球栅尺数显表应用系统开发
摘要
随着数字化测量技术的飞速发展，数显仪表的需求呈现多样化趋势，数显技术向着高精度、高可靠性、高环境适应性发展，同时在功能多样性及人机交互等方面也提出了更高的要求。国内常规的球栅尺数显表多以DSP为主要处理芯片，采用数码管的显示方式，功能简单，界面单一，与用户交互性差。为此设计一款基于液晶屏显示和图形用户界面的多通道高精度球栅尺数显系统具有重要的应用价值。
本文首先对球栅尺位移测量原理进行了研究，分析了球栅尺数显系统的功能需求，以美国德州仪器（TI）公司出品的CortexA8为内核的AM3517为主处理器，设计了一个ARM+FPGA架构的硬件平台，该硬件平台采用模块化设计，包括激励模块、回波接收模块、键盘监听模块、数据处理模块、人机交互模块、数据存储模块等；在所设计的硬件平台上论文完成了嵌入式Linux操作系统的移植和定制，包括引导程序bootloader的配置，内核的移植以及驱动的设计；论文进一步基于所设计的软硬件平台开发实现了Qt/Embedded环境下的数显系统应用软件系统。所设计的数显系统软件系统采用图形用户界面，为保证系统可靠实时接收传感器数据同时及时响应用户按键信息，采用了多线程工作方式，包括实现图形用户界面显示的主线程、响应按键信息的子线程以及接收传感器数据及计算位移的高优先级子线程。所设计的软件系统同时实现了工业用数显表的常用功能，如系统配置、掉电保护等。
系统运行结果表明，本文所设计的球栅尺数显系统具有良好的人机交互性，主界面支持4路传感器位移数据的实时显示，各路通道兼容模拟、数字两种传感器，精度可达到0.001mm，位移数据显示稳定，测量误差在±15um范围内，同时通过键盘可实现对界面的切换并实现对系统参数设置等功能，满足系统功能需求，验证了系统设计方案的可行性。
With the rapid development of digital measurement technology, the demand for digitalreadout(DRO) instrumentation is diversified. Higher precision, reliability andenvironmental adaptability become the common requirements for the DRO device. Andfriendly human-computer interaction also becomes a basic feature for new developed DROdevice. But up-to-date domestic DROs for ball grid scale are mostly based on DSPprocessor and only support simple functions and poor human-computer interaction, whereLED are usually selected as the display device. Therefore, designing a multi-channelhigh-performance DRO based on LCD display and graphical user interface (GUI) hasimportant application value.
In this thesis, the displacement measuring principle of the ball grid scale is discussedat first, and also the functional requirements of an advanced DRO for ball grid scale areanalyzed in detail. Then a hardware platform composed of ARM and FPGA is designed forthe DRO system, where AM3517with Cortex A8core produced by Texas Instruments (TI)corporation is selected as the main processor. The platform is built to a modular design,which includes: excitation module, echo detecting module, keyboard monitoring module,data processing module, human-computer interaction module, data storage module and soon. And then the embedded Linux system is transplanted to the designed platform andcustomized according to the platform’s features. Appropriate bootloader mode isconfigured and drivers for new introduced peripherals are designed. Finally, a DROapplication system is designed by Qt/Embedded based on the design of hardware andsoftware platforms. A graphical user interface (GUI) is designed for the DRO system. Toguarantee that the system can receive data from the sensor real-timely and respond to key pressing quickly, multi-threaded operation mode is adopted by the application system,which includes the main thread for the GUI display, the sub-thread for the response to thekey pressing and the higher priority sub-thread for the sensor’s data receiving anddisplacement calculation. Also some common functions of industrial DRO, such as systemconfiguration, power-fail protection and so on, are realized.
The designed DRO for the ball grid scale has good human-computer interaction. Thedesigned system can support four-channel sensors at the same time, and the sensor of eachchannel can be analog or digital. The designed DRO has display resolution of0.001mmand the measurement error is limited between-15um and15um. Besides, user can use thekeypad to control and configure the system. The testing results show that the designedsystem meets the needs of all functions.
本文首先对球栅尺位移测量原理进行了研究，分析了球栅尺数显系统的功能需求，以美国德州仪器（TI）公司出品的CortexA8为内核的AM3517为主处理器，设计了一个ARM+FPGA架构的硬件平台，该硬件平台采用模块化设计，包括激励模块、回波接收模块、键盘监听模块、数据处理模块、人机交互模块、数据存储模块等；在所设计的硬件平台上论文完成了嵌入式Linux操作系统的移植和定制，包括引导程序bootloader的配置，内核的移植以及驱动的设计；论文进一步基于所设计的软硬件平台开发实现了Qt/Embedded环境下的数显系统应用软件系统。所设计的数显系统软件系统采用图形用户界面，为保证系统可靠实时接收传感器数据同时及时响应用户按键信息，采用了多线程工作方式，包括实现图形用户界面显示的主线程、响应按键信息的子线程以及接收传感器数据及计算位移的高优先级子线程。所设计的软件系统同时实现了工业用数显表的常用功能，如系统配置、掉电保护等。
系统运行结果表明，本文所设计的球栅尺数显系统具有良好的人机交互性，主界面支持4路传感器位移数据的实时显示，各路通道兼容模拟、数字两种传感器，精度可达到0.001mm，位移数据显示稳定，测量误差在±15um范围内，同时通过键盘可实现对界面的切换并实现对系统参数设置等功能，满足系统功能需求，验证了系统设计方案的可行性。
With the rapid development of digital measurement technology, the demand for digitalreadout(DRO) instrumentation is diversified. Higher precision, reliability andenvironmental adaptability become the common requirements for the DRO device. Andfriendly human-computer interaction also becomes a basic feature for new developed DROdevice. But up-to-date domestic DROs for ball grid scale are mostly based on DSPprocessor and only support simple functions and poor human-computer interaction, whereLED are usually selected as the display device. Therefore, designing a multi-channelhigh-performance DRO based on LCD display and graphical user interface (GUI) hasimportant application value.
In this thesis, the displacement measuring principle of the ball grid scale is discussedat first, and also the functional requirements of an advanced DRO for ball grid scale areanalyzed in detail. Then a hardware platform composed of ARM and FPGA is designed forthe DRO system, where AM3517with Cortex A8core produced by Texas Instruments (TI)corporation is selected as the main processor. The platform is built to a modular design,which includes: excitation module, echo detecting module, keyboard monitoring module,data processing module, human-computer interaction module, data storage module and soon. And then the embedded Linux system is transplanted to the designed platform andcustomized according to the platform’s features. Appropriate bootloader mode isconfigured and drivers for new introduced peripherals are designed. Finally, a DROapplication system is designed by Qt/Embedded based on the design of hardware andsoftware platforms. A graphical user interface (GUI) is designed for the DRO system. Toguarantee that the system can receive data from the sensor real-timely and respond to key pressing quickly, multi-threaded operation mode is adopted by the application system,which includes the main thread for the GUI display, the sub-thread for the response to thekey pressing and the higher priority sub-thread for the sensor’s data receiving anddisplacement calculation. Also some common functions of industrial DRO, such as systemconfiguration, power-fail protection and so on, are realized.
The designed DRO for the ball grid scale has good human-computer interaction. Thedesigned system can support four-channel sensors at the same time, and the sensor of eachchannel can be analog or digital. The designed DRO has display resolution of0.001mmand the measurement error is limited between-15um and15um. Besides, user can use thekeypad to control and configure the system. The testing results show that the designedsystem meets the needs of all functions.
引文
[1]宋慧欣.仪器仪表智能化渐成趋势[J].自动化博览,2012,(5):46-47.
[2]卢国纲.中国数显装置发展回顾与展望[J].金属加工,2010(5):6-9.
[3]罗学科,刘玉常.计算机数控技术发展的新动向[J].北方工业大学学报,1999,11(03):39-45.
[4]中国机床工具工业协会数显装置分会.国内外数显量具市场发展趋势与现状[J].数字化制造与装备,2005,(4):139-140.
[5]杨绍臣,张彤,卢国纲.机床数显装置发展轨迹[J].现代制造,2007,(5):110-113.
[6]谢华锟.我国数显量具发展点评[J].工具技术,2004,38(12):56-58.
[7] Wenlian Li,Yang Li,Fan Xiao. The design and implementation of digital temperaturemeasurement and automatic control system[J]. Computer Aplication and SystermModeling(ICCASM),2010,(10):407-409.
[8]谢克明.嵌入式操作系统研究及开发实例[J].自动化博览,2005,25(1):23-26.
[9] Yujun Bao,Xiaoyan Jiang. Construction of Embedded System Platform which Basedon μC/OS-II and ARM7Kernel Microprocessor[J]. Computer Network andMultimedia Technology,2009,(1):1-4.
[10]周俊.基于嵌入式的远程图像采集传输系统的研究[D].湖北工业大学,2008.
[11]许青林,解争龙.基于ARM的Linux系统移植研究与实现[J].物联网技术,2013,(1):37-42.
[12]晁衍凯,徐昱琳,杨永焕.基于嵌入式Linux的视觉伺服系统设计[J].计算机技术与发展,2012,22(5):6-9.
[13]Liu Junliang, Pan Gang, Li Ping. Embedded Linux Graphic Terminal Design BasedOn ARM[J]. Control Conference,2006,(8):1921-1925.
[14]马强,赵军伟,李宏穆.基于Linux嵌入式操作系统的图形化界面的实现[J].测试测量技术,2011,(4):3-7.
[15]杨金林.基于DM6446和Qt的嵌入式图形界面的研究与应用[D].青岛大学,2012.
[16]赵振亮，徐立鸿等.基于Linux系统中嵌入式GUI的研究与分析[J].微型电脑应用,2006,22(11):42-50.
[17]游燕珍,赵国锋,徐川.基于Qt/E的嵌入式GUI的研究及其移植[J].微计算机信息,2008,24(5):61-63.
[18]杨宗尧.基于嵌入式系统的HVDC系统故障争端平台的研究[D].青岛科技大学,2007.
[19]蔡海燕.嵌入式数据库及其在宗导显控台中的应用[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2007.
[20]李升亮,徐剑锋,李峻林.嵌入式系统中的多窗口GUI系统的研究[J].计算机与数字工程,2008,36(10):126-128.
[21]徐广毅,张晓林等.嵌入式Linux系统中GUI系统的研究与移植[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2004,(10):11-17.
[22]Hikmah,M., Djajadi,A., Sinaga,M.. Implementation of4axes digital read out (DRO)as an embedded system for machine tools[J]. Instrumentation Control andAutomation(ICA),2011,2(11):209-213.
[23]谭弘颖,王雅琼. DP700荣耀登场.开启球栅数显新纪元[J].制造技术与机床,2011,(1):18-19.
[24]何安国,鲁双全.球栅尺读数头电路系统研究[J].仪表技术与传感器,2008,(9):109-112.
[25]李蓉,鲁双全.球栅技术进程及应用[J].电子测试,2009,(8):10-14.
[26]李侃,陈耀武.面向医用电子内窥镜的高清视频处理系统[J].计算机工程,2011,37(23):261-266.
[27]徐俊毅.德州仪器大举入侵ARM核嵌入式处理器市场[J].电子与电脑,2009,11:27-28.
[28]夏军,庞征斌,李小芳等.一种高性能DDR2控制器的设计与实现[J].计算机工程与科学,2010,32(7):62-64.
[29]朱念好,周玉洁. Flash存储管理的研究与设计[J].计算机工程与设计,2010,31(3):511-513.
[30]Langfang, Dongyu Zhang. PDA design based on embeddedLinux[J]. ComputerAidedIndustrial Design&Conceptual Design(CAIDCD),2010,(11):1299-1302.
[31]张健,刘青昆,王异奇,周娇. Linux实时化方法的研究与实现[J].计算机工程,2011,37(11):253-256.
[32]刘磊,张凤荔,秦志光.基于U-boot构建嵌入式Linux的Bootloader[J].计算机应用研究,2007,24(12):238-240.
[33]Jasmin Blanchette, Mark Summerfield. C++GUI Programming with QT4[M].2nd.Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2008:11-134．
[34]张战锋，韦玮等.人机语音交互平台以及在Linux下的移植实现[C].第九届全国人机语言通讯学术会议,2007.10.
[35]李伟.基于ARM9的嵌入式Linux手持平台设计与实现[D].武汉理工大学,2009.
[36]吴子平,徐爱钧.基于Qt/Embedded的嵌入式GUI的研究与构建[J].电脑开发与应用,2012,25(1):13-16.
[37]Wu Shuang, Cui Lei, Chen,FuZhou. The Implementation of oSIP Stack in DevelopingQt Software in Embedded Linux[J]. Networking and Distributed Computing(ICNDC),2010,1(10):137-141.
[38]张旭. TD手持探测设备软件设计与实现[D].重庆邮电大学,2011.
[39]吴迪.零基础学Qt4编程[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2010.
[40]Qiu Jinhui, Liu Dong Hui, Yuan Junchao. The Application of Qt/Embedded onEmbedded Linux[J],Industrial Control and Electronics Engineer(ICICEE),2012,(8):1304-1307.
[41]Liu Yang. The research of Qt/Embedded and Embedded Linux application in theIntelligent Monitoring System control.Advanced Computer Control(ICACC)[J].2ndInternational Conference on,2010,(05):83-86.
[42]王敏超.基于ARM的两用炉综合性能测试系统的研究[D].南京航空航天大学,2010.
[2]卢国纲.中国数显装置发展回顾与展望[J].金属加工,2010(5):6-9.
[3]罗学科,刘玉常.计算机数控技术发展的新动向[J].北方工业大学学报,1999,11(03):39-45.
[4]中国机床工具工业协会数显装置分会.国内外数显量具市场发展趋势与现状[J].数字化制造与装备,2005,(4):139-140.
[5]杨绍臣,张彤,卢国纲.机床数显装置发展轨迹[J].现代制造,2007,(5):110-113.
[6]谢华锟.我国数显量具发展点评[J].工具技术,2004,38(12):56-58.
[7] Wenlian Li,Yang Li,Fan Xiao. The design and implementation of digital temperaturemeasurement and automatic control system[J]. Computer Aplication and SystermModeling(ICCASM),2010,(10):407-409.
[8]谢克明.嵌入式操作系统研究及开发实例[J].自动化博览,2005,25(1):23-26.
[9] Yujun Bao,Xiaoyan Jiang. Construction of Embedded System Platform which Basedon μC/OS-II and ARM7Kernel Microprocessor[J]. Computer Network andMultimedia Technology,2009,(1):1-4.
[10]周俊.基于嵌入式的远程图像采集传输系统的研究[D].湖北工业大学,2008.
[11]许青林,解争龙.基于ARM的Linux系统移植研究与实现[J].物联网技术,2013,(1):37-42.
[12]晁衍凯,徐昱琳,杨永焕.基于嵌入式Linux的视觉伺服系统设计[J].计算机技术与发展,2012,22(5):6-9.
[13]Liu Junliang, Pan Gang, Li Ping. Embedded Linux Graphic Terminal Design BasedOn ARM[J]. Control Conference,2006,(8):1921-1925.
[14]马强,赵军伟,李宏穆.基于Linux嵌入式操作系统的图形化界面的实现[J].测试测量技术,2011,(4):3-7.
[15]杨金林.基于DM6446和Qt的嵌入式图形界面的研究与应用[D].青岛大学,2012.
[16]赵振亮，徐立鸿等.基于Linux系统中嵌入式GUI的研究与分析[J].微型电脑应用,2006,22(11):42-50.
[17]游燕珍,赵国锋,徐川.基于Qt/E的嵌入式GUI的研究及其移植[J].微计算机信息,2008,24(5):61-63.
[18]杨宗尧.基于嵌入式系统的HVDC系统故障争端平台的研究[D].青岛科技大学,2007.
[19]蔡海燕.嵌入式数据库及其在宗导显控台中的应用[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2007.
[20]李升亮,徐剑锋,李峻林.嵌入式系统中的多窗口GUI系统的研究[J].计算机与数字工程,2008,36(10):126-128.
[21]徐广毅,张晓林等.嵌入式Linux系统中GUI系统的研究与移植[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2004,(10):11-17.
[22]Hikmah,M., Djajadi,A., Sinaga,M.. Implementation of4axes digital read out (DRO)as an embedded system for machine tools[J]. Instrumentation Control andAutomation(ICA),2011,2(11):209-213.
[23]谭弘颖,王雅琼. DP700荣耀登场.开启球栅数显新纪元[J].制造技术与机床,2011,(1):18-19.
[24]何安国,鲁双全.球栅尺读数头电路系统研究[J].仪表技术与传感器,2008,(9):109-112.
[25]李蓉,鲁双全.球栅技术进程及应用[J].电子测试,2009,(8):10-14.
[26]李侃,陈耀武.面向医用电子内窥镜的高清视频处理系统[J].计算机工程,2011,37(23):261-266.
[27]徐俊毅.德州仪器大举入侵ARM核嵌入式处理器市场[J].电子与电脑,2009,11:27-28.
[28]夏军,庞征斌,李小芳等.一种高性能DDR2控制器的设计与实现[J].计算机工程与科学,2010,32(7):62-64.
[29]朱念好,周玉洁. Flash存储管理的研究与设计[J].计算机工程与设计,2010,31(3):511-513.
[30]Langfang, Dongyu Zhang. PDA design based on embeddedLinux[J]. ComputerAidedIndustrial Design&Conceptual Design(CAIDCD),2010,(11):1299-1302.
[31]张健,刘青昆,王异奇,周娇. Linux实时化方法的研究与实现[J].计算机工程,2011,37(11):253-256.
[32]刘磊,张凤荔,秦志光.基于U-boot构建嵌入式Linux的Bootloader[J].计算机应用研究,2007,24(12):238-240.
[33]Jasmin Blanchette, Mark Summerfield. C++GUI Programming with QT4[M].2nd.Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2008:11-134．
[34]张战锋，韦玮等.人机语音交互平台以及在Linux下的移植实现[C].第九届全国人机语言通讯学术会议,2007.10.
[35]李伟.基于ARM9的嵌入式Linux手持平台设计与实现[D].武汉理工大学,2009.
[36]吴子平,徐爱钧.基于Qt/Embedded的嵌入式GUI的研究与构建[J].电脑开发与应用,2012,25(1):13-16.
[37]Wu Shuang, Cui Lei, Chen,FuZhou. The Implementation of oSIP Stack in DevelopingQt Software in Embedded Linux[J]. Networking and Distributed Computing(ICNDC),2010,1(10):137-141.
[38]张旭. TD手持探测设备软件设计与实现[D].重庆邮电大学,2011.
[39]吴迪.零基础学Qt4编程[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2010.
[40]Qiu Jinhui, Liu Dong Hui, Yuan Junchao. The Application of Qt/Embedded onEmbedded Linux[J],Industrial Control and Electronics Engineer(ICICEE),2012,(8):1304-1307.
[41]Liu Yang. The research of Qt/Embedded and Embedded Linux application in theIntelligent Monitoring System control.Advanced Computer Control(ICACC)[J].2ndInternational Conference on,2010,(05):83-86.
[42]王敏超.基于ARM的两用炉综合性能测试系统的研究[D].南京航空航天大学,2010.