大跨度储煤网架结构在电厂中的应用
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摘要
随着我国煤炭产量的增加,同时适应火力发电厂的发展需求,我国各地许多电厂都兴建了大量的干煤棚用于贮存煤炭。网壳结构受力性能良好,既经济又美观,特别能适应大跨度结构的要求,因此,网壳结构在干煤棚中得到了广泛的采用。本文结合某工程实例,探讨了干煤棚网架结构的受力性能、施工方案和防腐措施。文章主要内容包括：
(1)利用大型有限元通用软件ANSYS建立了干煤棚网架结构的三维模型。根据干煤棚网架的受荷情况,对结构进行了各种荷载工况组合下的静力分析,荷载包括：自重荷载、活荷载、风荷载和雪荷载等。总结了干煤棚网架结构在各种荷载工况组合下的变形和受力特征。
(2)在静力分析的基础上,对干煤棚网架结构做了进一步的分析,以网架结构消耗的材料体积为目标变量,使用一阶优化方法,对结构进行了优化分析；在地震作用下,干煤棚网架结构的反应除与地面运动规律有关外,还与其自振特性密切相关,为此,分析了干煤棚网架的自振特性；结构杆件属于细长杆件,故开展了屈曲分析,计算结果表明,各杆件不会屈曲；以某简易地震谱为例,做了结构的谱分析。
(3)大型网架结构的施工是实现结构设计的前提,为此,文章介绍了目前使用较为普通的施工方法,并简要探讨了各种施工方法的优缺点极其适用性；煤炭对钢结构具有一定的腐蚀性,而这一点在大跨度结构中显得尤为重要,因此,文章分析了钢结构腐蚀的机理,并结合已有经验提出了若个项防腐措施。
With China's coal production increased, meanwhile adapting to the development needs of thermal power plants, a lot of coal storage have been built across the country. Space truss structure exhibits good mechanical performance, economical and beautiful, in particular, can adapt to the requirements of large-span structure, so the space truss structure has been widely adopted for storing coal. In this paper, an engineering example was selected to analyze the mechanical properties, construction program and corrosion protection of coal storage. In this paper, the contents include:
(1) General used finite element analysis software ANSYS was used to build the three dimension model of coal storage. According to the load condition of coal storage, static analysis was conducted. The load types include:gravity, live load, wind load and snow load. The deformation and stress were obtained and analyzed.
(2) Based on the static analysis, a further study on the coal storage was carried out. The volume of the materials was set as the objective function, and then optimal design was done. When subjected to the seismic load, the dynamic response of coal storage is determined by the free vibration characteristic. Thus, the dynamic analysis was also conducted. Finally, buckling analysis and earthquake response spectra analysis were given.
(3) The construction program is the essential prerequisite of implementing the structural design, therefore, some widely used construction method were introduced and discussed. The coal exerts corrosion effect on the steel structure, which is of particular importance in the long-span structures, so the corrosion mechanism was introduced and the anti-corrosion methods were proposed.
(1)利用大型有限元通用软件ANSYS建立了干煤棚网架结构的三维模型。根据干煤棚网架的受荷情况,对结构进行了各种荷载工况组合下的静力分析,荷载包括：自重荷载、活荷载、风荷载和雪荷载等。总结了干煤棚网架结构在各种荷载工况组合下的变形和受力特征。
(2)在静力分析的基础上,对干煤棚网架结构做了进一步的分析,以网架结构消耗的材料体积为目标变量,使用一阶优化方法,对结构进行了优化分析；在地震作用下,干煤棚网架结构的反应除与地面运动规律有关外,还与其自振特性密切相关,为此,分析了干煤棚网架的自振特性；结构杆件属于细长杆件,故开展了屈曲分析,计算结果表明,各杆件不会屈曲；以某简易地震谱为例,做了结构的谱分析。
(3)大型网架结构的施工是实现结构设计的前提,为此,文章介绍了目前使用较为普通的施工方法,并简要探讨了各种施工方法的优缺点极其适用性；煤炭对钢结构具有一定的腐蚀性,而这一点在大跨度结构中显得尤为重要,因此,文章分析了钢结构腐蚀的机理,并结合已有经验提出了若个项防腐措施。
With China's coal production increased, meanwhile adapting to the development needs of thermal power plants, a lot of coal storage have been built across the country. Space truss structure exhibits good mechanical performance, economical and beautiful, in particular, can adapt to the requirements of large-span structure, so the space truss structure has been widely adopted for storing coal. In this paper, an engineering example was selected to analyze the mechanical properties, construction program and corrosion protection of coal storage. In this paper, the contents include:
(1) General used finite element analysis software ANSYS was used to build the three dimension model of coal storage. According to the load condition of coal storage, static analysis was conducted. The load types include:gravity, live load, wind load and snow load. The deformation and stress were obtained and analyzed.
(2) Based on the static analysis, a further study on the coal storage was carried out. The volume of the materials was set as the objective function, and then optimal design was done. When subjected to the seismic load, the dynamic response of coal storage is determined by the free vibration characteristic. Thus, the dynamic analysis was also conducted. Finally, buckling analysis and earthquake response spectra analysis were given.
(3) The construction program is the essential prerequisite of implementing the structural design, therefore, some widely used construction method were introduced and discussed. The coal exerts corrosion effect on the steel structure, which is of particular importance in the long-span structures, so the corrosion mechanism was introduced and the anti-corrosion methods were proposed.
引文
[1]罗尧治.空间网格结构应用技术.浙江大学空间结构研究中心.2001.
[2]沈祖炎,陈扬骥.网架和网壳[M].上海：同济大学出版社.2001.
[3]陈富生,邱国桦.高层建筑钢结构设计[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社.2000.
[4]沈世钊,陈听网.网壳结构稳定性[M].北京：科学出版社.1999.
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[7]聂国隽,钱若军.干煤棚柱面网壳结构的设计[J].结构工程师.2001,(3)：1-5.
[8]刘锡良,董石麟.20年来中国空间结构形式创新[A].第十届空间结构学术会议论文集.2002.
[9]董石麟,罗尧治,赵阳.新型空间结构分析、设计与施工[J].北京：人民交通出版社.2006.
[10]董石麟.我国大跨度空间钢结构的发展与展望[J].空间结构.2000,6(2)：3-13.
[11]胡纫茉,俞载道,冯之椿.同济大学学生饭厅的设计与施工[J].建筑学报.1962.
[12]益德清,盛承楷.预应力混凝土网状筒拱设计与施工[A].第一届空间结构学术交流会论文集.1982.
[13]吴晓帆,杨君,丁伟亮.大跨度干煤棚三心圆柱面网架结构设计优化.武汉大学学报工学版(增刊).2010,43：88-90.
[14]齐月芹,李皓玉.大跨度干煤棚网壳结构风荷载试验研究.空间结构.2010,16(4)：55-59.
[15]葛增茂.88m大跨度干煤棚拱架坍塌事故分析.电力建设.1990,11(5)：44-45.
[16]梁煜坤,周国武.我省火电厂网架式干煤棚现状及建议.湖南电力,2001.6：39-41.
[17]沈祖炎,陈扬骥.网架和网壳.上海：同济大学出版社.2001.
[18]ANSYS Inc.,ANSYS技术报告,北京,1998.
[19]ANSYS Inc.,ANSYS结构非线性分析培训资料,北京,2000.
[20]宋子康,蔡文安.材料力学.上海：同济大学出版社.1998.
[21]ANSYS Inc.,ANSYS单元手册摘要,北京,2000.
[22]中国建筑工业出版社.工业与民用建筑结构载荷规范TJ9-74.中国建筑工业出版社.1974.
[23]中国人民共和国行业标准.《空间网格结构技术规程(JGJ7—2010)》.中华人民共和国建设部.
[24]黄本才.结构抗风分析原理及应用.上海：同济大学出版社.2001.
[25]张相庭.结构风振和风压计算.上海：同济大学出版社.2000.
[26]单鲁阳,严慧.大跨度双层圆柱面网壳结构的优化分析.建筑结构学报.
[27]陈骥.钢结构稳定理论与设计.北京：科学出版社.2003.
[28]董石麟.我国大跨度空间钢结构的发展与展望.空间结构.2000.
[29]张忠礼.钢结构热喷涂防腐蚀技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2004.
[30]赵广生,任亮,王建军,王林.论水工钢结构防腐蚀技术[J].内蒙古水利,2005(3)：103-105.
[31]范世儒,孙长田.彩涂板生产工艺[J].鞍钢技术,2004(4)：7-12.
[32]Estimating of the atmospheric corrosion resistance of low-alloy steels[J].ASTM standard G101,1995.
[33]沈祖英,黄文忠,沈德洪.钢结构制作安装手册[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[34]中国钢结构协会.建筑钢结构施工手册[M].北京：中国计划出版社,2004.
[35]张启富,黄建中.有机涂层钢板[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2003.
[2]沈祖炎,陈扬骥.网架和网壳[M].上海：同济大学出版社.2001.
[3]陈富生,邱国桦.高层建筑钢结构设计[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社.2000.
[4]沈世钊,陈听网.网壳结构稳定性[M].北京：科学出版社.1999.
[5]尹德钰,刘善维.网壳结构设计[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社.1996.
[6]虞国伟,严慧,董石麟.网架结构极限承载能力的追踪分析[J].建筑结构学报.1989：55-61.
[7]聂国隽,钱若军.干煤棚柱面网壳结构的设计[J].结构工程师.2001,(3)：1-5.
[8]刘锡良,董石麟.20年来中国空间结构形式创新[A].第十届空间结构学术会议论文集.2002.
[9]董石麟,罗尧治,赵阳.新型空间结构分析、设计与施工[J].北京：人民交通出版社.2006.
[10]董石麟.我国大跨度空间钢结构的发展与展望[J].空间结构.2000,6(2)：3-13.
[11]胡纫茉,俞载道,冯之椿.同济大学学生饭厅的设计与施工[J].建筑学报.1962.
[12]益德清,盛承楷.预应力混凝土网状筒拱设计与施工[A].第一届空间结构学术交流会论文集.1982.
[13]吴晓帆,杨君,丁伟亮.大跨度干煤棚三心圆柱面网架结构设计优化.武汉大学学报工学版(增刊).2010,43：88-90.
[14]齐月芹,李皓玉.大跨度干煤棚网壳结构风荷载试验研究.空间结构.2010,16(4)：55-59.
[15]葛增茂.88m大跨度干煤棚拱架坍塌事故分析.电力建设.1990,11(5)：44-45.
[16]梁煜坤,周国武.我省火电厂网架式干煤棚现状及建议.湖南电力,2001.6：39-41.
[17]沈祖炎,陈扬骥.网架和网壳.上海：同济大学出版社.2001.
[18]ANSYS Inc.,ANSYS技术报告,北京,1998.
[19]ANSYS Inc.,ANSYS结构非线性分析培训资料,北京,2000.
[20]宋子康,蔡文安.材料力学.上海：同济大学出版社.1998.
[21]ANSYS Inc.,ANSYS单元手册摘要,北京,2000.
[22]中国建筑工业出版社.工业与民用建筑结构载荷规范TJ9-74.中国建筑工业出版社.1974.
[23]中国人民共和国行业标准.《空间网格结构技术规程(JGJ7—2010)》.中华人民共和国建设部.
[24]黄本才.结构抗风分析原理及应用.上海：同济大学出版社.2001.
[25]张相庭.结构风振和风压计算.上海：同济大学出版社.2000.
[26]单鲁阳,严慧.大跨度双层圆柱面网壳结构的优化分析.建筑结构学报.
[27]陈骥.钢结构稳定理论与设计.北京：科学出版社.2003.
[28]董石麟.我国大跨度空间钢结构的发展与展望.空间结构.2000.
[29]张忠礼.钢结构热喷涂防腐蚀技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2004.
[30]赵广生,任亮,王建军,王林.论水工钢结构防腐蚀技术[J].内蒙古水利,2005(3)：103-105.
[31]范世儒,孙长田.彩涂板生产工艺[J].鞍钢技术,2004(4)：7-12.
[32]Estimating of the atmospheric corrosion resistance of low-alloy steels[J].ASTM standard G101,1995.
[33]沈祖英,黄文忠,沈德洪.钢结构制作安装手册[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[34]中国钢结构协会.建筑钢结构施工手册[M].北京：中国计划出版社,2004.
[35]张启富,黄建中.有机涂层钢板[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2003.