考虑液体晃动的三大件转向架罐车耦合系统动力学性能研究
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摘要
三大件转向架由于其结构简单、安全和易操作性、较低的造价、维修费用和能耗以及较长的使用寿命等优点,在其长达60多年的使用过程中在许多国家的转向架中占有大量的比例。但是该转向架也具有明显的缺点,较低的临界速度、较大的轮轨载荷和磨耗问题都制约了该转向架的进一步发展。随着铁路事业的蓬勃发展,我国目前大量应用的三大件式转向架货车在运用中所出现的问题已经不能满足客货车提速的要求了。
罐车由于所运输货物的特殊性,以前常规的铁道车辆多刚体系统动力学的研究方法已不能完全解决液体晃动的耦合问题。非线性动力学、液固耦合系统动力学和计算机水平的飞速发展也为研究铁路罐车液固耦合系统的非线性动力学问题提供了理论基础和可能性。
本文结合多刚体系统动力学和液固耦合系统动力学的相关知识,研究了平放圆柱形罐体内液体的力学形态。分析了液体在晃动时的力学特性,利用Hamilton原理和Ritz方法求解了液体晃动的固有频率和模态,并根据等效原则建立了罐体内液体晃动的弹簧质量块等效力学模型。以同样的方法给出了一长方形贮箱的计算结果并与其解析解进行了对比以验证本文方法的有效性和准确性。结果表明,采用前三阶模态已经可以很好的等效液体晃动的作用效果。
建立了考虑液体晃动的三大件转向架罐车的通用非线性数学模型,该模型适用于对常规三大件转向架、迫导向径向转向架、自导向径向转向架、侧架交叉支撑转向架和考虑(或不考虑)液体货物晃动的铁路罐车动力学性能进行仿真分析。模型中充分考虑了各种非线性因素,包括轮轨接触几何非线性、轮轨相互作用力的非线性和转向架抗菱刚度、随速度变化的干摩擦阻尼等各种货车悬挂元件的非线性。
运用直接数值积分方法研究了车辆系统的运动稳定性、曲线通过和运行平稳性,并分别对转向架的几个基本参数和各种机构的机构参数以及液体晃动对车辆系统动力学性能的影响进行了分析对比。对车辆系统在直线上失稳
The three-piece bogie has been running for about sixty years on the tracks of North America, South Africa, China and other countries. Without doubt, the significant advantages of the bogie are due to the very simple structure, safe and reliable operation, low price and maintenance costs, long service life and low energy consumption. Although some new radial steering bogies have been developed for the freight vehicles and other types used in many counties, the family of three-piece bogie still shares large market in the world. That is not to say this type of railway vehicles has no disadvantages, on the contrary, its lower critical speed on straight track, the high dynamic track loads, the performance relying on the state of wear strongly influence its dynamical performances. Along with the flourish development of railways, the lower speed and wear problems have restricted the development of the three-piece bogie, and this traditional type of bogie has not suited the requirement of increasing railway transportation speed in China.Because of the sloshing of the liquid cargo carried by railway tank car, the conventional multi-body system dynamics methods can't solve the liquid-solid coupling problem entirely. The rapid development of the nonlinear dynamics, liquid-solid coupling system dynamics, computer science and computational mathematics have provided necessary theories and feasibility to study the nonlinear liquid-solid coupling system dynamics of railway tank cars.In this dissertation, with the help of multi-body system dynamics and liquid-solid coupling system dynamics, the mechanical characteristics of sloshing liquid for cylindrical tank in horizontal state is investigated. The mechanic feature of sloshing liquid is analysed, as well as the eigen program of liquid sloshing with a free surface is calculated by means of Hamilton variational principles and Ritz method. According to the strict equivalent principle, the equivalent mass-spring mechanic model is established to study the liquid sloshing problems. At the same time, the result of a simple rectangle tank with a free liquid surface calculated by given method is compared with the accurate analytic solution to verify the validity and veracity of the method given in this dissertation.
罐车由于所运输货物的特殊性,以前常规的铁道车辆多刚体系统动力学的研究方法已不能完全解决液体晃动的耦合问题。非线性动力学、液固耦合系统动力学和计算机水平的飞速发展也为研究铁路罐车液固耦合系统的非线性动力学问题提供了理论基础和可能性。
本文结合多刚体系统动力学和液固耦合系统动力学的相关知识,研究了平放圆柱形罐体内液体的力学形态。分析了液体在晃动时的力学特性,利用Hamilton原理和Ritz方法求解了液体晃动的固有频率和模态,并根据等效原则建立了罐体内液体晃动的弹簧质量块等效力学模型。以同样的方法给出了一长方形贮箱的计算结果并与其解析解进行了对比以验证本文方法的有效性和准确性。结果表明,采用前三阶模态已经可以很好的等效液体晃动的作用效果。
建立了考虑液体晃动的三大件转向架罐车的通用非线性数学模型,该模型适用于对常规三大件转向架、迫导向径向转向架、自导向径向转向架、侧架交叉支撑转向架和考虑(或不考虑)液体货物晃动的铁路罐车动力学性能进行仿真分析。模型中充分考虑了各种非线性因素,包括轮轨接触几何非线性、轮轨相互作用力的非线性和转向架抗菱刚度、随速度变化的干摩擦阻尼等各种货车悬挂元件的非线性。
运用直接数值积分方法研究了车辆系统的运动稳定性、曲线通过和运行平稳性,并分别对转向架的几个基本参数和各种机构的机构参数以及液体晃动对车辆系统动力学性能的影响进行了分析对比。对车辆系统在直线上失稳
The three-piece bogie has been running for about sixty years on the tracks of North America, South Africa, China and other countries. Without doubt, the significant advantages of the bogie are due to the very simple structure, safe and reliable operation, low price and maintenance costs, long service life and low energy consumption. Although some new radial steering bogies have been developed for the freight vehicles and other types used in many counties, the family of three-piece bogie still shares large market in the world. That is not to say this type of railway vehicles has no disadvantages, on the contrary, its lower critical speed on straight track, the high dynamic track loads, the performance relying on the state of wear strongly influence its dynamical performances. Along with the flourish development of railways, the lower speed and wear problems have restricted the development of the three-piece bogie, and this traditional type of bogie has not suited the requirement of increasing railway transportation speed in China.Because of the sloshing of the liquid cargo carried by railway tank car, the conventional multi-body system dynamics methods can't solve the liquid-solid coupling problem entirely. The rapid development of the nonlinear dynamics, liquid-solid coupling system dynamics, computer science and computational mathematics have provided necessary theories and feasibility to study the nonlinear liquid-solid coupling system dynamics of railway tank cars.In this dissertation, with the help of multi-body system dynamics and liquid-solid coupling system dynamics, the mechanical characteristics of sloshing liquid for cylindrical tank in horizontal state is investigated. The mechanic feature of sloshing liquid is analysed, as well as the eigen program of liquid sloshing with a free surface is calculated by means of Hamilton variational principles and Ritz method. According to the strict equivalent principle, the equivalent mass-spring mechanic model is established to study the liquid sloshing problems. At the same time, the result of a simple rectangle tank with a free liquid surface calculated by given method is compared with the accurate analytic solution to verify the validity and veracity of the method given in this dissertation.
引文
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