GPS及GIS技术在车载导航系统中的应用研究
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摘要
随着社会的发展,汽车已经成为人们必不可少的交通工具,这就造成了城市中日益严峻的交通和环境污染问题。智能交通系统(ITS)的开发和应用对缓解和改善城市交通状况、促进行车安全和提高道路的通行效率具有重要意义。车载导航系统是智能交通系统中一个重要的组成部分,由车载移动终端、无线通信链路和车辆监控中心三个部分组成。地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)技术及全球定位系统(Global Positioning System,GPS)技术的应用是车载导航系统功能实现的重要基础。
论文首先分析了车载导航系统在国内外的开发研究现状,简要阐述了GPS及GIS的工作原理。通过分析GPS接收机的数据格式,研究了GPS数据的采集和处理过程,重点讨论了坐标转换的方法,对选用七参数法和三参数法进行WGS-84坐标到BJ-54坐标转换的具体结果进行比较分析。
论文探讨了车载电子地图的设计与制作过程,实现了简单的电子地图功能,并以日照市的部分地区为例,对电子地图的放大、缩小、漫游、距离和面积的量测等功能进行了验证。论文还重点研究了地图匹配算法的基本原理,基本方法,并应用了一种基于模式识别的地图匹配算法校正GPS定位误差。在论文的最后,提出一种能够在全局范围内动态确定车辆行驶路线的最优路径算法,以此规划行车路线,提高交通运营的质量和效率。
Automobile becomes more necessary in people’s life with the development of society. This makes problems of traffic and environment increasingly worse. The exploitation and application of ITS has an important effect on greatly alleviated and improved the trouble of city transportation system、promoted driving safety and improved the efficiency of road. Vehicle navigation system is an important part of the intelligent traffic system. VNS is composed of three parts-vehicle mobile terminals、wireless communication link and vehicle monitoring center. The application of Geographic Information Systems technology and Global Positioning System technology are important foundation of realizing Vehicle navigation system.
The paper analyzes the status of VNS’s development and research home and abroad first, and briefly describes the work principles of GPS and GIS. According to analyze the data format of GPS receiver, the paper studies the process of collection and processing of GPS data, and emphasizes on the ways of coordinate transformation. Compare and analyze the specific results by selecting the three and seven-parameter method to realize the coordinate transformation of WGS-84 coordinate system to BJ-54 coordinate.
The paper discusses the process of the electronic map made and designed, and realizes a simple function of the electronic map. With the example of partial regions of RIZHAO CITY, some functions have been verified, including zooming out、zooming in、roaming、measuring the distance and area of electronic map. The paper also focuses on the theory and the method of arithmetic of map matching. An algorithm of map matching based on the mode recognition is applied to the vehicle navigation system in order to revise the error of GPS. At the last part of the paper, propose a superior path algorithm, which can dynamic determine the path of vehicle in the overall range as planning the traffic routes to improve the quality and efficiency of the traffic.
论文首先分析了车载导航系统在国内外的开发研究现状,简要阐述了GPS及GIS的工作原理。通过分析GPS接收机的数据格式,研究了GPS数据的采集和处理过程,重点讨论了坐标转换的方法,对选用七参数法和三参数法进行WGS-84坐标到BJ-54坐标转换的具体结果进行比较分析。
论文探讨了车载电子地图的设计与制作过程,实现了简单的电子地图功能,并以日照市的部分地区为例,对电子地图的放大、缩小、漫游、距离和面积的量测等功能进行了验证。论文还重点研究了地图匹配算法的基本原理,基本方法,并应用了一种基于模式识别的地图匹配算法校正GPS定位误差。在论文的最后,提出一种能够在全局范围内动态确定车辆行驶路线的最优路径算法,以此规划行车路线,提高交通运营的质量和效率。
Automobile becomes more necessary in people’s life with the development of society. This makes problems of traffic and environment increasingly worse. The exploitation and application of ITS has an important effect on greatly alleviated and improved the trouble of city transportation system、promoted driving safety and improved the efficiency of road. Vehicle navigation system is an important part of the intelligent traffic system. VNS is composed of three parts-vehicle mobile terminals、wireless communication link and vehicle monitoring center. The application of Geographic Information Systems technology and Global Positioning System technology are important foundation of realizing Vehicle navigation system.
The paper analyzes the status of VNS’s development and research home and abroad first, and briefly describes the work principles of GPS and GIS. According to analyze the data format of GPS receiver, the paper studies the process of collection and processing of GPS data, and emphasizes on the ways of coordinate transformation. Compare and analyze the specific results by selecting the three and seven-parameter method to realize the coordinate transformation of WGS-84 coordinate system to BJ-54 coordinate.
The paper discusses the process of the electronic map made and designed, and realizes a simple function of the electronic map. With the example of partial regions of RIZHAO CITY, some functions have been verified, including zooming out、zooming in、roaming、measuring the distance and area of electronic map. The paper also focuses on the theory and the method of arithmetic of map matching. An algorithm of map matching based on the mode recognition is applied to the vehicle navigation system in order to revise the error of GPS. At the last part of the paper, propose a superior path algorithm, which can dynamic determine the path of vehicle in the overall range as planning the traffic routes to improve the quality and efficiency of the traffic.
引文
[1]杨佩昆.智能交通运输系统体系结构.上海:同济大学出版社,2001.1～2
[2]林朝飞.GPS与GIS在车载导航监控系统中的研究与应用:[学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2007
[3]章健,谭立华.GPS智能交通引导系统.导航,1998(9):31～37
[4]方继嗣.电子地图在车载导航系统中的应用:[学位论文].西安:西北工业学,2004
[5]宁津生,陈俊勇等.测绘学概论.武汉:武汉大学出版社,2004.152～154
[6]赵鹏祥,李卫忠.GIS与GPS导论.杨凌:西北农林科技大学出版社,2004.119～120
[7]胡友健,罗昀,曾云.全球定位系统(GPS)原理与应用.北京:中国地质大学出版社, 2003.35～50
[8]陈明杰.车载定位导航系统的设计与实现:[学位论文].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学, 2002
[9] Sehmisch A,ed. Integration of GPS and GIS in Vehicle Tracking Systems. GIS research in the UK, 2001 (4):598-599
[10] M.Elizabeth Cannon. High-Accuracy GPS Semikinematic Positioning: Modeling and Results. Journal of Institute of Navigation,1990,Vol.37,No.1:53～64
[11]童瑞华.GPS/AVL系统中关键技术的研究:[学位论文].长沙:国防科技大学,2002
[12] Rockwell Inc. Zodiac GPS Receiver Famliy Designer,s Guide Rockwell Semiconductor Systems,April,1998
[13]陈静,邱国廷等.用VC++实现计算机与GPS通信.四川测绘,2004,27 (2):62～63
[14]徐绍铨,张海华等.GPS测量原理及应用.武汉:武汉大学出版社,2008.16～25
[15]刘基余等.全球定位系统原理及其应用.北京:测绘出版社,1993.212～219
[16]王厚基,李汉杰.坐标变换与变换参数.导航,2003,39 (2):28～33
[17]林华等.同一地球椭球体上不同坐标系之间的坐标转换.火力与指挥控制,2002,27 (5):34～35
[18]刘大杰,施一民等.全球定位系统(GPS)的原理与数据处理.上海:同济大学出版社,1999. 176～180
[19]朱庄生,王庆,黄海华等.基于GPS/DR与GIS集成的城市车辆实时监控系统的设计与工程应用.公路交通科技,2003,20 (5):83～86
[20]刘煜.车载GPS/电子地图导航系统的研究:[学位论文].贵阳:贵州大学,2006
[21]吴建中.浅议电子地图的设计与表示内容.浙江测绘,2003 (l):1～2
[22]唐章英.GIS技术在车辆导航系统中的应用:[学位论文].成都:西南交通大学, 2003
[23]严红萍.基于GPS/GIS车载定位与导航系统相关技术的研究:[学位论文].南京:河海大学,2006
[24] Kim S, Kim J H. Adaptive fuzzy-network-based C-measure map-matching algorithm for car navigation system. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2001 (2):432～441
[25] White, Bernstein, Komhauser. Some map matching algorithms for personal navigation assistants. Transportation Research Part C 8, 2001, 91～108
[26]张振辉.车辆导航中地图匹配算法与应用研究:[学位论文].郑州:解放军信息工程大学,2006
[27]彭飞.智能车辆定位与导航系统研究:[学位论文].北京:北京航空航天大学,2000
[28]王楠.一个基于位置点匹配的地图匹配算法.东北大学学报,1999,20 (4):344～346
[29]王楠.汽车导航系统中车辆定位地图匹配算法的研究:[学位论文].沈阳:东北大学, 1997
[30] Joshi R. A new approach to map matching for in vehicle navigation systems. IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference Proceedings-Oakland,2001:25～29
[31]李弼程,邵美珍等.模式识别原理与应用.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2008. 1～5
[32]于东凯,刘玉树.基于平面图的最短路径算法的研究.北京理工大学学报,2003,21 (1):45～46
[33]陆锋,卢冬梅等.交通网络限制搜索区域时间最短路径算法.中国图形图象学报, 2003,4 (10):44～49
[34]张可.车辆导航系统关键技术的研究:[学位论文].北京:北京工业大学,2001
[35] Cherkassky, Goldberg. Shortest Paths Algorithms:Theory and Experimental Evaluation Technical Report 93～121,Computer Science Department, Stanford University,1993
[36]高扬等.多线程技术在车辆导航定位系统中的应用研究.计算机工程与设计,2002, 23 (5):48～51
[37] Stefan Edelkamp,Stefan Schrodl. Route Planning and map Inference with Global Positioning Traces. Computer Science in Perspective: Essays Dedicated to Thomas Ottmann, 2003,128～151
[38]张小国等.基于电子地图的路径最优算法研究.中国惯性技术学报,2001,9 (1):44～49
[39] Primary Author. GPS guided short range missile launching system. IEEE Position Location and Navigation Symposium, 2002, 172～178
[40] Saab, Kassas. Map-based land vehicle navigation system with DGPS. Intelligent Vehicle Symposium, 2003, 9～21
[2]林朝飞.GPS与GIS在车载导航监控系统中的研究与应用:[学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2007
[3]章健,谭立华.GPS智能交通引导系统.导航,1998(9):31～37
[4]方继嗣.电子地图在车载导航系统中的应用:[学位论文].西安:西北工业学,2004
[5]宁津生,陈俊勇等.测绘学概论.武汉:武汉大学出版社,2004.152～154
[6]赵鹏祥,李卫忠.GIS与GPS导论.杨凌:西北农林科技大学出版社,2004.119～120
[7]胡友健,罗昀,曾云.全球定位系统(GPS)原理与应用.北京:中国地质大学出版社, 2003.35～50
[8]陈明杰.车载定位导航系统的设计与实现:[学位论文].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学, 2002
[9] Sehmisch A,ed. Integration of GPS and GIS in Vehicle Tracking Systems. GIS research in the UK, 2001 (4):598-599
[10] M.Elizabeth Cannon. High-Accuracy GPS Semikinematic Positioning: Modeling and Results. Journal of Institute of Navigation,1990,Vol.37,No.1:53～64
[11]童瑞华.GPS/AVL系统中关键技术的研究:[学位论文].长沙:国防科技大学,2002
[12] Rockwell Inc. Zodiac GPS Receiver Famliy Designer,s Guide Rockwell Semiconductor Systems,April,1998
[13]陈静,邱国廷等.用VC++实现计算机与GPS通信.四川测绘,2004,27 (2):62～63
[14]徐绍铨,张海华等.GPS测量原理及应用.武汉:武汉大学出版社,2008.16～25
[15]刘基余等.全球定位系统原理及其应用.北京:测绘出版社,1993.212～219
[16]王厚基,李汉杰.坐标变换与变换参数.导航,2003,39 (2):28～33
[17]林华等.同一地球椭球体上不同坐标系之间的坐标转换.火力与指挥控制,2002,27 (5):34～35
[18]刘大杰,施一民等.全球定位系统(GPS)的原理与数据处理.上海:同济大学出版社,1999. 176～180
[19]朱庄生,王庆,黄海华等.基于GPS/DR与GIS集成的城市车辆实时监控系统的设计与工程应用.公路交通科技,2003,20 (5):83～86
[20]刘煜.车载GPS/电子地图导航系统的研究:[学位论文].贵阳:贵州大学,2006
[21]吴建中.浅议电子地图的设计与表示内容.浙江测绘,2003 (l):1～2
[22]唐章英.GIS技术在车辆导航系统中的应用:[学位论文].成都:西南交通大学, 2003
[23]严红萍.基于GPS/GIS车载定位与导航系统相关技术的研究:[学位论文].南京:河海大学,2006
[24] Kim S, Kim J H. Adaptive fuzzy-network-based C-measure map-matching algorithm for car navigation system. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2001 (2):432～441
[25] White, Bernstein, Komhauser. Some map matching algorithms for personal navigation assistants. Transportation Research Part C 8, 2001, 91～108
[26]张振辉.车辆导航中地图匹配算法与应用研究:[学位论文].郑州:解放军信息工程大学,2006
[27]彭飞.智能车辆定位与导航系统研究:[学位论文].北京:北京航空航天大学,2000
[28]王楠.一个基于位置点匹配的地图匹配算法.东北大学学报,1999,20 (4):344～346
[29]王楠.汽车导航系统中车辆定位地图匹配算法的研究:[学位论文].沈阳:东北大学, 1997
[30] Joshi R. A new approach to map matching for in vehicle navigation systems. IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference Proceedings-Oakland,2001:25～29
[31]李弼程,邵美珍等.模式识别原理与应用.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2008. 1～5
[32]于东凯,刘玉树.基于平面图的最短路径算法的研究.北京理工大学学报,2003,21 (1):45～46
[33]陆锋,卢冬梅等.交通网络限制搜索区域时间最短路径算法.中国图形图象学报, 2003,4 (10):44～49
[34]张可.车辆导航系统关键技术的研究:[学位论文].北京:北京工业大学,2001
[35] Cherkassky, Goldberg. Shortest Paths Algorithms:Theory and Experimental Evaluation Technical Report 93～121,Computer Science Department, Stanford University,1993
[36]高扬等.多线程技术在车辆导航定位系统中的应用研究.计算机工程与设计,2002, 23 (5):48～51
[37] Stefan Edelkamp,Stefan Schrodl. Route Planning and map Inference with Global Positioning Traces. Computer Science in Perspective: Essays Dedicated to Thomas Ottmann, 2003,128～151
[38]张小国等.基于电子地图的路径最优算法研究.中国惯性技术学报,2001,9 (1):44～49
[39] Primary Author. GPS guided short range missile launching system. IEEE Position Location and Navigation Symposium, 2002, 172～178
[40] Saab, Kassas. Map-based land vehicle navigation system with DGPS. Intelligent Vehicle Symposium, 2003, 9～21