中国电力与电煤市场协同机制研究
|
摘要
电煤是煤电供应链的上游,电力与电煤市场运行的状况密切相关。在我国电力与电煤矛盾突出的背景下,本文希望在认真贯彻落实国家有关能源政策,坚持科学发展观基础上,从电力与电煤市场协同发展的角度,研究探索实现电力与电煤市场协同的新途径、新方法。本文主要就中国电力与电煤市场的三个关键协同关系及其监管进行深入的研究,包括：(1)中国电力与电煤市场价格协同；(2)中国电力与电煤市场交易协同；(3)中国电力与电煤市场风险协同；(4)中国电力与电煤市场监管。根据我国电力与电煤市场发展现状,构建了价格协同、交易协同、风险协同的电力与电煤市场协同机制,建立了电力与电煤市场监管架构及模型。通过算例和仿真,验证了本文提出的电力与电煤市场协同机制和市场监管模型的有效性。这对我国有序开展电力与电煤市场交易,完善电力与电煤市场建设具有重要意义。
论文在归纳和分析国内外理论研究和实践成果的基础上,将协同理论运用于电力与电煤市场中,统筹考虑解决电力与电煤市场协同发展的思路和方法,取得了以下四个创新性成果：
(1)针对电力与电煤市场过渡期构建了一种价格协同机制与方法——考虑市场行为与CPI的电力与电煤价格修正模型与方法。根据市场供需关系允许电煤价格合理的波动,电煤价格的波动及时反映在上网电价上,并通过终端售电价格的修正疏导出去。以3%和5%作为终端电价的修正路径选择的依据,当预测CPI大于3%时,煤价的波动造成电力成本的变化,可以通过只对出口制造企业的终端售电价格联动疏导,通过产品出口将通胀适当输出,缓解国内通胀压力；当CPI大于5%且电煤价格涨幅超过15%时,政府监管机构或价格主管部门应启动电煤价格临时干预,遏制电煤价格进一步上涨。
(2)针对体系完备的市场提出了电力与电煤市场交易协同机制——体系完备的电力与电煤市场通过现货市场交易、远期市场交易和期货市场交易之间的协同作用形成具有权威性的市场价格。根据电力与电煤交易的特点,设计了电煤期货合约,提出电煤期货交割数据中心及其定位,并分别建立电煤期货市场的集合竞价交易模型、连续竞价交易模型和做市商交易模型,为设计合理的电煤期货市场,健全电煤市场体系,发挥电力与电煤市场现货市场、远期市场和期货市场交易的协同作用提供理论参考。
(3)针对市场风险的动力问题,运用协同理论的协同效用、伺服原理和自组织动力学模型,分析了电力与电煤市场风险协同管理的动力机理,建立了中国电力与电煤市场风险协同模型；提出了储市商的概念,通过储市商的市场调节作用,实现适度市场化的电力与电煤市场协同,平稳市场价格和抑制市场风险。这为我国电力与电煤市场风险管理和市场调节开启了新思路。
(4)以当前煤炭大省资源整合为背景,指出我国电力与电煤市场监管的必要性,建立了我国电力与电煤市场监管架构,提出了适合于我国电力与电煤市场的价格、交易及风险监管模式与方法。结合过渡期价格协同机制,提出了储市商进行市场调节下的价格监管方法,并进行了仿真；煤炭资源整合容易形成合谋联盟,就市场交易行为对交易价格的影响进行分析,进而探讨我国电煤市场交易监管模型,为我国电力与电煤市场提供更直接和有效的市场监管措施；根据我国电力与电煤市场特点,提出了建立三级风险监管模式(政府监管机构、交易中心和行业协会)的建议,并从整个电力与电煤供应链和产业链的角度,提出了中国电力与电煤市场监管的建设性建议。
Thermal-coal is the upstream of coal power supply chain,and power is closely related with thermal-coal market operating conditions. With the background of the obvious conflict between power and thermal-coal industry in China, this paper aims to study ways to realize synergy mechanism of power market and thermal-coal market of China from the perspective of cooperative development of power and thermal-coal market, which conscientiously implemented the relevant national energy policy and adhered to scientific development view. This paper mainly studies three key synergy relationships and market regulation of power market and thermal-coal market, including:(1) The price synergy between power market and thermal-coal market in China; (2) The trading synergy between power market and thermal-coal market in China; (3) The risk synergy between power market and thermal-coal market in China; (4) The market supervision of power market and thermal-coal market in China. According to China's development conditions of power market and thermal-coal market, this paper researches and builds power market and thermal-coal market synergy mechanism of China including price synergy, transactions synergy and risk synergy, and propose market regulatory framework and model. And example and simulation results show the effectiveness of power market and thermal-coal market synergy mechanism and market regulation model proposed in the paper. These achievements presented in this paper are important for us to conduct power and thermal-coal trading orderly and improve the construction of power market and thermal-coal markets.
Based on the summary and analysis of the theory studies and the practice at home and abroad, the paper applies synergy theory in power market and thermal-coal market, and considers coordination development methods of power market and thermal-coal market. This paper concludes with four innovation achievements as follows:
(1)The paper presents a collaborative approach for power market and thermal-coal market in the transitional period -thermal-coal and power price modified model and method considering the market behavior and CPI. Based on supply and demand relation, it allows thermal-coal price has reasonable fluctuations and the fluctuations timely reflected in power tariff, and conducted through the correction of terminal sale electricity price conduction. We choose 3% and 5% as the terminal electricity price modify route. When forecasting CPI is greater than 3%, power cost change caused by the coal price fluctuations should be conducted only through the terminal sale electricity price linkage of export-oriented manufacturing enterprise and alleviate domestic inflation pressure through exporting products. When CPI is greater than 5% and thermal-coal prices rose more than 15%, the government regulators and the price management department should apply temporary price-intervention policy in order to contain thermal-coal prices rise further more.
(2) The paper presents transaction collaborative mechanism for the mature power market and thermal-coal market-setting the authoritative price through the cooperation of the spot market trading, forward market trading and futures market trading under complete systems of power market and thermal-coal market. According to trading characteristics of power and thermal-coal, the paper designs thermal-coal futures contract and presents delivery data center of thermal-coal future, and then establishes thermal-coal futures trading model, including auction trading model, continuous auction trading model, market maker trading model. This is of theory value for designing reasonable thermal-coal market and improving thermal-coal market system and playing a role of synergistic action of spot market, forward market and futures market trading in power market and thermal-coal market.
(3) About the driving force of the the market, this paper shows a mechanism analysis of the power market and thermal-coal market applying synergistic action, servo principle and self-organization dynamics model of synergy theory, establishes the risk synergy model of power and thermal-coal market and brings forward the concept of "reserve merchant". According to the regulating role of the "reserve merchant", we can ease the market price and contain the market risk. Hence we gave a new idea for power and thermal-coal market risk management in our country.
(4) Taking coal resource integration as the background, the paper establishes the market supervision structure, and then points out the necessity of Chinese power market and thermal-coal market supervision and put forward thermal-coal market supervision model, and then put forward the suitable model,,setting price, transaction and risk supervision for power and thermal-coal market. Integrating price synergy mechanism during market transition, the paper presents a new kind of price supervision method and simulating under the regulating role of the "reserve merchant". The coal resources integration easy to form conspiring alliance, this paper analyzed the results that market trading behavior influence transaction price, and then discusses our country thermal-coal market supervision model in order toprovide power market and thermal-coal market more direct and effective market supervision measures. Based on structure and characteristics of power and thermal-coal market, three level risk control mode is proposed:the government regulators, trading center and industry association. And from the angle of the entire thermal-coal supply chain and industry chain, we proposed the constructive suggestion of market supervision for power market and thermal-coal market.
论文在归纳和分析国内外理论研究和实践成果的基础上,将协同理论运用于电力与电煤市场中,统筹考虑解决电力与电煤市场协同发展的思路和方法,取得了以下四个创新性成果：
(1)针对电力与电煤市场过渡期构建了一种价格协同机制与方法——考虑市场行为与CPI的电力与电煤价格修正模型与方法。根据市场供需关系允许电煤价格合理的波动,电煤价格的波动及时反映在上网电价上,并通过终端售电价格的修正疏导出去。以3%和5%作为终端电价的修正路径选择的依据,当预测CPI大于3%时,煤价的波动造成电力成本的变化,可以通过只对出口制造企业的终端售电价格联动疏导,通过产品出口将通胀适当输出,缓解国内通胀压力；当CPI大于5%且电煤价格涨幅超过15%时,政府监管机构或价格主管部门应启动电煤价格临时干预,遏制电煤价格进一步上涨。
(2)针对体系完备的市场提出了电力与电煤市场交易协同机制——体系完备的电力与电煤市场通过现货市场交易、远期市场交易和期货市场交易之间的协同作用形成具有权威性的市场价格。根据电力与电煤交易的特点,设计了电煤期货合约,提出电煤期货交割数据中心及其定位,并分别建立电煤期货市场的集合竞价交易模型、连续竞价交易模型和做市商交易模型,为设计合理的电煤期货市场,健全电煤市场体系,发挥电力与电煤市场现货市场、远期市场和期货市场交易的协同作用提供理论参考。
(3)针对市场风险的动力问题,运用协同理论的协同效用、伺服原理和自组织动力学模型,分析了电力与电煤市场风险协同管理的动力机理,建立了中国电力与电煤市场风险协同模型；提出了储市商的概念,通过储市商的市场调节作用,实现适度市场化的电力与电煤市场协同,平稳市场价格和抑制市场风险。这为我国电力与电煤市场风险管理和市场调节开启了新思路。
(4)以当前煤炭大省资源整合为背景,指出我国电力与电煤市场监管的必要性,建立了我国电力与电煤市场监管架构,提出了适合于我国电力与电煤市场的价格、交易及风险监管模式与方法。结合过渡期价格协同机制,提出了储市商进行市场调节下的价格监管方法,并进行了仿真；煤炭资源整合容易形成合谋联盟,就市场交易行为对交易价格的影响进行分析,进而探讨我国电煤市场交易监管模型,为我国电力与电煤市场提供更直接和有效的市场监管措施；根据我国电力与电煤市场特点,提出了建立三级风险监管模式(政府监管机构、交易中心和行业协会)的建议,并从整个电力与电煤供应链和产业链的角度,提出了中国电力与电煤市场监管的建设性建议。
Thermal-coal is the upstream of coal power supply chain,and power is closely related with thermal-coal market operating conditions. With the background of the obvious conflict between power and thermal-coal industry in China, this paper aims to study ways to realize synergy mechanism of power market and thermal-coal market of China from the perspective of cooperative development of power and thermal-coal market, which conscientiously implemented the relevant national energy policy and adhered to scientific development view. This paper mainly studies three key synergy relationships and market regulation of power market and thermal-coal market, including:(1) The price synergy between power market and thermal-coal market in China; (2) The trading synergy between power market and thermal-coal market in China; (3) The risk synergy between power market and thermal-coal market in China; (4) The market supervision of power market and thermal-coal market in China. According to China's development conditions of power market and thermal-coal market, this paper researches and builds power market and thermal-coal market synergy mechanism of China including price synergy, transactions synergy and risk synergy, and propose market regulatory framework and model. And example and simulation results show the effectiveness of power market and thermal-coal market synergy mechanism and market regulation model proposed in the paper. These achievements presented in this paper are important for us to conduct power and thermal-coal trading orderly and improve the construction of power market and thermal-coal markets.
Based on the summary and analysis of the theory studies and the practice at home and abroad, the paper applies synergy theory in power market and thermal-coal market, and considers coordination development methods of power market and thermal-coal market. This paper concludes with four innovation achievements as follows:
(1)The paper presents a collaborative approach for power market and thermal-coal market in the transitional period -thermal-coal and power price modified model and method considering the market behavior and CPI. Based on supply and demand relation, it allows thermal-coal price has reasonable fluctuations and the fluctuations timely reflected in power tariff, and conducted through the correction of terminal sale electricity price conduction. We choose 3% and 5% as the terminal electricity price modify route. When forecasting CPI is greater than 3%, power cost change caused by the coal price fluctuations should be conducted only through the terminal sale electricity price linkage of export-oriented manufacturing enterprise and alleviate domestic inflation pressure through exporting products. When CPI is greater than 5% and thermal-coal prices rose more than 15%, the government regulators and the price management department should apply temporary price-intervention policy in order to contain thermal-coal prices rise further more.
(2) The paper presents transaction collaborative mechanism for the mature power market and thermal-coal market-setting the authoritative price through the cooperation of the spot market trading, forward market trading and futures market trading under complete systems of power market and thermal-coal market. According to trading characteristics of power and thermal-coal, the paper designs thermal-coal futures contract and presents delivery data center of thermal-coal future, and then establishes thermal-coal futures trading model, including auction trading model, continuous auction trading model, market maker trading model. This is of theory value for designing reasonable thermal-coal market and improving thermal-coal market system and playing a role of synergistic action of spot market, forward market and futures market trading in power market and thermal-coal market.
(3) About the driving force of the the market, this paper shows a mechanism analysis of the power market and thermal-coal market applying synergistic action, servo principle and self-organization dynamics model of synergy theory, establishes the risk synergy model of power and thermal-coal market and brings forward the concept of "reserve merchant". According to the regulating role of the "reserve merchant", we can ease the market price and contain the market risk. Hence we gave a new idea for power and thermal-coal market risk management in our country.
(4) Taking coal resource integration as the background, the paper establishes the market supervision structure, and then points out the necessity of Chinese power market and thermal-coal market supervision and put forward thermal-coal market supervision model, and then put forward the suitable model,,setting price, transaction and risk supervision for power and thermal-coal market. Integrating price synergy mechanism during market transition, the paper presents a new kind of price supervision method and simulating under the regulating role of the "reserve merchant". The coal resources integration easy to form conspiring alliance, this paper analyzed the results that market trading behavior influence transaction price, and then discusses our country thermal-coal market supervision model in order toprovide power market and thermal-coal market more direct and effective market supervision measures. Based on structure and characteristics of power and thermal-coal market, three level risk control mode is proposed:the government regulators, trading center and industry association. And from the angle of the entire thermal-coal supply chain and industry chain, we proposed the constructive suggestion of market supervision for power market and thermal-coal market.
引文
[1]本刊记者.世界能源供需现状与发展趋势[J].山西能源与节能,2008,(3)：9-10,14
[2]蒋明桓.美国能源新政透视[R].中国能源网,2009,1：25
[3]于立宏.中国煤电产业链纵向安排与经济规制研究[M].上海：复旦大学出版社,2007：2-3
[4]赵晓丽.电煤供应链合作与冲突机理研究[M].哈尔滨；哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2008：27
[5]Paul L. Joskow. Vertical integration and long-term contracts:the case of coal-burning electric generating plants [J]. Journal of Law, Economics & Organization,1985,11(1):33-80
[6]于立宏,郁义鸿.需求波动下的煤电纵向关系安排与政府规制[J].管理世界,2006,(4)：73-86
[7]包建华,方世建.煤电冶产业战略联盟及其利益分配的博弈分析[J].运筹与管理,2002,11(5)：24-29
[8]王家诚.煤电一体化战略[J].西部论丛,2004,(1)：22-24
[9]钟哲.由煤电价格联动机制看中国煤电之争[J].中国煤炭,2005,31(4)：17-18,21
[10]于立,刘劲松.中国煤、电关系的架构取向[J].改革,2005,(2)：30-36
[11]林卫斌.“市场煤”、“计划电”的纵向治理与实现条件[J].改革,2007,(4)：25-31
[12]杨海贤,李新威.改善电煤供应链[J].中国电力企业管理,2004,(7)：30-31
[13]吴晓毅.煤电企业供应链管理研究[D].华北电力大学(北京).2007：35-44
[14]张文君,谢建林.浅谈我国煤炭物流[J].中国储运,2008,(4)：114-115
[15]黄毅.打造我国电煤的安全供应链[J].珠江水运,2008,(6)：24-25,28
[16]刘利军,关晓吉.浅谈我国煤炭物流的发展模式[J].山东工商学院学报,2009,23(1)：26-29
[17]朱宏意,汝宜红,王瑞江.电煤供应链的整合分析[J].物流技术,2009,28(5)：99-102
[18]曹涛.煤电企业战略联盟及供应链管理研究[D].华北电力大学硕士学位论文,2009：5-6
[19]朱宏意.电煤供应链物流信息资源整合研究[D].北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2009：1-3
[20]黄文杰,郭晓鹏.第四方物流对发电集团公司电煤供应链管理的启示[J].中国物流与采购,2010,(12)：70-71
[21]闫斌.以保障电煤供应为目标的电煤供应链协调机制研究[D].华北电力大学硕士学位论文,2010：1-4
[22]于良,凤君,张兵.中国煤炭运输的现状、发展趋势与对策研究[J].铁道经济研究,2006,(5)：38-41
[23]罗阳.各种运输方式对煤炭的分担现状及发展趋势[J].中国铁路,2001,(2)：37-39
[24]郑勇.煤炭铁路运输将对供需调整产生影响[J].中国煤炭,2003,29(6)：15-16
[25]王满银,汪应宏.我国当前煤炭资源的运输调配及优化问题研究[J].中国国土资源经济,2004(2)：15-17
[26]刘春莹.煤炭运输的集中化趋势对沿海地区煤炭供求的影响[J].中国煤炭,2007,33(9)：13-16
[27]郑勇.煤炭运输对铁路运输改革的期望[J].中国煤炭,2005,31(5)：19-20
[28]曹学明,林柏梁,严贺祥.铁路直达运输条件下煤炭运输与库存一体化模型[J].北京交通大学学报,2006,30(6)：27-31
[29]雷莲萍,李华,石群.电力结构变化对铁路煤炭运输的影响[J].煤炭经济研究,1999,(12)：21-23
[30]Paul L. Joskow. California's Electricity Crisis, Oxford Review of Policy,2001, 17(3):365-388
[31]Steven Stoft电力系统经济——电力市场设计[M].宋永华,刘俊勇,王秀丽译.北京：中国电力出版社,2006：70-71
[32]Hogan W.. Power market Restructuring:Reforms of Reforms. working paper, 2001:15-21
[33]Hogan W.. Transmission Market Design. Conference at Bush Presidential Conference Center, Texas A & M University, working paper,2003:1-27
[34]Scott M Harvey and William W Hogan. Identifying the Exercise of Market Power in California, December 28,2001:1-36
[35]金培.产业组织经济学[M].北京：经济管理出版社,1999：113
[36]孟倩,丁会凯.华东电力市场结构与绩效浅析[J].华东电力,2009,37(4)：542-544
[37]张忠会,余知敏,王玉.浅谈中国电力市场结构及运营模式[J].科技信息,2008,(2)：300,304
[38]余化良.电力市场结构与运行绩效分析[J].中国电业,2002,(10)：24
[39]屠三益,李昭阳.国际电力市场结构浅说[J].供用电,1999,16(6)：53-55
[40]杜松怀,侯志俭.电力市场结构模式及运营的最新进展[J].华东电力,2001,(6)：48-52
[41]刘秋华,韩愈.电力市场运营模式与市场结构研究[J].商业研究,2006,(13)：122-124
[42]唐义德.电力市场结构转换的经济分析[J].湖南大学学报(社会科学版),2009,23(4)：50-54
[43]吴吟.煤炭产业竞争结构分析[J].中国煤炭,1998,24(8)：7-13
[44]张米尔,邸国永.从我国煤炭产业看产业组织低效率问题[J].经济理论与经济管理,2002,(1)：36-39
[45]纪成君,刘宏超.中国煤炭产业市场结构分析与产业组织政策[J].中国软科学,2002,(1)：24-27
[46]季建伟,邱菀华.煤炭行业过度竞争的产业组织分析[J].企业经济,2004,(7)：98-99
[47]范中启,严霄惠.中国煤炭产业市场结构演化及其成因[J].统计观察,2006,(4)：75-77
[48]Madhavan, Ananth. Trading Mechanisms in Securities Markets. Journal of Finance,1992, (2):607-641
[49]王剑辉,刘伟,王良友.电力市场中市场力与管制问题研究[J].继电器,2004,32(5)：1-6
[50]张集,张粒子,于亮.电力市场中的市场力分层评价指标体系[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(6)：123-128
[51]杨力俊,谭忠富,刘严等.放松管制后进入发电市场的最优厂商规模的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(10)：82-88
[52]刘满平,桂琳.从电煤价格上调谈电煤价格的形成机制[J].中国电力,2003,36(9)：75-78
[53]潘伟尔.电煤价格市场化机制改革的设计缺陷与实践修正[J].中国煤炭,2003,29(12)：12-14
[54]吴少平.构建煤电价格联动机制的理性思考[C].第二届中国能源战略国际论坛论文集,2007：144-154
[55]蒋晓全,丁秀英.关于解决煤电价格争端的思考[J].价格月刊,2005,(5)：21-22
[56]周云圣,朱欢.规制视角下的煤电价格联动机制辨析[J].煤炭经济研究,2008,(3)：47-50
[57]倪慧君.基于产业价值链管理的煤电价格联动[J].集团经济研究,2005,(9)：70-71
[58]束洪春,吴水军,董俊等.基于预测-校核机制的发电侧煤电联动[J].电网技术,2007,31(8)：22-26
[59]王萍,崔和瑞.基于资金利润法的上网电价定价方案[J].电力自动化设备,2008,28(6)：70-73
[60]张慧明,周德群,朱佩枫.煤、电价格联动与纵向一体化的比较分析[J].统计与决策,2006,(14)：74-75
[61]张建刚,段治平,刘鹏.煤、电价格运行及协调机制研究[J].商场现代化,2009,(1)：207
[62]石桂峰,欧阳令南,侯守礼.煤电价格联动机制的思考[J].价格理论与实践,2005,(2)：110-112
[63]王超,责友梅.煤电价格联动若干问题理论探析[J].煤炭经济研究,2004,(12)：9-11,20
[64]丁乐群,翟绘景,黄兴.煤电价格联动机制对发电成本-利润影响分析[J].中国电力,2007,40(9)：19-22
[65]陈广娟,谭忠富,郭联哲等.煤电价格联动下火力发电企业的风险分析模型[J].现代电力,2007,24(2)：74-78
[66]赵丽丽.煤电价格联动政策对电力企业影响的事件研究[J].全国商情(经济理论研究),2007,(4)：64,68
[67]刘承水.煤电联动与电力改革的思考与探讨[J].北京城市学院学报,2008,(2)：56-64
[68]刘满平.通过市场化运作根本解决煤电价格之争[J].中国电力,2005,38(3)：1-4
[69]李长生,张航天.透过煤电价格联动探析煤、电行业市场化改革[J].价格理论与实践,2006,(5)：29-30
[70]吴水军.云南电力系统分时电价及煤电联动模型研究[D].昆明理工大学,2006：7-8
[71]赵紫剑.电煤价格市场化及电力行业应对措施研究[J].价格与市场,2006,(9)：27-29
[72]孙媛.电煤基准价格：理论模型和应用探讨[J].价格理论与实践,2008,(5)：28-29
[73]蒋小元.金融衍生工具在电力市场风险管理的应用研究[D].华北电力大学硕士学位论文,2003：11
[74]R. J. Kaye, H. R. Outhred, C. H. Bannister. Forward contracts for the operation of an electricity industry under spot pricing. IEEE Trans On Power System, 1990,5(2):46-52
[75]马歆,蒋传文,侯志俭等.电力金融合约市场及其风险控制研究[J].华东电力,2002,(9)：8-10,72
[76]Chung T. S., Zhang S. H.,Yu C. W. et al. Electricity Market Risk Management Using Forward Contracts with Bilateral Options, IEE Proceedings-Generation Transmission and Distribution,2003,150(5):588-59
[77]Robert A Colins. The Economics of Electricity Hedging and a Proposed Modification for the Futures Contract for Electricity. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2002,17(1):100-107
[78]Eva Tanlapco, Jacques Lawarree, Chen-Ching Liu. Hedging With Futures Contracts in a Deregulated Electricity Industry. IEEE Trans On Power System, 2002,17(3):577-582
[79]Chi-Keung Woo, Ira Horowitz, Khoa Hoang. Cross hedging and forward-contract pricing of electricity. Energy Economics,2001,23:1-15
[80]Roger B., Liu C. C., Jacques L. Financial Risk Management in a Competitive Electricity Market, IEEE Trans.on Power Systems,1999,14(4):1285-1291
[81]Lemming J. Risk and Investment Management in Liberalized Electricity Markets, Doctoral Dissertation, Lyngby:Technical University of Denmark, 2003
[82]Shahidehpour M. Tools for Generation Risk Management, IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting,2001,1:414-416
[83]潘克西,濮津,向涛.中国煤炭市场集中度研究——中美煤炭市场集中度比较分析[J].管理世界,2002,(12)：77-88
[84]宋永华,孙静.美国电煤市场及其对我国的启示[J].电力技术经济,2009,21(3)：1-6,12
[85]王信茂.关于煤电项目前期工作的若干问题[J].电力技术经济,2006,18(6)：1-4
[86]于立宏,郁义鸿.美国煤电产业链纵向关系实证研究综述[J].煤炭经济研究,2006(4)：28-33
[87]井志忠.电力市场化改革：国际比较与中国的推进[D].吉林大学博士学位论文,2005：1
[88]孙媛.中国电煤可应用基准价格研究[D].复旦大学博士学位论文,2008：44-45
[89]雷仲敏,杜铭华,郭明等.中国煤炭期货品种开发研究[M].北京：中国金融出版社,2007
[90]江连洪.影响煤炭价格因素的相关性分析与预测[D].东北财经大学硕士学位论文,2007：8-11
[91]谭章禄,陈广山.我国煤炭价格影响因素实证研究[J].改革与战略,2009,25(10)：37-38
[92]张顺林,任晓德,赵伯华等.电煤价格的确定及其影响因素分析[J].煤质技术,2003,(4)：59-62
[93]高富锋,骆文琼.我国能源管理体制的发展趋势分析[J].中国煤炭,2008,34(9)：25-27
[94]吴吟.关于我国能源管理体制的思考[J].中国能源,2002,(10)：12-13,47
[95]王秀丽,宋永华,王锡凡.英国电力市场新模式——结构、成效及问题[J].中国电力,2003,36(6)：1-5
[96]国家经贸委电力司.英国电力改革[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2001
[97]Christie R D, Wangensteen I. The Energy Market in Norway and Sweden: Introduction. IEEE Power Engineering Review,1999,18(2):44-45
[98]Christie R D, Wangensteen I. The Energy Market in Norway and Sweden:the Spot and Futures Markets. IEEE Power Engineering Review,1999,18(3): 55-56
[99]辛耀中,韩放,李毅松等.美国东部和西部电力市场的比较分析[J].电力系统自动化,2001,(8)：12-15
[100]PJM. LMP Primer. Pennsylvania of USA:PJM Interconnection, L. L. C. 1999
[101]陈聪,彭武元.中国煤电价格联动政策回顾与评析[J].中国地质大学学报(社会科学版),2009,9(1)：45-49
[102]Schweppe F C, Caramanis M C, Tabors R D et al. Spot Pricing of Electricity. Kluwer Academic Publishers,1988
[103]Atkinson, S. and Kerkvliet, J. Measuring the Multilateral Allocation of Rents: Wyoming Low-Sulfur Coal[J]. RAND Journal of Economics,1986,17: 416-430
[104]Kerkvliet, J. Efficiency and Vertical Integration:The Case of Mine-mouth Electric Generating Plants[J]. Journal of Industrial Economics,1991,39(5): 467-482
[105]于立,刘劲松.中国煤、电关系的产业组织学分析[J].中国工业经济,2004,(9)：50-56
[106]刘冰.煤电企业纵向交易关系合约选择的理论分析[J].财经问题研究,2009,(10)：58-64
[107]刘劲松.中国煤、电纵向关系理论研究[J].财经问题研究,2007,(5)：22-28
[108]刘劲松.纵向交易关系理论综述[J].财经问题研究,2008,(5)：39-43
[109]马宇,刘冰.煤电企业纵向交易关系解构与交易模式的有效性[J].改革,2008,(5)：46-52
[110]Coase, R. H. The nature of the firm [J]. Economica,1937, (4):120-150
[111]赫尔曼·哈肯.协同学——大自然构成的奥秘[M].上海：上海译文出版社,2005：123
[112]白列湖.协同论与管理协同理论[J].甘肃社会科学,2007,(5)：228-230
[113]蔡绍洪,彭仕政,伍进.耗散结构与非平衡相变原理及应用[M].贵阳：贵州科技出版社,1998：1-5
[114]郭治安.协同学入门[M].成都：四川人民出版社,1988：1-2
[115]郭治安,沈小峰.协同论[M].山西：山西经济出版社,1991：12
[116]哈肯著(郭治安译).高等协同学[M].北京：科学出版社,1989：24-25,210-238
[117]HAKEN H. Synergetics Introduction[C]. New York:Springer Verlay,1983: 15-18
[118]陈忠,盛毅华.现代系统科学学[M].上海：上海科学技术文献出版社,2005：454-456
[119]赵杰.管理系统工程[M].北京：科学出版社,2006：73-74
[120]刘建波.基于自组织理论的企业进化进机制研究[D].中国学术期刊网全文数据库,2006：34-36,50
[121]HAKEN H. Information and Self-organization:A Macroscopic Approach to Complex Systems[J]. Berlin & New York:Springer-Verlag,1988, (11):51-53
[122]汤静.协同理论与股票市场的发展演进[J].湖南社会科学,2006,(6)：186-187
[123]胡颖,温晓俊.协同效应和市场势力——横向联盟与兼并的产业组织分析[J].市场周刊,2004,(3)：105-106
[124]李琦,刘晓艳,王利荣.电子商务案例分析[M].西安交通大学出版社.2001
[125]陈安,黄涛,刘庆文.电子商务中的关键技术[J].中国制造业信息化,2003,32(1)：53-58.
[126]覃征.电子商务导论[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2000
[127]胡泳.电子商务大趋势：协同式商务[J].互联网周刊.2000(46)：85-88
[128]吴立明.协同交易平台——走向第三代电子交易商[J].IT经理世界,2000,(12)：79-81
[129]徐晓飞,战德臣,李成严.基于主动成本控制的中小企业ERP管理系统[J].中国制造业信息化,2003,32(1)：49-52
[130]吴云飞.我国煤电运协同战略及其水路运输决策分析[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2008：1-8
[131]刘涛.煤炭行业供应链协同网络模型构建与应用研究[D].山东大学硕士学位论文,2008：18-21
[132]刘琦.切实推进结构调整,增强能源可持续发展能力[C].2009第五届中国能源投资论坛,北京：中国企业投资协会,2009
[133]戴平生.煤炭价格变动对电力市场定价的影响[J].价格理论与实践,2004(2)：26-27
[134]杨彤,聂锐,刘玥.基于价格传导复杂网络模型的煤电价格传导效应模拟分析[J].中国矿业,2009,18(9)：31-35
[135]Mount T.Market power and price volatility in restructured market for electricity[J]. Design Support System,2001,30(3):1103-1107
[136]郭联哲,李晓军,谭忠富等.煤价波动对火电厂上网电价影响的数学模型及动态分析[J].电网技术,2005,29(7)：7-11
[137]李凡生,徐丽杰,王玮.试论火力发电厂动态成本分析[J].电网技术,2001,25(7)：44-47
[138]谭忠富,张明文,王绵斌.煤炭价格与发电价格联动平衡关系模型[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2009,21(3)：1-5
[139]张明文.中国煤电产业链协调发展的优化模型研究[D].北京：华北电力大学,2009：46-58
[140]易俗,白晓民,王成文.地区配电市场运营状况的综合分析(一)[J].现代电力,2006,23(3)：79-83
[141]秦祯芳,岳顺民,余贻鑫等.零售端电力市场中的电量电价弹性矩阵[J].电力系统自动化,2004,28(5)：16-19
[142]岳顺民.配电市场价格分析及价格监管模式研究[D].天津：天津大学,2004：74-87
[143]Ames B, Erin M. The impact of retail rate deregulation on electricity consumption in San Diego[EB/OL]. [2010-11-28]
[144]谢健,严忠.非线性市场价格模型分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2003(2)：53-56
[145]刘芳.我国煤炭期货交易的可行性及制度设计[D].河海大学硕士学位论文,2007：6
[146]乔爱军.我国煤炭行业风险管理工具研究——基于煤炭期货市场建立的分析[D].山西财经大学硕士学位论文,2008：31-32
[147]Glosten, Lawrence R. Insider Trading, Liquidity and the Role of the Monopolist Specialist. Journal of Business,1989,62(2):211-235
[148]Glosten, Lawrence R. Is the Electronic Open Limit Order Book Inevitable. Journal of Finance,1994,49(4):1127-1161
[149]Pagano M, A Roell. Transparency and Liquidity—A Comparison of Auction and Dealer Markets with Informed Trading. Journal of Finance,1996,51(3): 579-611
[150]卞玉君.交易制度、投资者行为和信息对证券价格的影响分析[D].上海交通大学博士学位论文,2006：37-67
[151]刘逖.证券市场微观结构理论与实践[M].上海：复旦大学出版社,2002
[152]刘红忠.金融市场学[M].上海：上海人民出版社,2003
[153]Stoll, Hans R.. The Supply of Dealer Services in Securities Markets, Journal of Finance,1978,33:1133-1151
[154]Bagehot, W. J. Treynor, The Only Game in Town, Financial Analysts Journal, 1971,27:12-14,22
[155]Amihud, Yakov and Haim Mendelson, Dealership Market:Market Making with Inventory, Journal of Financial Economics,1980,8:31-53
[156]Ackert and Hunt. A Sequential Test Methodology for Detecting Futures Markets Disruptions with Applications to Futures Margin Management. Review of Futures Markets,1990,9(2):318-341
[157]江曙霞,郭哗,曾志钊等.市场微观结构：理论、实践与监管应用[M].北京：中国财政经济出版社,2006
[158]张同功,雷仲敏.煤炭价格波动的影响因素分析[J].中国能源,2005,27(12)：16-19
[159]罗鑫,张粒子.电力与电煤价格传导机制分析及政策建议[J].能源技术经济,2010,22(2)：19-22
[160]葛永波.价格发现：期货市场与现货市场的协同作用[J].山西财经大学学报,2006,28(3)：103-107
[161]彼得·伯恩斯坦.与天为敌：风险探索传奇[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2007
[162]吴大进.协同学原理及其应用[M].武汉：华中理工大学出版社,1990：67-93
[163]张伟,于良春.信息、串谋与自然垄断产业规制[J].经济评论,2007,(2)：110-116
[164]Richard F. Hirsh. Power Loss:The Orifins of Derefulation and Restructuring in the American Utility System. Cambridge:MIT Press:1999:295
[165]赵文华.从信息论的角度研究代理中控制串谋行为的方法[J],西北纺织工学院学报,2000,14(3)：263-267
[166]EAN Tirole Hierarchies, Bureaucracies. On the role of collusion in organizations[J]. Journal of Law, Economics and organization,1986,2(2): 10-14
[167]赵文华.国外代理理论中串谋问题的研究进展及中国的特殊性[J].广东社会科学,2005,(6)：159-165
[168]杨善林,王素凤,李敏.国有企业经营者负激励机制设计——“油锅合同”模型解析[J].财经研究,2005,31(9)：114-123
[169]符国群.产品溢价的经济学解释[J].当代经济科学,1999,(3)：76-80
[170]张粒子,张集,程瑜.电力市场中的串谋溢价和串谋行为规制研究[J].电网技术,2006,30(24)：61-67
[171]孙海英.我国煤电价格机制形成煤电矛盾冲突原因分析[J].山西煤炭管理干部学院学报,2008,(4)：7-9
[172]刘伟.反垄断的经济分析[M].上海：上海财经大学出版社,2004
[173]郁文,徐永良.国有制寡占企业价格竞争博弈分析[J].江苏商论,2004,(4)：127-128
[174]宋依群,侯志俭,文福拴等.电力市场三种寡头竞争模型的市场力分析比较[J].电网技术,2003,27(8)：10-15
[175]王伟,管毅平,翟海青等.电能现货拍卖交易中企业间默契合谋行为分析[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(23)：15-18
[176]于立宏,郁义鸿.纵向结构特性与电煤价格形成机制[J].中国工业经济,2010,(3)：65-75
[2]蒋明桓.美国能源新政透视[R].中国能源网,2009,1：25
[3]于立宏.中国煤电产业链纵向安排与经济规制研究[M].上海：复旦大学出版社,2007：2-3
[4]赵晓丽.电煤供应链合作与冲突机理研究[M].哈尔滨；哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2008：27
[5]Paul L. Joskow. Vertical integration and long-term contracts:the case of coal-burning electric generating plants [J]. Journal of Law, Economics & Organization,1985,11(1):33-80
[6]于立宏,郁义鸿.需求波动下的煤电纵向关系安排与政府规制[J].管理世界,2006,(4)：73-86
[7]包建华,方世建.煤电冶产业战略联盟及其利益分配的博弈分析[J].运筹与管理,2002,11(5)：24-29
[8]王家诚.煤电一体化战略[J].西部论丛,2004,(1)：22-24
[9]钟哲.由煤电价格联动机制看中国煤电之争[J].中国煤炭,2005,31(4)：17-18,21
[10]于立,刘劲松.中国煤、电关系的架构取向[J].改革,2005,(2)：30-36
[11]林卫斌.“市场煤”、“计划电”的纵向治理与实现条件[J].改革,2007,(4)：25-31
[12]杨海贤,李新威.改善电煤供应链[J].中国电力企业管理,2004,(7)：30-31
[13]吴晓毅.煤电企业供应链管理研究[D].华北电力大学(北京).2007：35-44
[14]张文君,谢建林.浅谈我国煤炭物流[J].中国储运,2008,(4)：114-115
[15]黄毅.打造我国电煤的安全供应链[J].珠江水运,2008,(6)：24-25,28
[16]刘利军,关晓吉.浅谈我国煤炭物流的发展模式[J].山东工商学院学报,2009,23(1)：26-29
[17]朱宏意,汝宜红,王瑞江.电煤供应链的整合分析[J].物流技术,2009,28(5)：99-102
[18]曹涛.煤电企业战略联盟及供应链管理研究[D].华北电力大学硕士学位论文,2009：5-6
[19]朱宏意.电煤供应链物流信息资源整合研究[D].北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2009：1-3
[20]黄文杰,郭晓鹏.第四方物流对发电集团公司电煤供应链管理的启示[J].中国物流与采购,2010,(12)：70-71
[21]闫斌.以保障电煤供应为目标的电煤供应链协调机制研究[D].华北电力大学硕士学位论文,2010：1-4
[22]于良,凤君,张兵.中国煤炭运输的现状、发展趋势与对策研究[J].铁道经济研究,2006,(5)：38-41
[23]罗阳.各种运输方式对煤炭的分担现状及发展趋势[J].中国铁路,2001,(2)：37-39
[24]郑勇.煤炭铁路运输将对供需调整产生影响[J].中国煤炭,2003,29(6)：15-16
[25]王满银,汪应宏.我国当前煤炭资源的运输调配及优化问题研究[J].中国国土资源经济,2004(2)：15-17
[26]刘春莹.煤炭运输的集中化趋势对沿海地区煤炭供求的影响[J].中国煤炭,2007,33(9)：13-16
[27]郑勇.煤炭运输对铁路运输改革的期望[J].中国煤炭,2005,31(5)：19-20
[28]曹学明,林柏梁,严贺祥.铁路直达运输条件下煤炭运输与库存一体化模型[J].北京交通大学学报,2006,30(6)：27-31
[29]雷莲萍,李华,石群.电力结构变化对铁路煤炭运输的影响[J].煤炭经济研究,1999,(12)：21-23
[30]Paul L. Joskow. California's Electricity Crisis, Oxford Review of Policy,2001, 17(3):365-388
[31]Steven Stoft电力系统经济——电力市场设计[M].宋永华,刘俊勇,王秀丽译.北京：中国电力出版社,2006：70-71
[32]Hogan W.. Power market Restructuring:Reforms of Reforms. working paper, 2001:15-21
[33]Hogan W.. Transmission Market Design. Conference at Bush Presidential Conference Center, Texas A & M University, working paper,2003:1-27
[34]Scott M Harvey and William W Hogan. Identifying the Exercise of Market Power in California, December 28,2001:1-36
[35]金培.产业组织经济学[M].北京：经济管理出版社,1999：113
[36]孟倩,丁会凯.华东电力市场结构与绩效浅析[J].华东电力,2009,37(4)：542-544
[37]张忠会,余知敏,王玉.浅谈中国电力市场结构及运营模式[J].科技信息,2008,(2)：300,304
[38]余化良.电力市场结构与运行绩效分析[J].中国电业,2002,(10)：24
[39]屠三益,李昭阳.国际电力市场结构浅说[J].供用电,1999,16(6)：53-55
[40]杜松怀,侯志俭.电力市场结构模式及运营的最新进展[J].华东电力,2001,(6)：48-52
[41]刘秋华,韩愈.电力市场运营模式与市场结构研究[J].商业研究,2006,(13)：122-124
[42]唐义德.电力市场结构转换的经济分析[J].湖南大学学报(社会科学版),2009,23(4)：50-54
[43]吴吟.煤炭产业竞争结构分析[J].中国煤炭,1998,24(8)：7-13
[44]张米尔,邸国永.从我国煤炭产业看产业组织低效率问题[J].经济理论与经济管理,2002,(1)：36-39
[45]纪成君,刘宏超.中国煤炭产业市场结构分析与产业组织政策[J].中国软科学,2002,(1)：24-27
[46]季建伟,邱菀华.煤炭行业过度竞争的产业组织分析[J].企业经济,2004,(7)：98-99
[47]范中启,严霄惠.中国煤炭产业市场结构演化及其成因[J].统计观察,2006,(4)：75-77
[48]Madhavan, Ananth. Trading Mechanisms in Securities Markets. Journal of Finance,1992, (2):607-641
[49]王剑辉,刘伟,王良友.电力市场中市场力与管制问题研究[J].继电器,2004,32(5)：1-6
[50]张集,张粒子,于亮.电力市场中的市场力分层评价指标体系[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(6)：123-128
[51]杨力俊,谭忠富,刘严等.放松管制后进入发电市场的最优厂商规模的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(10)：82-88
[52]刘满平,桂琳.从电煤价格上调谈电煤价格的形成机制[J].中国电力,2003,36(9)：75-78
[53]潘伟尔.电煤价格市场化机制改革的设计缺陷与实践修正[J].中国煤炭,2003,29(12)：12-14
[54]吴少平.构建煤电价格联动机制的理性思考[C].第二届中国能源战略国际论坛论文集,2007：144-154
[55]蒋晓全,丁秀英.关于解决煤电价格争端的思考[J].价格月刊,2005,(5)：21-22
[56]周云圣,朱欢.规制视角下的煤电价格联动机制辨析[J].煤炭经济研究,2008,(3)：47-50
[57]倪慧君.基于产业价值链管理的煤电价格联动[J].集团经济研究,2005,(9)：70-71
[58]束洪春,吴水军,董俊等.基于预测-校核机制的发电侧煤电联动[J].电网技术,2007,31(8)：22-26
[59]王萍,崔和瑞.基于资金利润法的上网电价定价方案[J].电力自动化设备,2008,28(6)：70-73
[60]张慧明,周德群,朱佩枫.煤、电价格联动与纵向一体化的比较分析[J].统计与决策,2006,(14)：74-75
[61]张建刚,段治平,刘鹏.煤、电价格运行及协调机制研究[J].商场现代化,2009,(1)：207
[62]石桂峰,欧阳令南,侯守礼.煤电价格联动机制的思考[J].价格理论与实践,2005,(2)：110-112
[63]王超,责友梅.煤电价格联动若干问题理论探析[J].煤炭经济研究,2004,(12)：9-11,20
[64]丁乐群,翟绘景,黄兴.煤电价格联动机制对发电成本-利润影响分析[J].中国电力,2007,40(9)：19-22
[65]陈广娟,谭忠富,郭联哲等.煤电价格联动下火力发电企业的风险分析模型[J].现代电力,2007,24(2)：74-78
[66]赵丽丽.煤电价格联动政策对电力企业影响的事件研究[J].全国商情(经济理论研究),2007,(4)：64,68
[67]刘承水.煤电联动与电力改革的思考与探讨[J].北京城市学院学报,2008,(2)：56-64
[68]刘满平.通过市场化运作根本解决煤电价格之争[J].中国电力,2005,38(3)：1-4
[69]李长生,张航天.透过煤电价格联动探析煤、电行业市场化改革[J].价格理论与实践,2006,(5)：29-30
[70]吴水军.云南电力系统分时电价及煤电联动模型研究[D].昆明理工大学,2006：7-8
[71]赵紫剑.电煤价格市场化及电力行业应对措施研究[J].价格与市场,2006,(9)：27-29
[72]孙媛.电煤基准价格：理论模型和应用探讨[J].价格理论与实践,2008,(5)：28-29
[73]蒋小元.金融衍生工具在电力市场风险管理的应用研究[D].华北电力大学硕士学位论文,2003：11
[74]R. J. Kaye, H. R. Outhred, C. H. Bannister. Forward contracts for the operation of an electricity industry under spot pricing. IEEE Trans On Power System, 1990,5(2):46-52
[75]马歆,蒋传文,侯志俭等.电力金融合约市场及其风险控制研究[J].华东电力,2002,(9)：8-10,72
[76]Chung T. S., Zhang S. H.,Yu C. W. et al. Electricity Market Risk Management Using Forward Contracts with Bilateral Options, IEE Proceedings-Generation Transmission and Distribution,2003,150(5):588-59
[77]Robert A Colins. The Economics of Electricity Hedging and a Proposed Modification for the Futures Contract for Electricity. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2002,17(1):100-107
[78]Eva Tanlapco, Jacques Lawarree, Chen-Ching Liu. Hedging With Futures Contracts in a Deregulated Electricity Industry. IEEE Trans On Power System, 2002,17(3):577-582
[79]Chi-Keung Woo, Ira Horowitz, Khoa Hoang. Cross hedging and forward-contract pricing of electricity. Energy Economics,2001,23:1-15
[80]Roger B., Liu C. C., Jacques L. Financial Risk Management in a Competitive Electricity Market, IEEE Trans.on Power Systems,1999,14(4):1285-1291
[81]Lemming J. Risk and Investment Management in Liberalized Electricity Markets, Doctoral Dissertation, Lyngby:Technical University of Denmark, 2003
[82]Shahidehpour M. Tools for Generation Risk Management, IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting,2001,1:414-416
[83]潘克西,濮津,向涛.中国煤炭市场集中度研究——中美煤炭市场集中度比较分析[J].管理世界,2002,(12)：77-88
[84]宋永华,孙静.美国电煤市场及其对我国的启示[J].电力技术经济,2009,21(3)：1-6,12
[85]王信茂.关于煤电项目前期工作的若干问题[J].电力技术经济,2006,18(6)：1-4
[86]于立宏,郁义鸿.美国煤电产业链纵向关系实证研究综述[J].煤炭经济研究,2006(4)：28-33
[87]井志忠.电力市场化改革：国际比较与中国的推进[D].吉林大学博士学位论文,2005：1
[88]孙媛.中国电煤可应用基准价格研究[D].复旦大学博士学位论文,2008：44-45
[89]雷仲敏,杜铭华,郭明等.中国煤炭期货品种开发研究[M].北京：中国金融出版社,2007
[90]江连洪.影响煤炭价格因素的相关性分析与预测[D].东北财经大学硕士学位论文,2007：8-11
[91]谭章禄,陈广山.我国煤炭价格影响因素实证研究[J].改革与战略,2009,25(10)：37-38
[92]张顺林,任晓德,赵伯华等.电煤价格的确定及其影响因素分析[J].煤质技术,2003,(4)：59-62
[93]高富锋,骆文琼.我国能源管理体制的发展趋势分析[J].中国煤炭,2008,34(9)：25-27
[94]吴吟.关于我国能源管理体制的思考[J].中国能源,2002,(10)：12-13,47
[95]王秀丽,宋永华,王锡凡.英国电力市场新模式——结构、成效及问题[J].中国电力,2003,36(6)：1-5
[96]国家经贸委电力司.英国电力改革[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2001
[97]Christie R D, Wangensteen I. The Energy Market in Norway and Sweden: Introduction. IEEE Power Engineering Review,1999,18(2):44-45
[98]Christie R D, Wangensteen I. The Energy Market in Norway and Sweden:the Spot and Futures Markets. IEEE Power Engineering Review,1999,18(3): 55-56
[99]辛耀中,韩放,李毅松等.美国东部和西部电力市场的比较分析[J].电力系统自动化,2001,(8)：12-15
[100]PJM. LMP Primer. Pennsylvania of USA:PJM Interconnection, L. L. C. 1999
[101]陈聪,彭武元.中国煤电价格联动政策回顾与评析[J].中国地质大学学报(社会科学版),2009,9(1)：45-49
[102]Schweppe F C, Caramanis M C, Tabors R D et al. Spot Pricing of Electricity. Kluwer Academic Publishers,1988
[103]Atkinson, S. and Kerkvliet, J. Measuring the Multilateral Allocation of Rents: Wyoming Low-Sulfur Coal[J]. RAND Journal of Economics,1986,17: 416-430
[104]Kerkvliet, J. Efficiency and Vertical Integration:The Case of Mine-mouth Electric Generating Plants[J]. Journal of Industrial Economics,1991,39(5): 467-482
[105]于立,刘劲松.中国煤、电关系的产业组织学分析[J].中国工业经济,2004,(9)：50-56
[106]刘冰.煤电企业纵向交易关系合约选择的理论分析[J].财经问题研究,2009,(10)：58-64
[107]刘劲松.中国煤、电纵向关系理论研究[J].财经问题研究,2007,(5)：22-28
[108]刘劲松.纵向交易关系理论综述[J].财经问题研究,2008,(5)：39-43
[109]马宇,刘冰.煤电企业纵向交易关系解构与交易模式的有效性[J].改革,2008,(5)：46-52
[110]Coase, R. H. The nature of the firm [J]. Economica,1937, (4):120-150
[111]赫尔曼·哈肯.协同学——大自然构成的奥秘[M].上海：上海译文出版社,2005：123
[112]白列湖.协同论与管理协同理论[J].甘肃社会科学,2007,(5)：228-230
[113]蔡绍洪,彭仕政,伍进.耗散结构与非平衡相变原理及应用[M].贵阳：贵州科技出版社,1998：1-5
[114]郭治安.协同学入门[M].成都：四川人民出版社,1988：1-2
[115]郭治安,沈小峰.协同论[M].山西：山西经济出版社,1991：12
[116]哈肯著(郭治安译).高等协同学[M].北京：科学出版社,1989：24-25,210-238
[117]HAKEN H. Synergetics Introduction[C]. New York:Springer Verlay,1983: 15-18
[118]陈忠,盛毅华.现代系统科学学[M].上海：上海科学技术文献出版社,2005：454-456
[119]赵杰.管理系统工程[M].北京：科学出版社,2006：73-74
[120]刘建波.基于自组织理论的企业进化进机制研究[D].中国学术期刊网全文数据库,2006：34-36,50
[121]HAKEN H. Information and Self-organization:A Macroscopic Approach to Complex Systems[J]. Berlin & New York:Springer-Verlag,1988, (11):51-53
[122]汤静.协同理论与股票市场的发展演进[J].湖南社会科学,2006,(6)：186-187
[123]胡颖,温晓俊.协同效应和市场势力——横向联盟与兼并的产业组织分析[J].市场周刊,2004,(3)：105-106
[124]李琦,刘晓艳,王利荣.电子商务案例分析[M].西安交通大学出版社.2001
[125]陈安,黄涛,刘庆文.电子商务中的关键技术[J].中国制造业信息化,2003,32(1)：53-58.
[126]覃征.电子商务导论[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2000
[127]胡泳.电子商务大趋势：协同式商务[J].互联网周刊.2000(46)：85-88
[128]吴立明.协同交易平台——走向第三代电子交易商[J].IT经理世界,2000,(12)：79-81
[129]徐晓飞,战德臣,李成严.基于主动成本控制的中小企业ERP管理系统[J].中国制造业信息化,2003,32(1)：49-52
[130]吴云飞.我国煤电运协同战略及其水路运输决策分析[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2008：1-8
[131]刘涛.煤炭行业供应链协同网络模型构建与应用研究[D].山东大学硕士学位论文,2008：18-21
[132]刘琦.切实推进结构调整,增强能源可持续发展能力[C].2009第五届中国能源投资论坛,北京：中国企业投资协会,2009
[133]戴平生.煤炭价格变动对电力市场定价的影响[J].价格理论与实践,2004(2)：26-27
[134]杨彤,聂锐,刘玥.基于价格传导复杂网络模型的煤电价格传导效应模拟分析[J].中国矿业,2009,18(9)：31-35
[135]Mount T.Market power and price volatility in restructured market for electricity[J]. Design Support System,2001,30(3):1103-1107
[136]郭联哲,李晓军,谭忠富等.煤价波动对火电厂上网电价影响的数学模型及动态分析[J].电网技术,2005,29(7)：7-11
[137]李凡生,徐丽杰,王玮.试论火力发电厂动态成本分析[J].电网技术,2001,25(7)：44-47
[138]谭忠富,张明文,王绵斌.煤炭价格与发电价格联动平衡关系模型[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2009,21(3)：1-5
[139]张明文.中国煤电产业链协调发展的优化模型研究[D].北京：华北电力大学,2009：46-58
[140]易俗,白晓民,王成文.地区配电市场运营状况的综合分析(一)[J].现代电力,2006,23(3)：79-83
[141]秦祯芳,岳顺民,余贻鑫等.零售端电力市场中的电量电价弹性矩阵[J].电力系统自动化,2004,28(5)：16-19
[142]岳顺民.配电市场价格分析及价格监管模式研究[D].天津：天津大学,2004：74-87
[143]Ames B, Erin M. The impact of retail rate deregulation on electricity consumption in San Diego[EB/OL]. [2010-11-28]
[144]谢健,严忠.非线性市场价格模型分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2003(2)：53-56
[145]刘芳.我国煤炭期货交易的可行性及制度设计[D].河海大学硕士学位论文,2007：6
[146]乔爱军.我国煤炭行业风险管理工具研究——基于煤炭期货市场建立的分析[D].山西财经大学硕士学位论文,2008：31-32
[147]Glosten, Lawrence R. Insider Trading, Liquidity and the Role of the Monopolist Specialist. Journal of Business,1989,62(2):211-235
[148]Glosten, Lawrence R. Is the Electronic Open Limit Order Book Inevitable. Journal of Finance,1994,49(4):1127-1161
[149]Pagano M, A Roell. Transparency and Liquidity—A Comparison of Auction and Dealer Markets with Informed Trading. Journal of Finance,1996,51(3): 579-611
[150]卞玉君.交易制度、投资者行为和信息对证券价格的影响分析[D].上海交通大学博士学位论文,2006：37-67
[151]刘逖.证券市场微观结构理论与实践[M].上海：复旦大学出版社,2002
[152]刘红忠.金融市场学[M].上海：上海人民出版社,2003
[153]Stoll, Hans R.. The Supply of Dealer Services in Securities Markets, Journal of Finance,1978,33:1133-1151
[154]Bagehot, W. J. Treynor, The Only Game in Town, Financial Analysts Journal, 1971,27:12-14,22
[155]Amihud, Yakov and Haim Mendelson, Dealership Market:Market Making with Inventory, Journal of Financial Economics,1980,8:31-53
[156]Ackert and Hunt. A Sequential Test Methodology for Detecting Futures Markets Disruptions with Applications to Futures Margin Management. Review of Futures Markets,1990,9(2):318-341
[157]江曙霞,郭哗,曾志钊等.市场微观结构：理论、实践与监管应用[M].北京：中国财政经济出版社,2006
[158]张同功,雷仲敏.煤炭价格波动的影响因素分析[J].中国能源,2005,27(12)：16-19
[159]罗鑫,张粒子.电力与电煤价格传导机制分析及政策建议[J].能源技术经济,2010,22(2)：19-22
[160]葛永波.价格发现：期货市场与现货市场的协同作用[J].山西财经大学学报,2006,28(3)：103-107
[161]彼得·伯恩斯坦.与天为敌：风险探索传奇[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2007
[162]吴大进.协同学原理及其应用[M].武汉：华中理工大学出版社,1990：67-93
[163]张伟,于良春.信息、串谋与自然垄断产业规制[J].经济评论,2007,(2)：110-116
[164]Richard F. Hirsh. Power Loss:The Orifins of Derefulation and Restructuring in the American Utility System. Cambridge:MIT Press:1999:295
[165]赵文华.从信息论的角度研究代理中控制串谋行为的方法[J],西北纺织工学院学报,2000,14(3)：263-267
[166]EAN Tirole Hierarchies, Bureaucracies. On the role of collusion in organizations[J]. Journal of Law, Economics and organization,1986,2(2): 10-14
[167]赵文华.国外代理理论中串谋问题的研究进展及中国的特殊性[J].广东社会科学,2005,(6)：159-165
[168]杨善林,王素凤,李敏.国有企业经营者负激励机制设计——“油锅合同”模型解析[J].财经研究,2005,31(9)：114-123
[169]符国群.产品溢价的经济学解释[J].当代经济科学,1999,(3)：76-80
[170]张粒子,张集,程瑜.电力市场中的串谋溢价和串谋行为规制研究[J].电网技术,2006,30(24)：61-67
[171]孙海英.我国煤电价格机制形成煤电矛盾冲突原因分析[J].山西煤炭管理干部学院学报,2008,(4)：7-9
[172]刘伟.反垄断的经济分析[M].上海：上海财经大学出版社,2004
[173]郁文,徐永良.国有制寡占企业价格竞争博弈分析[J].江苏商论,2004,(4)：127-128
[174]宋依群,侯志俭,文福拴等.电力市场三种寡头竞争模型的市场力分析比较[J].电网技术,2003,27(8)：10-15
[175]王伟,管毅平,翟海青等.电能现货拍卖交易中企业间默契合谋行为分析[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(23)：15-18
[176]于立宏,郁义鸿.纵向结构特性与电煤价格形成机制[J].中国工业经济,2010,(3)：65-75