用户名: 密码: 验证码:
地形表面重建算法研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
表面重建是GIS、逆向工程等领域的研究重点,也是地学领域的研究热点之一。地形表面重建有直接重建和间接重建两种。直接重建是指由地形数据,通过一定的数据结构和表面重建方法来表达研究区域的地形表面。间接重建是指某些格式的数据如STL数据在转换成TIN时,由于其拓扑关系的丢失而需要建立TIN的拓扑关系。
     本文讨论了当前基于TIN的地形表面重建的两个基本问题:剖分准则和拓扑重建。在TIN的剖分准则中,论文分析了当前主流剖分原则,指出了其不足,并针对这一点,论文提出了顾及高程信息的空间三角形剖分准则:标准差准则。在该准则下的TIN能较好地处理一些特殊地形。标准差准则在剖分时即使用了点的x,y,z坐标,通过计算选出的是空间上形状较好的三角形,即剖分结果三角形是空间上形状较好的,因此建立的TIN地形表面在空间上更符合实际地形表面,也更符合人们的思维逻辑。本文详细研究了标准差准则的含义、计算、描述、简化等,以及用新设计的标准差准则来重建地形表面。最后,通过一个具体的实例和算法的对比分析来说明标准差准则的优越性。
     在拓扑重建中,论文针对STL数据结构特点,通过Hash函数实现了STL数据结构的拓扑显式表达,提高了拓扑重建速度。将HASH函数的思想引入到拓扑关系重建中分别建立TIN的点拓扑和面拓扑关系,并通过实验证明该算法具有较高的效率和良好的发展前景。该算法主要将点坐标文件和用点号表示的三角形文件通过HASH函数来快速地表示TIN的显式拓扑关系,即生成无重复的点坐标文件和用点号表示的三角形文件,并找出具有公共边的相邻三角形,从而建立三角形的拓扑关系。
     论文对相应算法开发了原型验证系统,研究成果对3DGIS,计算机图形学,逆向工程等领域有一定的理论意义和应用价值。今后可对距离标准差准则的唯一性及Hash函数在GIS矢量拓扑结构中的应用方面展开进一步的研究。
Surface reconstruction has broad application prospects in geography information system CAD and converse project. There are two methods in terrain surface reconstruction, which are indirect and direct reconstruction. Direct reconstruction is that using some data structure and surface reconstruction method to express the whole terrain surface by terrain data. Indirect reconstruction is that consummate terrain surface, construct the topology relationship of TIN (Irregular Triangular Network) .
     This paper discusses two basic problems. There are triangulation rule and topology reconstructruction. In the TIN triangulation rule, we analysis the existing triangulation rule and then give a new triangulation algorithm which considering the elevation information. The algorithm is called standard deviation rule.
     This paper describes standard deviation rule which uses x, y and z coordinate in triangulation. So it chooses the good shape triangles in space after computing. The result of triangulation is triangles which having good shapes in space. The TIN terrain surface is more near to real terrain surface and thinking logic. We explain the standard deviation, how to compute and why use it. Then provide the algorithm steps based on it. Finally, through an example and comparison analyse of algorithms we show the advantages of standard deviation rule.
     In the topology reconstructruction, it takes the idea of hash function into topology relationship to reconstruct the point topology and surface topology. Then through an experiement, we validate the algorithm. First, use hash function to express the obvious topology relationship of TIN fastly from point coordinate file and triangle file. That is, create the exclusive point coordinate file and triangle file which showed by point number, and find out adjacent triangles which having same side, so we build the topology relationship of triangles.
     The paper designs programme of the algorithms, it has some theory value and application value to 3DGIS, computer graphics and converse project. We will have some research on the exclusion of standard deviation rule and the application of hash function in GIS vector topology structure.
引文
[1] 郑顺义,苏国中,张祖勋。三维点集的自动表面重构算法[J]。武汉大学学报.信息科学版,2005,30(2):154-157。
    [2] 孙国辉,包宏,靳风荣。三维物体表面重建算法分析法[J]。计算机应用研究,2004,4:253-255。
    [3] 高山,卢汉清。散乱点的快速曲面重建方法[J]。中国图象图形学报,2002,7(A):1329-1333。
    [4] 朱庆,李逢春,张叶廷。一种改进的三维点集表面重建的区域生长算法[J]。武汉大学学报.信息科学版,2006,31(8):667-670。
    [5] 谭仁春,杜清运,杨品福,张珊珊。地形建模中不规则三角网构建的优化算法研究[J]。武汉大学学报.信息科学版,2006,31(5):436-439。
    [6] 廖熠,赵荣椿。从明暗恢复形状(SFS)的几类典型算法分析与评价[J]。中国图象图形学报,2001,6(10):953-961。
    [7] 纪凤欣,欧宗瑛,秦绪佳。基于Delaunay三角剖分的层析图像离散数据表面重建算法[J]。工程图学学报,2001,2:53-58。
    [8] 黄培之。基于等高线特性的三维表面重建方法的研究[J]。武汉大学学报.信息科学版,2005,30(8):668-672。
    [9] 甘春泉,康戈文,任文伟。基于神经网络的三维重建[J]。福建电脑,2005,5:25-26。
    [10] 徐苏维,盛业华,王永波,白世彪,刘平。一种基于顶点曲率的三维实体表面模型加密算法[J]。南京师范大学学报(工程技术版),2005,5(3):90-94。
    [11] 闵卫东,唐泽圣。二维任意域内点集的Delaunay三角剖分的研究[J]。计算机学报,1995,18(5):357-364。
    [12] 闵卫东,唐泽圣。二维任意域内点集的Delaunay三角剖分生成算法[J]。计算机学报,1995,18(5):365-371。
    [13] 胡金星,潘懋,马照亭,吴焕萍。高效构建Delaunay三角网数字地形模型 算法研究[J]。北京大学学报(自然科学版),20003,39(5):736-741。
    [14] 张典华,蔡勇,龙伟。散乱数据点集的三角划分算法研究[J]。计算机工程与设计,2005,26(8):2048-2050。
    [15] 王青,王融清,鲍虎军,彭群生。散乱数据点的增量快速曲面重建算法[J]。软件学报,2000,11(9):1221-1227。
    [16] 梁荣华,陈纯,潘志庚,张慧。一种面向三维点集的快速表面重构算法[J]。中国图象图形学报,2003,8(A):63-67。
    [17] 谭建荣,李立新。基于曲面局平特性的散乱点数据拓扑重建算法[J]。软件学报,2002,13(11):2121-2126。
    [18] 严京旗,施鹏飞。基于无组织结构数据集的三维表面重建算法[J]。计算机学报,2001,24(10):1051-1056。
    [19] 崔汉国,胡瑞安,金端峰,杨叔子。三维点集Delaunay三角剖分的自动生成与修改算法[J]。工程图学学报,1995,2:1-7。
    [20] 崔汉国,胡瑞安,金端峰,杨叔子。三维任意区域中点集的三角剖分算法[J]。计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,1995,7(2):103-108。
    [21] 陆济湘,李德华,卢凌。一种通用的三维散乱数据点图形重建算法[J]。交通与计算机,2004,22(3):34-36。
    [22] 周赫赫,颜永年,单忠德,梁剑江。反求工程中的三维表面重建技术[J]。铸造技术,2001,5:13-15。
    [24] 王正山,吕理伟,顾耀林,赵超尘。基于改进MC算法的三维表面重建[J]。微电子学与计算机,2005,22(9):3-6。
    [23] 潘胜玲,刘学军,黄雄,唐秀娟。基于Hash函数的TIN拓扑关系重建[J]。地理与地理信息科学,2006,22(2):21-24。
    [24] 孙敏,薛勇,马蔼乃,毛善君。基于四面体格网的3维复杂地质体重构[J]。测绘学报,2002,31(4):361-365。
    [25] 俞建威,沈军,卢百平,曹海峰,刘林,傅恒志。一种新的六面体有限元网格算法[J]。计算机工程与设计,2003,24(9):22-25。
    [26] 毛善君,马洪兵。自动构建复杂地质体数字高程模型的方法研究[J]。测绘学报,1999,28(1):57-61。
    [27] 刘学军,符锌砂.三角网数字地面模型的理论、方法现状及发展[J].长沙交通学院学报,2001,17(2):24-31.
    [28] 赵歆波,张定华,熊光彩,等.基于散列的STL拓扑信息重建方法[J].机械科学与技术,2002,21(5):827-832.
    [29] 王勇,潘懋.一种基于散列函数的三角面片拓扑快速建立算法[J].计算机工程与应用,2001(17):15-16.
    [30] 刘金义,侯宝明.STL格式实体的快速拓扑重建[J].工程图学学报,2003,4:34-39。
    [31] 严蔚敏,吴伟民.数据结构(C语言版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1996.44-54.
    [32] 罗永龙,黄刘生.散列表中双重hash函数的设计与分析[J].计算机工程与应用,2002(12):59-60.
    [33] 罗永龙,章昭晖.双重hash函数的构造及查找性能分析[J].安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003,26(1):18-21.
    [34] 刘学军,符锌砂,赵建三.三角网数字地面模型快速构建算法研究[J].中国公路学报,2000,13(2):31-36。
    [35] 汤国安,刘学军,闾国年。数字高程模型及地学分析的原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.103-133.
    [36] 汤国安,杨昕.ArcGIS地理信息系统空间分析实验教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.308-360.
    [37] 余锦华,石北源,杨维权.概率论与数理统计[M].广州:中山大学出版社,2000.24-33.
    [38] 蒋春燕,王国良.由散乱点重建三角网格曲面方法的分类和评价[J].北京工业大学学报,2002,28(1):91-96.
    [39] 周培德,卢开澄.计算几何[M].2000,清华大学出版社.
    [40] 尤承业.基础拓扑学讲义[M].北京大学出版社.
    [41] 姜寿山,杨海成,侯增选.用空间形状优化标准完成散乱数据的三角剖分[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,1995,7(4):241-249.
    [42] 黄学梅,王平江,陈吉红,张新访,周济.三维散乱数据三角网格逼近的 一种算法[J].计算机工程与设计,1998,19(2):9-15.
    [43] 高曙明,彭群生.一种通用的Trimmed曲面三角化算法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,1992,4(4):9-15.
    [44] 周晓云,何大曾,朱心雄.实现平面上散乱点三角剖分的算法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,1994,6(4):256-259.
    [45] 梅中义,范玉青,胡世光.NURBS曲面的有限元网格三角剖分[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,1997,9(4):289-294.
    [46] 卢朝阳,吴成柯。任意多边形内带特征约束的散列数据的最优三角剖分[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,1997,9(4):302-308.
    [47] George Shepherd,Visual C++.NET技术内幕(第六版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.243-271.
    [48] Tsai V J D. 1993. Delaunay triangulations in TIN creation: an overview and a lineartime algorithm. Int J ofGIS, 7 (6): 501-524.
    [49] Lawson C L. Software for C~1 Surface Interpolation[J]. Mathematical Sofeware, J. Rice,Ed. Academic Press, New York, 1977. 161-194.
    [50] Knuth D. The Art of Computer Programming[M]. Sorting and Searching, 2nd Edition. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1998 (3) : 736-750.
    [51] Jan H, Martin K, Vaclav S. Hash functions and triangular mesh reconstruction[J]. Computers & Geosciences, 2003 (29) : 741-751.
    [52] Foley T A, Hagen H, Nielson G M. Visualizing and modeling unstructured data.. The Visual Computer International Journal of Computer Graphics, 1993, 9 (8): 439-449.
    [53] Hoppe H, DeRose T, DuchampT et al. Surface reconstruction from unorganized points. In: Cunningham S edo Proceedings of the SIGGRAPH'92. Danbers: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 19920 71-78.
    [54] H, Hoppe, T. DeRose, T. Duchamp, M. Halstead, H. Jin, J.McDonald, J. Schweitzer, and W. Stuetzle. Piecewise smooth surface reconstruction. Computer Graphics(SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings), pages 295-302, July 1994.
    [55] H. Hoppeo Surface Reconsturction from Unorganized Points.Ph.D. Thesis, Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, 1994.
    [56] Pratt V. Direct least-squares fitting of algebraic sruface. In: Stone M C ed. Proceedings of the SIGGRAPH'87. Danbers: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1987. 145-152.
    [57] Lowson C L. Generation of a triangular grid with application to contour plotting. California Institute of Technology Jet Propulsion Laboratory , Technical Memorandum 299, 1972 .
    [58]Hoppe H, DeRose T, DuchampT et al. Mesh optimization. In: Cunningham S ed. Proceedings of the SIGGRAPH'93. Danbers: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1993.
    [59] Sibson R. Locally equiangular triangulations. The Computer Journal, 1978, 21 (3): 243-245.
    [60] Green P J, Sibson R.Computing dirichlet tessellations in the plane. The Computer Journal, 1978, 21 (2): 168-173.
    [61] Bowyer A. Computing dirichlet tessellations. The Computer Journal, 1981, 24 (2): 162-166.
    [62] Watson D F.Computing the n-dimensional Delaunay tessellation with application to Vornonoi polytopes. The Computer Journal, 1981, 24 (2): 167-172.
    [63]DeyTK, SugiharaK, Bajaj C L. Delaunay triangulations in three dimensions with finite precision arithmetic. Computer Aided Geometric Design, 1992, 9 (5): 457-470.
    [64] Amenta N, Bern M, Kamvysselis M. A new voronoi-based surface reconstruction algorithm[A]. In: Cohen Medc Proceedings of the SIGGRAPH'98, Danbers: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1992. 415-421.
    [65] Hoff K E, Culver T, Keyser J et ah Fast computation of generalized voronoi diagrams using graphics hardware. In: Rockwood A edo Proceedings of the SIGGRAPH'99, Danbers: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1992. 277-286.
    [66] Boissonnat J-D. Geometric structures for three-dimensional shape representation. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 1984, 3 (4): 266-286.
    [67] Edelsbrunner H, Mucke E P. Three-Dimensional alpha shapes. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 1994, 13 (1): 43-72.
    [68] Bajaj C L, Bernardini F, Xu G. Automatic reconstruction of surface and scalar fields from 3D scans. In: Cook R edo Proceedings of the SIGGRAPH'95, Danbers: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1995. 109-118.
    [69] Sloan SW. A fast algorithm for constructing Delaunay triangulations in the plane. Advances in Engineering Sortware, 1987, 9(1): 34-55.
    [70] Hoppe H. Surface reconstruction from unorganized points[D]. Washington: Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington. 1994.
    [71] Amenta N, Bern M, Eppstein D. The crust and the β-skeleton: Combinatorial curve reconstruction[J]. Graphical Models and Image Processing, 1998, 60 (2): 125-135.
    [72] Amenta N, Bern M. Surface reconstruction by voronoi filtering[J]. Discrete and Computational Geometry, 1999, 22 (4): 481-504.
    [73] Guo B. Surface reconstruction from points to spline[J]. Computer Aided Design, 1997, 29.(4): 269-277.
    [74] Chen X. Surface modeling of range data by constrained triangulation[J]. Computer Aided Design, 1994, 26 (3): 632-645.
    [75] Gu P, Yan X. Neural network approach to there construction of free from surfaces for reverse engineering[J]. Computer Aided Design, 1995, 27 (1): 59-64.
    [76] Ruprecht D, Nagel R, RMuller H. Spatial free-from deformation with scattered data interpolation methods[J]. Computer and Graphics, 1995, 19(1): 63-71.
    [77] Witkin A, Wiwelch W. Fastanimation and control of nonrigidstructures[J]. Computer and Graphics, 1990, 24 (4): 243-252.
    [78] Hamann B. Curvature approximation for triangulated surfaces[J]. Computer Supple, 1993, 13 (8): 139-153 .
    [79] Davis P T. Interpolation and Approximation[M]. New York: Dover Publications, 1975.
    [80] Hamann Bernd. A data reduction scheme for triangulated surfaces[J]. Computer Aided Geometric Design, 1994, 11 (3): 197-214.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700