压力分散型锚索加固边坡效应研究
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摘要
论文依托国家自然科学基金(50874085)“边坡加固的压力分散型锚索的加固机理与设计方法”和广东省科技计划项目(63123),以广贺高速公路建设工程为工程背景,通过室内模型试验和数值模拟方法系统研究了压力(分散)型锚索加固边坡的锚固效应。
(1)简要介绍了相似原理、有限元强度折减法、极限平衡条分法以及离心机试验原理等相关基础理论。
(2)在相关文献查阅基础上,受离心机模型试验原理和有限元强度折减法的启示,结合前期试验的经验,提出了模型试验思路。针对岩土工程多功能试验装置进行复杂边坡稳定性评价模型试验,创造性地提出了边坡内采用埋置钢管+配重的试验方案。针对提出的方案,应用FLAC软件分析研究了无钢管、边坡内部加设钢管且钢管与岩体边坡介质间粘聚力较小和粘聚力较大三种情况下钢管对边坡稳定性影响的变化规律。通过对计算结果的应力、位移以及边坡安全系数、剪切应变增量及塑性破坏区云图的对比分析,得出加钢管的方法会对边坡体的稳定性造成一定程度的影响,但是当钢管与介质材料之间界面c、ψ足够小时,这种影响作用可以忽略不计。验证了提出试验方案的可行性和合理性,并建议在室内模型中对钢管进行相应处理。
(3)采用室内模型试验方法研究了压力(分散)型锚索的加固效应。以广贺高速公路第6标段K24+583～K24+810右侧的路堑高边坡为试验原型,设计制作了模型。试验中采用对Ⅰ~#模型(无锚边坡)、Ⅱ~#模型(锚固边坡)增加配重的方式使其发生破坏,通过分析边坡的变形情况、锚索预应力的变化规律以及锚索轴力的分布情况,研究了边坡的位移形态、压力(分散)型锚索的锚固效应,以及压力(分散)型锚索力的传递机理,并且基于相似原理、强度折减法以及极限平衡条分法推导了求解边坡的安全系数方法。在传统理论基础上提出一种计算安全系数的新方法,计算求得原型无锚边坡和群锚加固后边坡的安全系数,分别为1.073和1.444,满足边坡稳定性设计要求。
(4)针对模型试验的模型,采用FLAC~(3D)对试验内容进行数值模拟计算。对无锚边坡和加固后边坡的稳定性以及压力(分散)型锚索的锚固效应进行了分析研究,研究结果显示：增加自重边坡发生了滑移,加固后边坡的安全系数大大提高,由无锚边坡的1.07提高到了锚固后的1.47,数值计算结果基本与模型试验相符合,更全面清晰的了解了锚索的加固效果,也进一步验证了试验方案的可行性。
(5)在模型试验中通过旋转边坡降低了边坡的稳定性,加载使其失稳破坏,通过数值模拟,研究了边坡旋转和加载过程对边坡滑移面以及安全系数的影响。
(6)依据广贺高速公路第6标段K24+583-K24+810右侧的路堑高边坡现场设计资料,作为室内模型试验的补充,采用数值模拟方法研究了边坡边开挖边锚固过程对边坡稳定性的影响,从边坡岩土体的受力特点、边坡的稳定性以及各工况压力分散型锚索的加固效应等方面进行了相关分析。研究结果显示：无锚边坡开挖后,安全系数为1.06,不满足工程设计要求,加固后边坡稳定性明显增加,为1.49,完全满足边坡稳定性设计要求。
Depended on the National Science Foundation of China (50874085) with title of "anchor reinforcement mechanism and design method of pressure diffusion cable in slope reinforcement" and the Guangdong Provincial Science and technology plan project (63123), the stress features and anchoring role of the pressure diffusion cable is studied by means of indoor model experiment and numerical simulation as engineering background of Guanghe highway construction projects in this paper. The main contents of the research are as follows:
①The general concept of similarity principle, finite-element strength reduction, limit equilibrium slice and centrifuge modeling test methods are briefly introduced.
②By the principle of centrifuge model tests and finite element strength reduction, as well as pre-trial experience, the test program was proposed in this paper. Multi-function testing equipment for the geotechnical engineering is used to evaluate slope stability model for complex slope. The test program which the buried pipe and added loading in the slope was creatively put forward. In response to the program, FLAC was used to analyze the variation of slope stability of 3 cases as the non-steel pipe, within steel pipe, smaller or greater cohesion force between the rock slope and the media. Through the comparative analysis of slope's stress, displacement and safety factor, shear strain increment and the velocity vector, the results showed that the intensity variation of slope would be changed when the slope was placed by steel pipes. However, this influence was negligible when the shear strength indicators c、φbetween the steel and the media material is enough to small. The model test was recommended to reduce the shear strength indicators c.φ, which could verify feasibility and rationality of the test program.
③Indoor model test was used to research the reinforcement effect of slope enforced by the distributed pressure-type unbonded pretressed anchorage cable. As Guanghe Highway of the No.6 Section from K24+583 to K24+810 of the right slope is the experimental prototype. The test model was designed based on the similar principles; In this experiment component ofⅠ~#model (non-reinforced slope),Ⅱ~# model (after anchoring slope), the slopes are increased weight to slide. The slope's deformation, the pre-stressed anchor's change and prestressed anchor the distribution of axial force were analyzed. And the destructive state of the slope and the pressure of the anchoring effect of dispersed, as well as pressure dispersed anchor force transfer mechanism were learned. Besides, a new method for calculating the safety factors was used based on similar principles, strength reduction, and limit equilibrium method of sub-solving the slope of the safety factor. The calculation results showed that the safety factor of the prototype non-anchor slope was 1.073 and the safety factor of the prototype anchor slop was 1.444, which meet the slope stability design requirements.
④Using FLAC3D, numerical simulation was acceptd to analyzed the research content of the model test. The slope's stability with no reinforcement and the reinforced slope's stability, and the anchoring effect of the pressure diffusion cable are learned. The results showed that:increasing the slope weight can make the slope sliding occurred and the slope whose safety factor would be greatly improved from 1.07 to 1.47. The numerical calculation results are similar with the model test results to master the reinforcing effect of the anchor, which could forward to verify rationality of the test program.
⑤The slope's stability was reduced by rotating the slope model in the model experiment, while, slope could be slided by increase loading. The slope's rotation and the loading process were studied for the slip surface and safety coefficien by numerical simulation.
⑥According to the design data of right side high slope-site at No.6 tenders(K24+583-K24+810) in Guanghe highway, as a complement of indoor model experiment, numerical simulation is used to study he impact of failure on the slope stability during excavation while anchoring. And the stress feature, slope stability, and dispersed anchor reinforcement effect of working conditions are analyzed in this paper. The results showed that:the slope's safety factor with no anchor is 1.06, which can not meet the requirement of engineering design. So the reinforced slope stability increased significantly and the safety factor was 1.49, which all meet the slope stability design requirements.
(1)简要介绍了相似原理、有限元强度折减法、极限平衡条分法以及离心机试验原理等相关基础理论。
(2)在相关文献查阅基础上,受离心机模型试验原理和有限元强度折减法的启示,结合前期试验的经验,提出了模型试验思路。针对岩土工程多功能试验装置进行复杂边坡稳定性评价模型试验,创造性地提出了边坡内采用埋置钢管+配重的试验方案。针对提出的方案,应用FLAC软件分析研究了无钢管、边坡内部加设钢管且钢管与岩体边坡介质间粘聚力较小和粘聚力较大三种情况下钢管对边坡稳定性影响的变化规律。通过对计算结果的应力、位移以及边坡安全系数、剪切应变增量及塑性破坏区云图的对比分析,得出加钢管的方法会对边坡体的稳定性造成一定程度的影响,但是当钢管与介质材料之间界面c、ψ足够小时,这种影响作用可以忽略不计。验证了提出试验方案的可行性和合理性,并建议在室内模型中对钢管进行相应处理。
(3)采用室内模型试验方法研究了压力(分散)型锚索的加固效应。以广贺高速公路第6标段K24+583～K24+810右侧的路堑高边坡为试验原型,设计制作了模型。试验中采用对Ⅰ~#模型(无锚边坡)、Ⅱ~#模型(锚固边坡)增加配重的方式使其发生破坏,通过分析边坡的变形情况、锚索预应力的变化规律以及锚索轴力的分布情况,研究了边坡的位移形态、压力(分散)型锚索的锚固效应,以及压力(分散)型锚索力的传递机理,并且基于相似原理、强度折减法以及极限平衡条分法推导了求解边坡的安全系数方法。在传统理论基础上提出一种计算安全系数的新方法,计算求得原型无锚边坡和群锚加固后边坡的安全系数,分别为1.073和1.444,满足边坡稳定性设计要求。
(4)针对模型试验的模型,采用FLAC~(3D)对试验内容进行数值模拟计算。对无锚边坡和加固后边坡的稳定性以及压力(分散)型锚索的锚固效应进行了分析研究,研究结果显示：增加自重边坡发生了滑移,加固后边坡的安全系数大大提高,由无锚边坡的1.07提高到了锚固后的1.47,数值计算结果基本与模型试验相符合,更全面清晰的了解了锚索的加固效果,也进一步验证了试验方案的可行性。
(5)在模型试验中通过旋转边坡降低了边坡的稳定性,加载使其失稳破坏,通过数值模拟,研究了边坡旋转和加载过程对边坡滑移面以及安全系数的影响。
(6)依据广贺高速公路第6标段K24+583-K24+810右侧的路堑高边坡现场设计资料,作为室内模型试验的补充,采用数值模拟方法研究了边坡边开挖边锚固过程对边坡稳定性的影响,从边坡岩土体的受力特点、边坡的稳定性以及各工况压力分散型锚索的加固效应等方面进行了相关分析。研究结果显示：无锚边坡开挖后,安全系数为1.06,不满足工程设计要求,加固后边坡稳定性明显增加,为1.49,完全满足边坡稳定性设计要求。
Depended on the National Science Foundation of China (50874085) with title of "anchor reinforcement mechanism and design method of pressure diffusion cable in slope reinforcement" and the Guangdong Provincial Science and technology plan project (63123), the stress features and anchoring role of the pressure diffusion cable is studied by means of indoor model experiment and numerical simulation as engineering background of Guanghe highway construction projects in this paper. The main contents of the research are as follows:
①The general concept of similarity principle, finite-element strength reduction, limit equilibrium slice and centrifuge modeling test methods are briefly introduced.
②By the principle of centrifuge model tests and finite element strength reduction, as well as pre-trial experience, the test program was proposed in this paper. Multi-function testing equipment for the geotechnical engineering is used to evaluate slope stability model for complex slope. The test program which the buried pipe and added loading in the slope was creatively put forward. In response to the program, FLAC was used to analyze the variation of slope stability of 3 cases as the non-steel pipe, within steel pipe, smaller or greater cohesion force between the rock slope and the media. Through the comparative analysis of slope's stress, displacement and safety factor, shear strain increment and the velocity vector, the results showed that the intensity variation of slope would be changed when the slope was placed by steel pipes. However, this influence was negligible when the shear strength indicators c、φbetween the steel and the media material is enough to small. The model test was recommended to reduce the shear strength indicators c.φ, which could verify feasibility and rationality of the test program.
③Indoor model test was used to research the reinforcement effect of slope enforced by the distributed pressure-type unbonded pretressed anchorage cable. As Guanghe Highway of the No.6 Section from K24+583 to K24+810 of the right slope is the experimental prototype. The test model was designed based on the similar principles; In this experiment component ofⅠ~#model (non-reinforced slope),Ⅱ~# model (after anchoring slope), the slopes are increased weight to slide. The slope's deformation, the pre-stressed anchor's change and prestressed anchor the distribution of axial force were analyzed. And the destructive state of the slope and the pressure of the anchoring effect of dispersed, as well as pressure dispersed anchor force transfer mechanism were learned. Besides, a new method for calculating the safety factors was used based on similar principles, strength reduction, and limit equilibrium method of sub-solving the slope of the safety factor. The calculation results showed that the safety factor of the prototype non-anchor slope was 1.073 and the safety factor of the prototype anchor slop was 1.444, which meet the slope stability design requirements.
④Using FLAC3D, numerical simulation was acceptd to analyzed the research content of the model test. The slope's stability with no reinforcement and the reinforced slope's stability, and the anchoring effect of the pressure diffusion cable are learned. The results showed that:increasing the slope weight can make the slope sliding occurred and the slope whose safety factor would be greatly improved from 1.07 to 1.47. The numerical calculation results are similar with the model test results to master the reinforcing effect of the anchor, which could forward to verify rationality of the test program.
⑤The slope's stability was reduced by rotating the slope model in the model experiment, while, slope could be slided by increase loading. The slope's rotation and the loading process were studied for the slip surface and safety coefficien by numerical simulation.
⑥According to the design data of right side high slope-site at No.6 tenders(K24+583-K24+810) in Guanghe highway, as a complement of indoor model experiment, numerical simulation is used to study he impact of failure on the slope stability during excavation while anchoring. And the stress feature, slope stability, and dispersed anchor reinforcement effect of working conditions are analyzed in this paper. The results showed that:the slope's safety factor with no anchor is 1.06, which can not meet the requirement of engineering design. So the reinforced slope stability increased significantly and the safety factor was 1.49, which all meet the slope stability design requirements.
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