内蒙古锡林浩特地区古生代岩浆作用的年代学与地球化学研究
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摘要
锡林浩特地区大地构造位置上处在中亚造山带东段,夹持于西伯利亚板块、华北板块和太平洋板块之间。北部以贺根山为界与西伯利亚板块相邻,南部以西拉木伦河断裂为界和华北板块相邻,向东延伸以中锡霍特俯冲带为界濒临太平洋板块。这里是世界上元古代-显生宙陆壳增生最显著的地区之一,通过多阶段的地质演化和强烈的大陆改造过程,具有复杂多样的地壳物质组成和结构构造,是研究大陆动力学演化的最佳场所。
带内的锡林浩特地区位于著名的东乌旗贺根山蛇绿岩带与西拉木伦断裂带之间,经历了古亚洲洋板块的俯冲,陆-陆碰撞造山及碰撞之后的伸展张裂,形成了大量不同构造环境下的岩浆岩岩石组合,这些岩石组合记录了古亚洲洋的构造演化历史。本论文在分析讨论锡林浩特地区1比25万和1比5万两轮区域地质调查过程中所获得的大量野外资料及测试数据基础上,通过对锡林浩特地区古生代-早中生代的岩浆岩构造组合的研究,结合前人对区域地层学、古生物学、构造地质学等方面的研究成果,建立锡林浩特地区的构造演化序列,进而讨论古亚洲洋的地质构造演化发展。
区域岩浆岩年代学格架的建立是讨论区域地质构造演化的基础,本文利用锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb法及锆石SHRIMP法测年,获得了锡林浩特及其周边的古生代包尔汉图群哈拉组(411±6Ma)、中生代哈尔哈达组(241±14Ma)2个火山岩单元年龄数据及塔布代买卖花岗闪长岩单元、温都日德勒灰白色粒花岗闪长岩单元(252±2Ma)、锡林浩特水库北细粒闪长岩单元(275±2Ma)、博仁敖包灰白色花岗闪长岩单元(288±2Ma)、代托吉卡山灰白色花岗闪长岩单元(318±1Ma)、通讯连牧场灰白色中粒辉长岩单元(320±2Ma)、鹰头沟灰白色黑云二长花岗岩单元(323±2Ma)、阿利嘎吐乌拉肉红色钾长花岗岩单元(330±2Ma)、锡热图单元电气石二云母花岗岩单元(458±1Ma)共9个典型侵入岩的14个年龄数据。
早石炭世晚期的花岗岩S.I.A型组合,具有陆陆碰撞后的后造山花岗岩的特征。其中钾长花岗岩的微量元素显示其具有A2型花岗岩特征。此外,从钾长花岗岩(C1ξγ,330Ma)、二长花岗岩(C1ηγ,323Ma)、辉长岩(C1v,320Ma)、花岗闪长岩(C1γδ,318Ma)的岩石组合可以看出,具有A2型花岗岩特征的钾长花岗岩及后期的辉长岩代表了在碰撞造山过程中局部存在的拉张环境或时期侵入形成的岩体,即代表了形成过程内拉张到挤压的地质过程,早期较为缓和,晚期加剧的特征,使得晚期花岗闪长岩发育面积最大为特征,反映出陆陆碰撞的相对强烈。
从早石炭世晚期-晚石炭世的碰撞过渡环境到早二叠世的花岗闪长岩侵入过程,也是其间的小洋盆逐步闭合、隆升的过程。二叠世的花岗闪长岩从其总体的化学组成来看,与典型的Ⅰ型花岗岩相似。更晚一些,同时也是研究较为透彻的大石寨组火山岩应是弧后伸展的产物,产于弧后盆地环境。
结合近年来前人所发表的年代学和地球化学资料,本文将锡林浩特地区古生代-早中生代构造岩浆活动划分为以下两个阶段：1、加里东岛弧对接阶段(O-S)；2、海西-印支再生洋盆发育阶段(C-T)。在此基础上,探讨锡林浩特地区古生代以来的大地构造演化。
中、晚寒武世(加里东阶段)为西伯利亚古陆和华北古陆之间的古亚洲洋主要扩张期。早古生代(奥陶纪-志留纪)扩张与俯冲并存,古亚洲洋开始分别向北部的锡林浩特微陆块和南部的双井微陆块双向俯冲,更北的大洋分别俯冲到锡林浩特地块和蒙古陆块之下。元古代随着俯冲作用的加剧,使锡林浩特微陆块之南的大洋消失成为造山带,在锡林浩特微陆块南缘及林西柯单山之间形成地域成为对接区,对接区内构造非常复杂,发育属岛弧沉积的奥陶纪岛弧钙碱性系列火山岩系,岛弧带呈东西向展布,并伴生有加里东期的基性超基性岩体和花岗质岩体侵入发育。从期间侵位的电气石二云母花岗岩中获得了大量的新元古代-寒武纪的残留锆石年龄火山岛弧南侧为弧后边缘盆地,形成了志留纪徐尼乌苏组复理石沉积和西别河组具磨拉石建造特征的盖层沉积。
石炭纪-三叠纪为再生洋盆的演化阶段。加里东运动(O-S)使区域上隆起成山,遭受剥蚀风化夷平,整个区域不仅普遍缺失D-C,早期沉积和岩浆活动(锡林浩特还缺失C2沉积)。在锡林浩特以北乌什尼黑蛇绿岩分布区见到了晚石炭世格根熬包组陆相碎屑岩不整合在蛇绿岩之上。同时,在苏尼特左旗一带再次裂开并接受沉积。此时的原锡林浩特岛弧由于断裂作用而具有水下隆起性质,对沉积作用有一定的控制：早期(C2)在隆起以北先下陷,接受C2沉积；后期(P-T2)在隆起以南强烈拗陷,这一阶段也是全区开裂强度最大,裂陷最深的时期,沉积厚度很大。本区海西期和印支期岩浆活动比较强烈,特别是沿西拉木伦河断裂带和锡林浩特复背斜核部更为集中。由早石炭世末陆-陆碰撞后的造山环境岩浆岩组合、早二叠世的具大陆弧环境特征的花岗岩组合及早三叠世的过铝质花岗岩组合组成。其中早石炭世A型花岗岩应为造山过程中拉伸背景的产物,而具双峰式火山岩特征大石寨组火山岩中发现有岛弧拉斑玄武岩与洋脊拉斑玄武岩过渡性质的细碧岩,表明自早二叠纪开始,锡林浩特地区义一次洋盆再次打开的过程甚至达到洋壳的形成。在豁子梁-旧砖窑四合农场羊队一带,新厘定出的二叠纪辉绿岩墙群也为海西-印支再生洋盆裂陷作用提供了证据。二叠纪末到早三叠世,I-S型花岗岩组合标志着小洋盆闭合成陆,该阶段演化结束。
中亚造山带是前寒武纪古老陆块、古生代岛弧、蛇绿岩套残片等地体组成的复合型增生造山带,以岛弧杂岩体侧向拼贴和地幔物质底垫为主要增生方式,中亚造山带经历了复杂的地壳增生过程,成为显生宙地壳增生最显著的地区。本文通过对锡林浩特地区古生代岩浆作用与构造演化关系的研究,发现古生代是中亚造山带大陆地壳增生的重要时期。在构造岩浆演化的不同阶段增生方式也有所不同,加里东期可能为岛弧杂岩体拼贴的侧向增生,石炭纪-早二叠世则以地幔物质的底侵或底垫的垂向增生为主,早三叠世则以侧向增生为主。即使是在同一时代,处于不同构造位置的地区增生方式也有所不同,早二叠世在南部林西地区主要以垂向增生为主,而锡林浩特地区则继续以侧向增生为主。锡林浩特地区的地壳增生是一个多阶段多旋回的过程,贯穿于整个中亚造山带发展演化过程。
The Xilinhot is located in the eastern section of Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) that separates the Siberia Craton to the North from the Tarim and North China Cratons to the South. This region is adjacent to Siberia Plate by Mongolia-Okhotsk suture belt to the west and north, adjacent to North China Plate by Xar Moron River suture belt to the south. Subduction of oceanic lithosphere and accretion of different paleo-microcontinents resulted in closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean between the Siberia and North China Cratons in the area. CAOB is one of the regions that underwent significant Proterozoic-Phanerozoic continental crust growth in the world. With multi-stage geological evolution and strong reconstruction, the crust has complicated substance composition, texture and structure, and which is the ideal region for the research on dynamic evolution of continental lithosphere.
Magmatism is the product of the movement of upper mantle of deep crust on the surface orshallow crust of the earth, which recorded abundant information of the evolution of crust and mantle and their interaction in geological history. Igneous petrotectonic assemblage or series is one of the important research contents to retrieve paleo-tectonic environment and discuss geodynamic processes of lithosphere. Based on analysis lots of field and test data from1:250000and1:50000geological survey programs in Xilinhot area, and researching on Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic igneous petrotectonic assemblage combined with previous research achievements in regional stratigraphy paleontology and tectonic geology, we attempt to reconstruct the tectonic framework of Xilinhot area and unravel the process of the closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean.
The accurate geochronology frameworks of the magmatic rocks are the basic for the further researches on the evolution of regional tectonic environment. In this paper, we obtain14zircon U-Pb ages of9intrusive rock as Tabudaimaimai granodiorite formation (231±7Ma), Wendurodele granodiorite formation (252±2Ma), Xilinhot reservoir diorite formation (275±2Ma), BoRen aobao granodiorite formation (288.2±1.8Ma), Dituojika mountain granodiorite formation (318±1Ma), Tongxunlian field gabbro formation (320±2Ma), Yintougou biotite adamellite formation (323±2Ma), Aligatuwula moyite formation (330±2Ma), Xiretu gneissose tourmaline two-mica granite formation (458±1Ma); and2zircon U-Pb ages of volcanic rock for Hala formation (411±6Ma) in Paleozoic Baoerhantu group and Mesozoic Harhada formation (241±14Ma).
During the late stage of early carboniferous, the S.I.A type granite assemblage formed with features of postorogenic granite after continent-continent collision; Including the trace elements of the moyite shows the geochemical characteristics of A type granite. As the invasion sequence of moyite-monzonitic granite-gabbro-granodiorite, the A type moyite and the later gabbro are formed in the extensional environment of collision post-orogenesis. A process of extension-(6Ma)-compression-(5Ma)-extension-(1Ma)-compression during orogenesis, with a long interval at early and shorter at later, which made the later granodiorite have the largest emergence area as the later extensive collision.
As the environment of collision post-orogenesis during late stage of early carboniferous to late carboniferous changed into the emplacement of granodiorite during early Permian, the small oceanic basin disappeared and uplift by step. The geochemical characteristics of granodiorite emplaced in Permian is similar to the composition of I-type granite。The volcanic rock from Dashizhai group, which has been well researched, might formed in an extensional environment from back-arc.
Combined with the geochronology and geochemistry information published recently, we divided the tectonic-magmatic activities during Paleozoic and early Mesozoic into two major periods:1. Stage of the island arc junction in Caledonian (from Ordovician to Silurian);2. Stage of the development of regenerated oceanic basin during Hercynian and Indosinian (from Carboniferous to Triassic). Based this division, the tectonic evolution since Paleozoic in Xilinhot area would be discussed.
During middle-late Cambrian (stage of Caledonian), the Paleo-Asian ocean reached main extension between Siberia antient land and North China antient land. As the expansion and subduction is coexistence during the early Paleozoic (from Ordovician to Silurian), the Paleo-Asian ocean once underwent the subduction in two directions:northward subduction to the Xilinhot micro blocks and southward subduction to the Shuangjing micro blocks. The northern ocean take the subduction to the Xilinhot micro blocks and the Mongolia plate. Continued subduction of the oceanic crust finally resulted in disappearance of the ocean at the southern of the Xilinhot micro blocks and collision between the accretion zones of the Kedan Mountain and the southern margin of the Xilinhot micro blocks. The complex collision suture zone is was found from west to east, which is consisted of Ordovician volcanic rocks belongs to island arc calc-alkaline series, associated with Caledonian basic-ultrabasic rock and granite. the associated tourmaline two-mica granite shows lots of zicon ages during the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian period. The back arc basin deposited Xuniwusu group of flysch sediments and Xibiehe group of Molasse formation as sedimentary cover during the Silurian in southern margin of the volcanic island arc.
Permian-Triassic represents the evolution of revived oceanic basin. Caledonian movement caused the uplifting, which then be eroded and lead to a hiatus in early D-C1sedimentary and magmatism (C2sediments are lost in Xilinhot). In the Wusinihei ophiolites, north of Xilinhot, the late Carboniferous continental clastic rocks of Gegenaobao formation overlay on the ophiolites unconformably. Meanwhile, Sonid Left Banner rifted again and began to deposit. Proto Xilinhot arc then show the characteristics of underwater uplifting due to rifting, and have some constrains on the sedimentary:in early-stage (C2), north of the swelling sink and accept the C2sediments; while in late-stage (P-T2) the south of the swelling depressed, which is the strongest and deepest rupture in this region, it accepted the P-T sediments and the sedimentary thickness is quite great. Hercynian and Indosinian magmatisms in this region are strong and especially focused along the Xilamulun fault and core of Xilinhot anticlinorium. They are consists of early-Carboniferous post-collisional orogenic igneous rocks, early-Permian granites with continental arc characteristics and early-Triassic peraluminous granites. The early-Carboniferous A-type granites might be produced in the extension background during orogenic process, e.g. spilite with the transitional characters between arc and mid-oceanic ridge tholeiites have been found in the Dazhai bimodal lavas, indicating that the oceanic basin open again and even produced the oceanic crust in Xilinhot since early-Permian. The Permian diabase dyke found in the Huoziliang-Jiuzhuanyao Sihe farm also give evidence to the Hercynian-Indosinian depression of revive oceanic basin. Late-Permian to early-Triassic, I type>S type granites suggest the closure of oceanic basin and the termination of this stage.
The Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) is a complex accretionary orgrnic belt composed of Precambrian micro-continental blocks, ancient island arcs and ophiolites, which grow by lateral accretion of arc complex and vertical mantle materials underplating. The CAOB experienced complex crustal growth and celebrated for its massive juvenile crustal production in the Phanerozoic. In this paper, we studied the relationship between the Paleozoic magmatisms in Xilinhot and tectonic evolution, and found that the Paleozoic is the important period of crustal growth in CAOB. The accretionary mechanisms are different during different tectonic-magmatic evolutionary stage: lateral accretion of arc complex in Caledonian, vertical mantle materials underplating in Carboniferous to early-Permian, and the lateral accretion is dominantly in early-Triassic. Even at the same times, the acctrtionary ways in different tectonic background have some differences:during early-Permian period, it is dominated by vertical accretion in southern Linxi region, while the lateral accretion is dominantly in Xilinhot. Crustal growth in Xilinhot is a multi-stage and multi-cycle process, which is throughout the whole stage of CAOB evolution.
带内的锡林浩特地区位于著名的东乌旗贺根山蛇绿岩带与西拉木伦断裂带之间,经历了古亚洲洋板块的俯冲,陆-陆碰撞造山及碰撞之后的伸展张裂,形成了大量不同构造环境下的岩浆岩岩石组合,这些岩石组合记录了古亚洲洋的构造演化历史。本论文在分析讨论锡林浩特地区1比25万和1比5万两轮区域地质调查过程中所获得的大量野外资料及测试数据基础上,通过对锡林浩特地区古生代-早中生代的岩浆岩构造组合的研究,结合前人对区域地层学、古生物学、构造地质学等方面的研究成果,建立锡林浩特地区的构造演化序列,进而讨论古亚洲洋的地质构造演化发展。
区域岩浆岩年代学格架的建立是讨论区域地质构造演化的基础,本文利用锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb法及锆石SHRIMP法测年,获得了锡林浩特及其周边的古生代包尔汉图群哈拉组(411±6Ma)、中生代哈尔哈达组(241±14Ma)2个火山岩单元年龄数据及塔布代买卖花岗闪长岩单元、温都日德勒灰白色粒花岗闪长岩单元(252±2Ma)、锡林浩特水库北细粒闪长岩单元(275±2Ma)、博仁敖包灰白色花岗闪长岩单元(288±2Ma)、代托吉卡山灰白色花岗闪长岩单元(318±1Ma)、通讯连牧场灰白色中粒辉长岩单元(320±2Ma)、鹰头沟灰白色黑云二长花岗岩单元(323±2Ma)、阿利嘎吐乌拉肉红色钾长花岗岩单元(330±2Ma)、锡热图单元电气石二云母花岗岩单元(458±1Ma)共9个典型侵入岩的14个年龄数据。
早石炭世晚期的花岗岩S.I.A型组合,具有陆陆碰撞后的后造山花岗岩的特征。其中钾长花岗岩的微量元素显示其具有A2型花岗岩特征。此外,从钾长花岗岩(C1ξγ,330Ma)、二长花岗岩(C1ηγ,323Ma)、辉长岩(C1v,320Ma)、花岗闪长岩(C1γδ,318Ma)的岩石组合可以看出,具有A2型花岗岩特征的钾长花岗岩及后期的辉长岩代表了在碰撞造山过程中局部存在的拉张环境或时期侵入形成的岩体,即代表了形成过程内拉张到挤压的地质过程,早期较为缓和,晚期加剧的特征,使得晚期花岗闪长岩发育面积最大为特征,反映出陆陆碰撞的相对强烈。
从早石炭世晚期-晚石炭世的碰撞过渡环境到早二叠世的花岗闪长岩侵入过程,也是其间的小洋盆逐步闭合、隆升的过程。二叠世的花岗闪长岩从其总体的化学组成来看,与典型的Ⅰ型花岗岩相似。更晚一些,同时也是研究较为透彻的大石寨组火山岩应是弧后伸展的产物,产于弧后盆地环境。
结合近年来前人所发表的年代学和地球化学资料,本文将锡林浩特地区古生代-早中生代构造岩浆活动划分为以下两个阶段：1、加里东岛弧对接阶段(O-S)；2、海西-印支再生洋盆发育阶段(C-T)。在此基础上,探讨锡林浩特地区古生代以来的大地构造演化。
中、晚寒武世(加里东阶段)为西伯利亚古陆和华北古陆之间的古亚洲洋主要扩张期。早古生代(奥陶纪-志留纪)扩张与俯冲并存,古亚洲洋开始分别向北部的锡林浩特微陆块和南部的双井微陆块双向俯冲,更北的大洋分别俯冲到锡林浩特地块和蒙古陆块之下。元古代随着俯冲作用的加剧,使锡林浩特微陆块之南的大洋消失成为造山带,在锡林浩特微陆块南缘及林西柯单山之间形成地域成为对接区,对接区内构造非常复杂,发育属岛弧沉积的奥陶纪岛弧钙碱性系列火山岩系,岛弧带呈东西向展布,并伴生有加里东期的基性超基性岩体和花岗质岩体侵入发育。从期间侵位的电气石二云母花岗岩中获得了大量的新元古代-寒武纪的残留锆石年龄火山岛弧南侧为弧后边缘盆地,形成了志留纪徐尼乌苏组复理石沉积和西别河组具磨拉石建造特征的盖层沉积。
石炭纪-三叠纪为再生洋盆的演化阶段。加里东运动(O-S)使区域上隆起成山,遭受剥蚀风化夷平,整个区域不仅普遍缺失D-C,早期沉积和岩浆活动(锡林浩特还缺失C2沉积)。在锡林浩特以北乌什尼黑蛇绿岩分布区见到了晚石炭世格根熬包组陆相碎屑岩不整合在蛇绿岩之上。同时,在苏尼特左旗一带再次裂开并接受沉积。此时的原锡林浩特岛弧由于断裂作用而具有水下隆起性质,对沉积作用有一定的控制：早期(C2)在隆起以北先下陷,接受C2沉积；后期(P-T2)在隆起以南强烈拗陷,这一阶段也是全区开裂强度最大,裂陷最深的时期,沉积厚度很大。本区海西期和印支期岩浆活动比较强烈,特别是沿西拉木伦河断裂带和锡林浩特复背斜核部更为集中。由早石炭世末陆-陆碰撞后的造山环境岩浆岩组合、早二叠世的具大陆弧环境特征的花岗岩组合及早三叠世的过铝质花岗岩组合组成。其中早石炭世A型花岗岩应为造山过程中拉伸背景的产物,而具双峰式火山岩特征大石寨组火山岩中发现有岛弧拉斑玄武岩与洋脊拉斑玄武岩过渡性质的细碧岩,表明自早二叠纪开始,锡林浩特地区义一次洋盆再次打开的过程甚至达到洋壳的形成。在豁子梁-旧砖窑四合农场羊队一带,新厘定出的二叠纪辉绿岩墙群也为海西-印支再生洋盆裂陷作用提供了证据。二叠纪末到早三叠世,I-S型花岗岩组合标志着小洋盆闭合成陆,该阶段演化结束。
中亚造山带是前寒武纪古老陆块、古生代岛弧、蛇绿岩套残片等地体组成的复合型增生造山带,以岛弧杂岩体侧向拼贴和地幔物质底垫为主要增生方式,中亚造山带经历了复杂的地壳增生过程,成为显生宙地壳增生最显著的地区。本文通过对锡林浩特地区古生代岩浆作用与构造演化关系的研究,发现古生代是中亚造山带大陆地壳增生的重要时期。在构造岩浆演化的不同阶段增生方式也有所不同,加里东期可能为岛弧杂岩体拼贴的侧向增生,石炭纪-早二叠世则以地幔物质的底侵或底垫的垂向增生为主,早三叠世则以侧向增生为主。即使是在同一时代,处于不同构造位置的地区增生方式也有所不同,早二叠世在南部林西地区主要以垂向增生为主,而锡林浩特地区则继续以侧向增生为主。锡林浩特地区的地壳增生是一个多阶段多旋回的过程,贯穿于整个中亚造山带发展演化过程。
The Xilinhot is located in the eastern section of Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) that separates the Siberia Craton to the North from the Tarim and North China Cratons to the South. This region is adjacent to Siberia Plate by Mongolia-Okhotsk suture belt to the west and north, adjacent to North China Plate by Xar Moron River suture belt to the south. Subduction of oceanic lithosphere and accretion of different paleo-microcontinents resulted in closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean between the Siberia and North China Cratons in the area. CAOB is one of the regions that underwent significant Proterozoic-Phanerozoic continental crust growth in the world. With multi-stage geological evolution and strong reconstruction, the crust has complicated substance composition, texture and structure, and which is the ideal region for the research on dynamic evolution of continental lithosphere.
Magmatism is the product of the movement of upper mantle of deep crust on the surface orshallow crust of the earth, which recorded abundant information of the evolution of crust and mantle and their interaction in geological history. Igneous petrotectonic assemblage or series is one of the important research contents to retrieve paleo-tectonic environment and discuss geodynamic processes of lithosphere. Based on analysis lots of field and test data from1:250000and1:50000geological survey programs in Xilinhot area, and researching on Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic igneous petrotectonic assemblage combined with previous research achievements in regional stratigraphy paleontology and tectonic geology, we attempt to reconstruct the tectonic framework of Xilinhot area and unravel the process of the closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean.
The accurate geochronology frameworks of the magmatic rocks are the basic for the further researches on the evolution of regional tectonic environment. In this paper, we obtain14zircon U-Pb ages of9intrusive rock as Tabudaimaimai granodiorite formation (231±7Ma), Wendurodele granodiorite formation (252±2Ma), Xilinhot reservoir diorite formation (275±2Ma), BoRen aobao granodiorite formation (288.2±1.8Ma), Dituojika mountain granodiorite formation (318±1Ma), Tongxunlian field gabbro formation (320±2Ma), Yintougou biotite adamellite formation (323±2Ma), Aligatuwula moyite formation (330±2Ma), Xiretu gneissose tourmaline two-mica granite formation (458±1Ma); and2zircon U-Pb ages of volcanic rock for Hala formation (411±6Ma) in Paleozoic Baoerhantu group and Mesozoic Harhada formation (241±14Ma).
During the late stage of early carboniferous, the S.I.A type granite assemblage formed with features of postorogenic granite after continent-continent collision; Including the trace elements of the moyite shows the geochemical characteristics of A type granite. As the invasion sequence of moyite-monzonitic granite-gabbro-granodiorite, the A type moyite and the later gabbro are formed in the extensional environment of collision post-orogenesis. A process of extension-(6Ma)-compression-(5Ma)-extension-(1Ma)-compression during orogenesis, with a long interval at early and shorter at later, which made the later granodiorite have the largest emergence area as the later extensive collision.
As the environment of collision post-orogenesis during late stage of early carboniferous to late carboniferous changed into the emplacement of granodiorite during early Permian, the small oceanic basin disappeared and uplift by step. The geochemical characteristics of granodiorite emplaced in Permian is similar to the composition of I-type granite。The volcanic rock from Dashizhai group, which has been well researched, might formed in an extensional environment from back-arc.
Combined with the geochronology and geochemistry information published recently, we divided the tectonic-magmatic activities during Paleozoic and early Mesozoic into two major periods:1. Stage of the island arc junction in Caledonian (from Ordovician to Silurian);2. Stage of the development of regenerated oceanic basin during Hercynian and Indosinian (from Carboniferous to Triassic). Based this division, the tectonic evolution since Paleozoic in Xilinhot area would be discussed.
During middle-late Cambrian (stage of Caledonian), the Paleo-Asian ocean reached main extension between Siberia antient land and North China antient land. As the expansion and subduction is coexistence during the early Paleozoic (from Ordovician to Silurian), the Paleo-Asian ocean once underwent the subduction in two directions:northward subduction to the Xilinhot micro blocks and southward subduction to the Shuangjing micro blocks. The northern ocean take the subduction to the Xilinhot micro blocks and the Mongolia plate. Continued subduction of the oceanic crust finally resulted in disappearance of the ocean at the southern of the Xilinhot micro blocks and collision between the accretion zones of the Kedan Mountain and the southern margin of the Xilinhot micro blocks. The complex collision suture zone is was found from west to east, which is consisted of Ordovician volcanic rocks belongs to island arc calc-alkaline series, associated with Caledonian basic-ultrabasic rock and granite. the associated tourmaline two-mica granite shows lots of zicon ages during the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian period. The back arc basin deposited Xuniwusu group of flysch sediments and Xibiehe group of Molasse formation as sedimentary cover during the Silurian in southern margin of the volcanic island arc.
Permian-Triassic represents the evolution of revived oceanic basin. Caledonian movement caused the uplifting, which then be eroded and lead to a hiatus in early D-C1sedimentary and magmatism (C2sediments are lost in Xilinhot). In the Wusinihei ophiolites, north of Xilinhot, the late Carboniferous continental clastic rocks of Gegenaobao formation overlay on the ophiolites unconformably. Meanwhile, Sonid Left Banner rifted again and began to deposit. Proto Xilinhot arc then show the characteristics of underwater uplifting due to rifting, and have some constrains on the sedimentary:in early-stage (C2), north of the swelling sink and accept the C2sediments; while in late-stage (P-T2) the south of the swelling depressed, which is the strongest and deepest rupture in this region, it accepted the P-T sediments and the sedimentary thickness is quite great. Hercynian and Indosinian magmatisms in this region are strong and especially focused along the Xilamulun fault and core of Xilinhot anticlinorium. They are consists of early-Carboniferous post-collisional orogenic igneous rocks, early-Permian granites with continental arc characteristics and early-Triassic peraluminous granites. The early-Carboniferous A-type granites might be produced in the extension background during orogenic process, e.g. spilite with the transitional characters between arc and mid-oceanic ridge tholeiites have been found in the Dazhai bimodal lavas, indicating that the oceanic basin open again and even produced the oceanic crust in Xilinhot since early-Permian. The Permian diabase dyke found in the Huoziliang-Jiuzhuanyao Sihe farm also give evidence to the Hercynian-Indosinian depression of revive oceanic basin. Late-Permian to early-Triassic, I type>S type granites suggest the closure of oceanic basin and the termination of this stage.
The Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) is a complex accretionary orgrnic belt composed of Precambrian micro-continental blocks, ancient island arcs and ophiolites, which grow by lateral accretion of arc complex and vertical mantle materials underplating. The CAOB experienced complex crustal growth and celebrated for its massive juvenile crustal production in the Phanerozoic. In this paper, we studied the relationship between the Paleozoic magmatisms in Xilinhot and tectonic evolution, and found that the Paleozoic is the important period of crustal growth in CAOB. The accretionary mechanisms are different during different tectonic-magmatic evolutionary stage: lateral accretion of arc complex in Caledonian, vertical mantle materials underplating in Carboniferous to early-Permian, and the lateral accretion is dominantly in early-Triassic. Even at the same times, the acctrtionary ways in different tectonic background have some differences:during early-Permian period, it is dominated by vertical accretion in southern Linxi region, while the lateral accretion is dominantly in Xilinhot. Crustal growth in Xilinhot is a multi-stage and multi-cycle process, which is throughout the whole stage of CAOB evolution.
引文
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