铜—农药污染的土壤生态化学脱毒行为研究
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摘要
通过开展Cu与农药甲胺磷、草甘膦吸附/解吸试验、Cu和甲胺磷的大豆根际行为试验,以及农药脱毒生态化学指示(土壤酶、有效P)试验,对东北地区典型土壤——黑土与棕壤污染物的化学脱毒行为进行研究,为东北地区农业清洁生产提供理论参考。
污染物的吸附/解吸行为是土壤物理化学脱毒的体现。试验结果表明,Cu~(2+)的吸附/解吸等温线与Freundlich方程有较好的拟合性。黑土对Cu~(2+)的吸附脱毒能力高于棕壤,且解吸率更低。Cu~(2+)的解吸量与吸附量之间呈二次幂函数关系。描述Cu~(2+)吸附/解吸动力学过程的最优模型为双常数方程。
两种农药在土壤原胶体及去有机质土壤上的吸附仍符合Freundlich方程,但有机质去除后吸附量大为降低。无机矿物是甲胺磷吸附的主要载体,而有机质对草甘膦的吸附脱毒则更为重要。在土壤-农药- Cu~(2+)共存体系中,Cu~(2+)的吸附量降低,解吸量增加。由于较强的络合能力,草甘膦对Cu~(2+)吸附/解吸行为的影响大于甲胺磷。
根际和土壤酶通过生物化学机制对污染物进行脱毒。大豆根系通过将Cu~(2+)转化为铁锰氧化物结合态和有机质结合态而减少吸收。同时,甲胺磷在大豆根际环境中的降解速率显著加快。土壤脱氢酶对农药反应敏感,多数情况表现出抑制作用。酸性磷酸酶在甲胺磷加入初期被刺激,随后被部分抑制;随着草甘膦浓度的升高,酸性磷酸酶的抑制作用增强。农药的施入增加了土壤有效P含量,但对有效P的贡献率仍较低。
Through carrying out of the experiments of heavy metal copper and insecticide methamidophos, herbicide glyphosate sorption/desorption behaviors, the experiments of copper and methamidophos environmental behavior in soybean rhizosphere, and the experiments of the ecologically chemical indication of pesticides detoxification (soil enzyme, available P), we studied the chemical detoxification behaviors of these pollutants in typical soils of northeastern China-phaiozem and burozem, and aimed to provide theory references for green agriculture base constructing in the area.
Sorption/desorption behavior of the pollutants is the reflection of soil physical and chemical detoxification by itself. Experiments showed that the isothermal curves of Cu sorption/desorption in phaiozem and burozem were well fitted the Freundlich equation. The amount of Cu sorbed by phaiozem was much higher than that by burozem, but the desorption ratio was less than the latter. The relationships between desorption and Cu sorbed on the soils was well described by quadratic function. The best model for Cu sorption/desorption kinetics was two-constant equation.
The isothermal curves of pesticides sorption on soils and soils removed organic matter were also well fitted the Freundlich equation. The organic matter removal made the sorption of the two pesticides much lowered. Inorganic minerals are main sorption carrier for methamidophos, but organic matter is more important in glyphosate sorption and detoxification process than other constituents. Meanwhile, the addition of the pesticides into the soils changed Cu sorption/desorption behavior, made Cu sorption decreased, and desorption increased. The effects of glyphosate were larger than that of methamidophos because of stronger complex ability with Cu.
The pollutants are detoxified under biochemical mechanism by rhizosphere and soil enzyme. Through transformed the Cu into iron/manganese oxide and organic matter bound in rhizosphere, soybean decreased the Cu absorption. The degradation of methamidophos was evidently accelerated in the soybean rhizosphere. Soil dehydrogenase was sensitive to the two pesticides, and its activity was inhibited in most cases. Acidic phosphatase was stimulated in the first stage of methamidophos addition, followed by partially inhibited, and the higher glyphosate concentration, the greater inhibition of enzyme activity. Soil available P was increased after the two pesticides were added. But the contribution ratio of degradation products to available P was low.
污染物的吸附/解吸行为是土壤物理化学脱毒的体现。试验结果表明,Cu~(2+)的吸附/解吸等温线与Freundlich方程有较好的拟合性。黑土对Cu~(2+)的吸附脱毒能力高于棕壤,且解吸率更低。Cu~(2+)的解吸量与吸附量之间呈二次幂函数关系。描述Cu~(2+)吸附/解吸动力学过程的最优模型为双常数方程。
两种农药在土壤原胶体及去有机质土壤上的吸附仍符合Freundlich方程,但有机质去除后吸附量大为降低。无机矿物是甲胺磷吸附的主要载体,而有机质对草甘膦的吸附脱毒则更为重要。在土壤-农药- Cu~(2+)共存体系中,Cu~(2+)的吸附量降低,解吸量增加。由于较强的络合能力,草甘膦对Cu~(2+)吸附/解吸行为的影响大于甲胺磷。
根际和土壤酶通过生物化学机制对污染物进行脱毒。大豆根系通过将Cu~(2+)转化为铁锰氧化物结合态和有机质结合态而减少吸收。同时,甲胺磷在大豆根际环境中的降解速率显著加快。土壤脱氢酶对农药反应敏感,多数情况表现出抑制作用。酸性磷酸酶在甲胺磷加入初期被刺激,随后被部分抑制;随着草甘膦浓度的升高,酸性磷酸酶的抑制作用增强。农药的施入增加了土壤有效P含量,但对有效P的贡献率仍较低。
Through carrying out of the experiments of heavy metal copper and insecticide methamidophos, herbicide glyphosate sorption/desorption behaviors, the experiments of copper and methamidophos environmental behavior in soybean rhizosphere, and the experiments of the ecologically chemical indication of pesticides detoxification (soil enzyme, available P), we studied the chemical detoxification behaviors of these pollutants in typical soils of northeastern China-phaiozem and burozem, and aimed to provide theory references for green agriculture base constructing in the area.
Sorption/desorption behavior of the pollutants is the reflection of soil physical and chemical detoxification by itself. Experiments showed that the isothermal curves of Cu sorption/desorption in phaiozem and burozem were well fitted the Freundlich equation. The amount of Cu sorbed by phaiozem was much higher than that by burozem, but the desorption ratio was less than the latter. The relationships between desorption and Cu sorbed on the soils was well described by quadratic function. The best model for Cu sorption/desorption kinetics was two-constant equation.
The isothermal curves of pesticides sorption on soils and soils removed organic matter were also well fitted the Freundlich equation. The organic matter removal made the sorption of the two pesticides much lowered. Inorganic minerals are main sorption carrier for methamidophos, but organic matter is more important in glyphosate sorption and detoxification process than other constituents. Meanwhile, the addition of the pesticides into the soils changed Cu sorption/desorption behavior, made Cu sorption decreased, and desorption increased. The effects of glyphosate were larger than that of methamidophos because of stronger complex ability with Cu.
The pollutants are detoxified under biochemical mechanism by rhizosphere and soil enzyme. Through transformed the Cu into iron/manganese oxide and organic matter bound in rhizosphere, soybean decreased the Cu absorption. The degradation of methamidophos was evidently accelerated in the soybean rhizosphere. Soil dehydrogenase was sensitive to the two pesticides, and its activity was inhibited in most cases. Acidic phosphatase was stimulated in the first stage of methamidophos addition, followed by partially inhibited, and the higher glyphosate concentration, the greater inhibition of enzyme activity. Soil available P was increased after the two pesticides were added. But the contribution ratio of degradation products to available P was low.
引文
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