面向原居安老的城市老年友好社区规划策略研究
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摘要
人口老龄化和城市化是二十一世纪两大显著趋势，也是政府和社会面临的重大挑战。在老龄化社会的到来及快速发展、世界卫生组织提出老年友好城市建设框架和老年居住及长期照护供需矛盾日益深化的背景下，论文综合社会、人口、生理、心理、行为、建筑、规划等多学科的知识，将老年社会学与社区规划内容相结合，研究面向原居安老的城市老年友好社区规划策略具有重要的理论和现实意义。这有利于完善城市老年居住研究理论体系，以及完善城市规划研究中“需求—规划”、“社会—空间”关联方法的认知；可以推进老年友好城市在社区层面的规划建设；也有助于老年人更加友好和谐地与其他年龄群体共处，促进社会融合；老年友好社区规划策略还可以更具体地从社区层面完善城市规划应对老龄化社会的调控机制，满足老年人的居住需求，实现社会公平。
论文首先探讨了老年社会学、人与环境、精明增长、社区规划等相关理论及其对本次研究的指导意义，然后就境内外城市老年居住模式及老年友好社区的研究与实践进行回顾和梳理，通过国际比较，提出原居安老模式应成为中国未来老年人的主要居住模式，以及应从老年人的需求出发，结合中国国情，构建能同时满足物质性和社会性设施及服务的老年友好社区，从而建立原居安老模式与老年友好社区规划建设的互动关系。同时，基于“需求—规划”研究主线，论文对原居安老模式下老年人需求特性进行分析，并结合调研内容构建了满足老年人不同需求的,包括社会支持、物质环境支持、政策支持、信息技术支持等内容的老年友好社区支持体系，以及基于社区支持体系的老年友好社区规划内容体系。论文提出了包含住房、健康与安全、老年文化、老年服务体系、年龄融合等规划内容的老年友好社区社会服务规划策略；以及包含土地使用、居住单元、友好开放空间、友好交通环境、老年服务设施、旧社区适老改造等规划内容的老年友好社区物质环境规划策略。为了让老年友好社区的社会服务规划和物质环境规划更好地融合，以满足老年人多元化需求，老年友好社区规划的整合与调控策略通过规划整合、主体利益调控、促进政策和措施等内容，促进规划从社会服务目标到空间资源配置的全过程落实。论文结论部分总结了本文的基本观点，并指出本研究可以从老年人需求的差异、地区城市的不同、迁移机制、居住满意度、评估体系等视角和内容进行更深一步的研究。
Aging and urbanization is significant trend in the21st century. In the context of thecoming of aging society and the fast development, the aging friendly city frameworkproposed by WHO and contradiction between supply and demand of elderly living andlong-term care, this dissertation has great significance that synthesize multi-subjectknowledge like sociology, demography, physiology, psychology, behavior, architecture,urban planning, etc, combine the content of geriatric sociology and community planning, andstudy planning strategy of city aging friendly community based on aging in place. Which ishelpful to improve urban elderly residential theory system and cognitive studies of "demand-planning","social-space" correlation method in urban planning, and promote planning andconstruction of aging friendly city at the level of community, which is also help the elderlylive together with other age groups more friendly and harmoniously; aging friendlycommunity planning strategy can also improve urban planning regulatory mechanism to replyaging society on the community level, so as to meet elderly residential demands and realizesocial equity.
This dissertation primarily discusses related basic theories, and propose guidingsignificance for research from that theories. After that, this dissertation reviews the overseasand domestic research and practice about the elderly residential mode and aging friendlycommunity, and propose that aging in place should be the main residential mode and establishaging friendly community with physical and social facilities and service based on demands ofelderly in china in the future through the international comparison. Meanwhile, based onresearch method of "demand-planning" and elderly demand characteristics were analyzed,the dissertation constructing aging friendly community support system to meet the differentneeds of the elderly, including the social support, material support environment, policysupport, information technology support, etc, and aging friendly community planning contentsystem based on the system of community support system. This dissertation propose elderlycommunity social planning strategy including community housing planning, communityhealth and safety planning, community elderly cultural planning, community elderly servicesystem planning, age fusion planning; and aging friendly community physical environmentplanning strategy including community land use planning, community dwelling unit planning,community friendly and open space planning, community friendly traffic environmentalplanning, community elderly service facilities planning, community renovation suitable forthe elderly. In order to integrate social economic planning and material environmental planning of aging friendly community, through planning coordination, interests regulation,promotion of the policies and measures, this dissertation promote planning implementationfrom social goal to space resource allocation in the whole process. The conclusion of thisdissertation summarizes the basic view, and points out that this research can do further studiesfrom some perspective like the difference of elderly demand, the difference of region,migration mechanism, residential satisfaction, evaluation system.
论文首先探讨了老年社会学、人与环境、精明增长、社区规划等相关理论及其对本次研究的指导意义，然后就境内外城市老年居住模式及老年友好社区的研究与实践进行回顾和梳理，通过国际比较，提出原居安老模式应成为中国未来老年人的主要居住模式，以及应从老年人的需求出发，结合中国国情，构建能同时满足物质性和社会性设施及服务的老年友好社区，从而建立原居安老模式与老年友好社区规划建设的互动关系。同时，基于“需求—规划”研究主线，论文对原居安老模式下老年人需求特性进行分析，并结合调研内容构建了满足老年人不同需求的,包括社会支持、物质环境支持、政策支持、信息技术支持等内容的老年友好社区支持体系，以及基于社区支持体系的老年友好社区规划内容体系。论文提出了包含住房、健康与安全、老年文化、老年服务体系、年龄融合等规划内容的老年友好社区社会服务规划策略；以及包含土地使用、居住单元、友好开放空间、友好交通环境、老年服务设施、旧社区适老改造等规划内容的老年友好社区物质环境规划策略。为了让老年友好社区的社会服务规划和物质环境规划更好地融合，以满足老年人多元化需求，老年友好社区规划的整合与调控策略通过规划整合、主体利益调控、促进政策和措施等内容，促进规划从社会服务目标到空间资源配置的全过程落实。论文结论部分总结了本文的基本观点，并指出本研究可以从老年人需求的差异、地区城市的不同、迁移机制、居住满意度、评估体系等视角和内容进行更深一步的研究。
Aging and urbanization is significant trend in the21st century. In the context of thecoming of aging society and the fast development, the aging friendly city frameworkproposed by WHO and contradiction between supply and demand of elderly living andlong-term care, this dissertation has great significance that synthesize multi-subjectknowledge like sociology, demography, physiology, psychology, behavior, architecture,urban planning, etc, combine the content of geriatric sociology and community planning, andstudy planning strategy of city aging friendly community based on aging in place. Which ishelpful to improve urban elderly residential theory system and cognitive studies of "demand-planning","social-space" correlation method in urban planning, and promote planning andconstruction of aging friendly city at the level of community, which is also help the elderlylive together with other age groups more friendly and harmoniously; aging friendlycommunity planning strategy can also improve urban planning regulatory mechanism to replyaging society on the community level, so as to meet elderly residential demands and realizesocial equity.
This dissertation primarily discusses related basic theories, and propose guidingsignificance for research from that theories. After that, this dissertation reviews the overseasand domestic research and practice about the elderly residential mode and aging friendlycommunity, and propose that aging in place should be the main residential mode and establishaging friendly community with physical and social facilities and service based on demands ofelderly in china in the future through the international comparison. Meanwhile, based onresearch method of "demand-planning" and elderly demand characteristics were analyzed,the dissertation constructing aging friendly community support system to meet the differentneeds of the elderly, including the social support, material support environment, policysupport, information technology support, etc, and aging friendly community planning contentsystem based on the system of community support system. This dissertation propose elderlycommunity social planning strategy including community housing planning, communityhealth and safety planning, community elderly cultural planning, community elderly servicesystem planning, age fusion planning; and aging friendly community physical environmentplanning strategy including community land use planning, community dwelling unit planning,community friendly and open space planning, community friendly traffic environmentalplanning, community elderly service facilities planning, community renovation suitable forthe elderly. In order to integrate social economic planning and material environmental planning of aging friendly community, through planning coordination, interests regulation,promotion of the policies and measures, this dissertation promote planning implementationfrom social goal to space resource allocation in the whole process. The conclusion of thisdissertation summarizes the basic view, and points out that this research can do further studiesfrom some perspective like the difference of elderly demand, the difference of region,migration mechanism, residential satisfaction, evaluation system.
引文
7吴良镛将人居环境科学范围分为全球、区域、城市、社区（村镇）、建筑等五大层次，见：吴良镛.人居环境科学导论[M]北京：中国建筑工业出版社.2001:50。本文主要是基于社区层次的研究。
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