small signal gain in 0001-1000 band of 13C16O2 is about twice as much as the gain in 0001-0200 band. 2. The gain switched six-temperature technique is used to calculate the cavity-field intensity, laser output pulse, inverse population, small signal gain of the miniature TEA 13C16O2 laser. The influence of gas pressure, gas temperature, undissociated coefficient and electron pump density on the output energy of TEA 13C16O2 laser is researched.
The experimental research in the dissertation consists of two stages. Firstly, the magnitude of laser output energy affected the number of TEA CO2 laser emission lines. To increase the laser output energy, the following means are attempted in the experiments: 1) The laser active volume is enlarged. 2) The different excited circuits are attempted. 3) The optimal magnitude of the peak capacitance and the storage capacitance is studied. 4) The optimal work pressure is researched. 5) The additive gas is added. When peak capacitance is 5.4nf and storage capacitance is 24.3nf, the maximum energy of 540mJ is obtained by using gas mixture CO2: N2: He=1: 1: 3 at 85.3kPa. When peak capacitance is 2.28nf and storage capacitance is 13.5nf, the maximum energy of 409mJ and 69 emission lines are obtained by using gas mixture CO2: N2: He=1: 1: 3 at 66.6kPa. The effect of additive gas H2 and Xe on the output of TEA CO2 laser is researched. The output energy of TEA CO2 laser is improved when proper H2 is added to the gas mixture, but the output energy is not improved when Xe is added to the gas mixture. Secondly, based on experiments in the first stage, peak capacitance of 2.28nf and storage capacitance of 13.5nf are used, when the experiments on output of isotope TEA 13C16O2 laser are carried. At gas pressure of 64kPa, the maximum output energy of 357mJ and 51 emission lines are obtained. The effect of the additive gas H2 on the TEA 13C16O2 laser output character is researched. At the gas pressure of 80kPa, the gas mixture 13C16O2: N2: He=1: 1: 3+1% H2 is used to obtain maximum output energy of 407mJ and 57 emission lines. The output energy and the number of laser emission lines are increased.
引文
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59 Attila G. Császár, J. Sophie Kain, Oleg L. Polyansky, Nikolai F. Zobov and Jonathan Tennyson. Relativistic Corrections to the Potential Energy Surface and Vibration-rotation Levels of Water. Chemical Physics Letters. 1998, 293: 317~322
60 D. Belmiloud and M. Jacon. Rotation-Vibration Energy Levels from Recent Potential Energy Surfaces for the Ground Electronics States of NO2 and H2O. International Journal of Quantum Chemistry. 2000, 76: 535~540
61 H.Vilanove and M. Jacon. Discrete Variable Representation Method Applied to the Determination of Rotation-Vibration Bound States of NO2. International Journal of Quantum Chemistry. 1997, 62: 199~211
62 Maxim A. Kostin, Oleg L. Polyansky and Jonathan Tennyson. Calculation of Rotation-Vibration States with the z Axis Perpendicular to the Plane: High Accuracy Results for H+3. Journal of Chemical Physics. 2002, 116(17): 7564~7573
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69 A. G. Császár, Anharmonic Force Field of CO2, J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 7898~7904
70 Richard B. Wattson, Laurence S. Rothman. Direct Numerical Diagonalization: Wave of the Future. Journal of Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer.1992, 48(6): 763~780
71 M. Jacon, L. Daumont and J.-L. Teffo. Application of the DVR Method to the Vibration-Rotation Spectrum of N2O: Derivation of the Dipole Moment Derivatives in Radau Coordinates. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer. 2004, 83: 435~444
72 Jonathan Tennyson, Maxim A. Kostin, Paolo Barletta, Gregory J. Harris, Oleg L. Polyansky, Jayesh Ramanlal and Nikolai F. Zobov. DVR3D: A Program Suite for the Calculation of Rotation-Vibration Spectra of Triatomic Molecules. Computer Physics Communications. 2004,163: 85~116
73 L.S. Rothman, D. Jacquemart, A. Barbe Benner D. Chris, Birk M., Brown L.R., Carleer M.R., Chackerian Jr. C., Chance K., Coudert L.H., Dana V., Devi V.M., Flaud, J.-M.; Gam, che R.R., Goldman A., Hartmann J.-M., Jucks K.W., Maki A.G., Mandin J.-Y., Massie S.T., Orphal J., Perrin A., Rinsland C.P., Smith M.A.H., Tennyson J., Tolchenov R.N., Toth,R.A., Vander Auwera J., Varanasi P., Wagner G. The HITRAN 2004 Molecular Spectroscopic Database. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer. 2005, 96(12): 139~204
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76 Che Jen Chen. Pumping Mechanism of CO2 laser and Formation Rate of CO2 from CO and O*. Journal of Appled Physics. 1971, 42(3): 1016~1020
77周炳琨,高以智,陈家骅,陈倜嵘.激光原理.国防工业出版社. 1995: 123~125
78 Wang Tie-Jun, He Qiong-Yi, Gao Jin-Yue, Sun Man, Kang Zhi-Hui, Jiang Yun, Zhang Ying-Fei. Comparison between Four-level Model and Six-temperature Model on the Description of a Simple Mechanical Q-switched CO2 Laser. Journal of Appled Physics. 2006, 100: 023121
79田兆硕,王骐,李自勤,王雨三.电光调Q CO2激光器的六温度模型理论与速率方程理论比较分析.物理学报. 2001, 50(12):2369~2374
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69 A. G. Császár, Anharmonic Force Field of CO2, J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 7898~7904
70 Richard B. Wattson, Laurence S. Rothman. Direct Numerical Diagonalization: Wave of the Future. Journal of Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer.1992, 48(6): 763~780
71 M. Jacon, L. Daumont and J.-L. Teffo. Application of the DVR Method to the Vibration-Rotation Spectrum of N2O: Derivation of the Dipole Moment Derivatives in Radau Coordinates. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer. 2004, 83: 435~444
72 Jonathan Tennyson, Maxim A. Kostin, Paolo Barletta, Gregory J. Harris, Oleg L. Polyansky, Jayesh Ramanlal and Nikolai F. Zobov. DVR3D: A Program Suite for the Calculation of Rotation-Vibration Spectra of Triatomic Molecules. Computer Physics Communications. 2004,163: 85~116
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79田兆硕,王骐,李自勤,王雨三.电光调Q CO2激光器的六温度模型理论与速率方程理论比较分析.物理学报. 2001, 50(12):2369~2374
80 B. A. Ghani, M. Hammadi. Mathematical Modeling of Hybrid CO2 Laser. Optics & Laser Technology. 2001, 33(4):243~247
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