大尺寸双肢圆端型钢管混凝土斜拉桥设计与施工关键技术研究
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摘要
圆形钢管混凝土由于其结构上的对称性,能充分发挥钢管对混凝土的“紧箍”效应,应用最为广泛,国内外关于钢管混凝土的研究也多以圆形钢管混凝土为主。近年来,圆端形钢管混凝土双肢结构开始应用在斜拉桥的主塔结构体系中,关于其受力性能的研究较少,也未形成相关的理论体系。
武汉市后湖斜拉桥主塔采用单索面独塔大尺寸圆端形钢管微膨胀混凝土双肢塔柱。其核心混凝土采用C50自密实微膨胀混凝土,采用高抛施工工艺,混凝土强度在50MPa以上,弹性模量在38GPa以上。本文通过数值模拟、应力监控及试验对钢管混凝土结构的选型、微膨胀高强度钢管混凝土的配合比设计、力学性能及高抛工艺、以及在桥梁施工中的关键技术开展了深入系统的研究工作,研究成果为微膨胀高强钢管混凝土材料的设计、制备与应用提供理论依据和技术支撑。
本文进行的主要工作和取得的成果有：
第一,通过建立不同截面形式(圆端形双肢、圆端形单肢、圆形双肢、矩形)的钢管混凝土塔柱模型,在偏压荷载的作用下综合比较四种截面形式塔柱的最不利应力,发现圆端形双肢塔柱在偏压状况下,应力状况最理想,后湖斜拉桥的主塔中塔柱的选型是合理的。
第二,对钢管混凝土进行配合比设计及现场高抛试验,结果表明：本研究确定的C50自密实钢管混凝土的弹性模量大于38.5Gpa,抗压强度大于60Mpa,配合比设计合理,所配制的混凝土完全满足高抛施工工艺的要求；主塔施工完毕后对钢管混凝土密实度的检测结果也表明,钢管内混凝土密实性良好,混凝土与钢管之间无缝隙,达到工程设计要求。
第三,介绍了后湖大桥主塔施工中传感器的布置方案、测试仪器和测试工况,根据斜拉桥的施工特点,将测试工况分为轴压受力工况和偏压受力工况,进而分析圆端形钢管混凝土塔柱在不同工况下的受力性能。
第四,通过试验研究与数值模拟的方法,确定微膨胀C50圆端形钢管混凝土的应力应变关系,并结合工程实例,在几何和材料双非线性影响下,用泊松比的变化来模拟核心混凝土地微膨胀效应,分析施工中圆端形钢管混凝土双肢柱在轴心受压和偏心受压两种情形下的受力性能,用接触分析法和子模型法来研究钢管与混凝土相互作用以及变截面区节点的应力状况,并考察结构在三轴应力下的最不利应力状态。分析结果表明,在考虑混凝土泊松比变化情况下,逐步改变核心混凝土泊松比,与不考虑混凝土泊松比变化的情况相比较,可使极限承载力比不考虑混凝土泊松比变化时的计算值高,体现了钢管对核心混凝土的套箍作用；这种结构在轴心受压时,应力变化很小；在承受偏心荷载时,应力增幅较大,且能充分利用其结构形式上的特点；运用接触分析法和子模型法分别对圆端形钢管混凝土双肢柱及变截面区作了精确的受力分析,得到圆端形钢管混凝土塔柱在轴压和偏压荷载作用下的应力变化规律,找到结构在三轴应力下的最不利应力状态,将理论计算所得的数据与实测数据进行比较,结果表明理论值和实测值吻合较好,表明有限元分析选用的单元、材料以及各种参数是合理的,可以完全反映塔柱在施工阶段的受力性能,为桥梁的施工以及监控工作提供参考依据。
第五,对圆端形钢管混凝土斜拉桥梁进行了动力特性研究,结果显示桥梁在成桥运营的动力特性正常,结构稳定。
后湖斜拉桥采用单索面非对称独塔圆端形钢管微膨胀混凝土双肢塔柱,结构设计选型新颖,是一种创新型结构形式；通过截面形式的选型、配合比设计、应力监测和数值模拟,找到了圆端形钢管混凝土在轴压和偏压荷载作用下的应力变化规律及结构的最不利应力状态,并根据实测和理论分析结果对该类构件的设计提出了有益建议。
Because of its structural of symmetry and can make full use of the steel concrete "hoop effect", round-shape Steel Tube-Filled Concrete (CFST) was the most widely used. The study on round-shape CFST is mainly applied in cable-stayed bridge, but for the round-ended CFST coupled column tower, the study of its mechanical properties is less, no less than the theoretical system.
A large size round-ended Steel Tube-Filled Concrete coupled tower column was used in Houhu bridge with single tower and single cable plane in Wuhan. Its core concrete was C50 self-compacting micro expansion concrete with high dropping construction technology, the strength and the elastic modulus of concrete was 50 MPa above and 38GPa above separately. The suitable type, mixture ratio design, mechanical properties and high dropping construction technology of CFST, as well as the key technology in bridge construction system were studied systematically with numerical simulation, stress monitor and test study in this paper. The research achievement supplied the theory and technology for the design, preparation and application of micro expansion high-strength CFST materials.
The originality innovation of this thesis is summarized as following:
Firstly, the models of CFST tower with different cross-section (round-ended coupled limb, round-shape coupled limb, round-ended single limb, rectangular) were established, by imposing eccentric compression, the most unfavorable stress mechanical behaviors are compared. By analyzing stress cloud and extracting the stress data of the characteristic section, the results reflected the advantages of the mechanical behaviors of the round-ended CFST with coupled limb, which was applied in Houhu Bridge.
Secondly, the mixture ratio design and high dropping construction test of CFST were conducted, the results show that: the C50 self-compacting CFST have reasonable mixture ratio and completely satisfied the requirements for high dropping construction technology, and its elastic modulus is for over 38.5 GPa, while the compressive strength is for over 60Mpa. After the completion of the tower in the construction of CFST tubular, the density detection results show that: the consistency of concrete in the steel of main tower is good, concrete and steel is seamless, which can reach the requirements for engineering design.
Thirdly, the layout schemes of sensor, the measuring instrument and the load cases in the construction of Houhu Bridge's tower were introduced. According to the characteristic of construction in the cable-stayed bridge, the load cases are divided into axial compression case and eccentric compression case so as to analyze the mechanical behaviors of the rounded-end CFST.
Fourthly, the stress-strain relationship of the round-ended concrete filled steel tubes were considered with test study and numerical simulation, and based on an example of project, considering the geometrical physical nonlinearities simultane-ously, to simulate the micro-expansive effect by making use of the variation of Poisson's ratio, the mechanical properties of the round-ended CFST coupled column were analyzed with the stress monitoring and numerical simulation in axial compression and eccentric compression, the interaction between the steel and the core, the stress condition of node in the area of the variable cross-section were analyzed with the contact analysis and the sub-model technology, and the most disadvantaged stress state of the structure under the triaxial compression are studied. The result shows that:With the variable concrete Poisson's ratio, comparatively, the bearing capacity analysis considering the variable concrete Poisson's ratio enables to enhance the design capacity, the stress of the structure changes little in axial compression, but increases large while bearing eccentric loads, especially it can make full use of the characteristics of the form of this structure, contact analysis and sub-model method were used to analyze the round-ended CFST coupled tower column and the variable cross-section area respectively, the results reflected the change rules of stress of round-ended CFST tubular tower in axial compression case and eccentric compression case, in addition, the most disadvantaged stress state of the structure under the triaxial compression was found out, the results also prove that the theoretical data is consistent with the measured data, which can indicate that the selection of unit, material and various parameters are reasonable, can fully reflect the carrying capability in the construction of tower, provide the reference for the construction and monitoring for bridge.
Lastly, the study on the dynamic characteristics of round-ended CFST Bridge was analyzed and the results showed that: the dynamic characteristic of bridge is normal in constructed of bridge and the structure is stable.
In the analysis of the mechanical behaviors of round-ended CFST tower applied in Houhu cable-stayed bridge with single tower and unsymmetrical single cable plane in Wuhan, which was a innovative structure. An excellent and reasonable design of bridge was obtained with the selection of different tower with different cross-section, the mixture ratio design, stress monitoring and the numerical simulation, the results reflected the change rule of stress of circle-end CFST tower under axial compression case and eccentric compression case. In addition, the most disadvantaged stress state of the structure was found out. Some measures are proposed to this kind of structure members basing on the results of the measured data and the theoretical analysis.
武汉市后湖斜拉桥主塔采用单索面独塔大尺寸圆端形钢管微膨胀混凝土双肢塔柱。其核心混凝土采用C50自密实微膨胀混凝土,采用高抛施工工艺,混凝土强度在50MPa以上,弹性模量在38GPa以上。本文通过数值模拟、应力监控及试验对钢管混凝土结构的选型、微膨胀高强度钢管混凝土的配合比设计、力学性能及高抛工艺、以及在桥梁施工中的关键技术开展了深入系统的研究工作,研究成果为微膨胀高强钢管混凝土材料的设计、制备与应用提供理论依据和技术支撑。
本文进行的主要工作和取得的成果有：
第一,通过建立不同截面形式(圆端形双肢、圆端形单肢、圆形双肢、矩形)的钢管混凝土塔柱模型,在偏压荷载的作用下综合比较四种截面形式塔柱的最不利应力,发现圆端形双肢塔柱在偏压状况下,应力状况最理想,后湖斜拉桥的主塔中塔柱的选型是合理的。
第二,对钢管混凝土进行配合比设计及现场高抛试验,结果表明：本研究确定的C50自密实钢管混凝土的弹性模量大于38.5Gpa,抗压强度大于60Mpa,配合比设计合理,所配制的混凝土完全满足高抛施工工艺的要求；主塔施工完毕后对钢管混凝土密实度的检测结果也表明,钢管内混凝土密实性良好,混凝土与钢管之间无缝隙,达到工程设计要求。
第三,介绍了后湖大桥主塔施工中传感器的布置方案、测试仪器和测试工况,根据斜拉桥的施工特点,将测试工况分为轴压受力工况和偏压受力工况,进而分析圆端形钢管混凝土塔柱在不同工况下的受力性能。
第四,通过试验研究与数值模拟的方法,确定微膨胀C50圆端形钢管混凝土的应力应变关系,并结合工程实例,在几何和材料双非线性影响下,用泊松比的变化来模拟核心混凝土地微膨胀效应,分析施工中圆端形钢管混凝土双肢柱在轴心受压和偏心受压两种情形下的受力性能,用接触分析法和子模型法来研究钢管与混凝土相互作用以及变截面区节点的应力状况,并考察结构在三轴应力下的最不利应力状态。分析结果表明,在考虑混凝土泊松比变化情况下,逐步改变核心混凝土泊松比,与不考虑混凝土泊松比变化的情况相比较,可使极限承载力比不考虑混凝土泊松比变化时的计算值高,体现了钢管对核心混凝土的套箍作用；这种结构在轴心受压时,应力变化很小；在承受偏心荷载时,应力增幅较大,且能充分利用其结构形式上的特点；运用接触分析法和子模型法分别对圆端形钢管混凝土双肢柱及变截面区作了精确的受力分析,得到圆端形钢管混凝土塔柱在轴压和偏压荷载作用下的应力变化规律,找到结构在三轴应力下的最不利应力状态,将理论计算所得的数据与实测数据进行比较,结果表明理论值和实测值吻合较好,表明有限元分析选用的单元、材料以及各种参数是合理的,可以完全反映塔柱在施工阶段的受力性能,为桥梁的施工以及监控工作提供参考依据。
第五,对圆端形钢管混凝土斜拉桥梁进行了动力特性研究,结果显示桥梁在成桥运营的动力特性正常,结构稳定。
后湖斜拉桥采用单索面非对称独塔圆端形钢管微膨胀混凝土双肢塔柱,结构设计选型新颖,是一种创新型结构形式；通过截面形式的选型、配合比设计、应力监测和数值模拟,找到了圆端形钢管混凝土在轴压和偏压荷载作用下的应力变化规律及结构的最不利应力状态,并根据实测和理论分析结果对该类构件的设计提出了有益建议。
Because of its structural of symmetry and can make full use of the steel concrete "hoop effect", round-shape Steel Tube-Filled Concrete (CFST) was the most widely used. The study on round-shape CFST is mainly applied in cable-stayed bridge, but for the round-ended CFST coupled column tower, the study of its mechanical properties is less, no less than the theoretical system.
A large size round-ended Steel Tube-Filled Concrete coupled tower column was used in Houhu bridge with single tower and single cable plane in Wuhan. Its core concrete was C50 self-compacting micro expansion concrete with high dropping construction technology, the strength and the elastic modulus of concrete was 50 MPa above and 38GPa above separately. The suitable type, mixture ratio design, mechanical properties and high dropping construction technology of CFST, as well as the key technology in bridge construction system were studied systematically with numerical simulation, stress monitor and test study in this paper. The research achievement supplied the theory and technology for the design, preparation and application of micro expansion high-strength CFST materials.
The originality innovation of this thesis is summarized as following:
Firstly, the models of CFST tower with different cross-section (round-ended coupled limb, round-shape coupled limb, round-ended single limb, rectangular) were established, by imposing eccentric compression, the most unfavorable stress mechanical behaviors are compared. By analyzing stress cloud and extracting the stress data of the characteristic section, the results reflected the advantages of the mechanical behaviors of the round-ended CFST with coupled limb, which was applied in Houhu Bridge.
Secondly, the mixture ratio design and high dropping construction test of CFST were conducted, the results show that: the C50 self-compacting CFST have reasonable mixture ratio and completely satisfied the requirements for high dropping construction technology, and its elastic modulus is for over 38.5 GPa, while the compressive strength is for over 60Mpa. After the completion of the tower in the construction of CFST tubular, the density detection results show that: the consistency of concrete in the steel of main tower is good, concrete and steel is seamless, which can reach the requirements for engineering design.
Thirdly, the layout schemes of sensor, the measuring instrument and the load cases in the construction of Houhu Bridge's tower were introduced. According to the characteristic of construction in the cable-stayed bridge, the load cases are divided into axial compression case and eccentric compression case so as to analyze the mechanical behaviors of the rounded-end CFST.
Fourthly, the stress-strain relationship of the round-ended concrete filled steel tubes were considered with test study and numerical simulation, and based on an example of project, considering the geometrical physical nonlinearities simultane-ously, to simulate the micro-expansive effect by making use of the variation of Poisson's ratio, the mechanical properties of the round-ended CFST coupled column were analyzed with the stress monitoring and numerical simulation in axial compression and eccentric compression, the interaction between the steel and the core, the stress condition of node in the area of the variable cross-section were analyzed with the contact analysis and the sub-model technology, and the most disadvantaged stress state of the structure under the triaxial compression are studied. The result shows that:With the variable concrete Poisson's ratio, comparatively, the bearing capacity analysis considering the variable concrete Poisson's ratio enables to enhance the design capacity, the stress of the structure changes little in axial compression, but increases large while bearing eccentric loads, especially it can make full use of the characteristics of the form of this structure, contact analysis and sub-model method were used to analyze the round-ended CFST coupled tower column and the variable cross-section area respectively, the results reflected the change rules of stress of round-ended CFST tubular tower in axial compression case and eccentric compression case, in addition, the most disadvantaged stress state of the structure under the triaxial compression was found out, the results also prove that the theoretical data is consistent with the measured data, which can indicate that the selection of unit, material and various parameters are reasonable, can fully reflect the carrying capability in the construction of tower, provide the reference for the construction and monitoring for bridge.
Lastly, the study on the dynamic characteristics of round-ended CFST Bridge was analyzed and the results showed that: the dynamic characteristic of bridge is normal in constructed of bridge and the structure is stable.
In the analysis of the mechanical behaviors of round-ended CFST tower applied in Houhu cable-stayed bridge with single tower and unsymmetrical single cable plane in Wuhan, which was a innovative structure. An excellent and reasonable design of bridge was obtained with the selection of different tower with different cross-section, the mixture ratio design, stress monitoring and the numerical simulation, the results reflected the change rule of stress of circle-end CFST tower under axial compression case and eccentric compression case. In addition, the most disadvantaged stress state of the structure was found out. Some measures are proposed to this kind of structure members basing on the results of the measured data and the theoretical analysis.
引文
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