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反相悬浮聚合制备功能聚合物微球
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摘要
为了制备出性能良好、产物为微球状的功能性聚合物――聚丙烯酸及其盐类的共聚物,采用反相悬浮聚合实施方法,以聚甘油单硬脂酸酯为分散剂,环己烷为连续相,采用N,N`-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸二乙二醇酯两种交联剂对产物进行交联。在微球内外层形成交联梯度,提高了微球的吸水倍率和凝胶强度,得到性能良好的产物。探讨了该反相悬浮分散体系的稳定机理。
    文中详细研究了该体系中转化率的影响因素以及各个工艺条件,如中和度、油水比、交联剂浓度、分散剂、后处理条件等对产物形态、性能的影响。结果表明两种交联剂对吸水倍率的影响很大,而吸水速度主要受到体系油水比的影响。制备出了吸水倍率高,吸水速度快的功能性聚合物。该聚合物粒径分布200-500μm,可在10min 内吸水1500倍,最大吸水倍率可达2500倍。
    在该反应体系中加入丙烯酰胺,合成了吸盐水性能较好的聚合物微球,研究了丙烯酸与丙烯酰胺在此类体系中的反应特点。实验发现,聚丙烯酸类微球是由多个小的颗粒聚并达到一个相对稳定的状态而形成,这种结构使吸水速率得到了很大的提高。在实验中对两种共聚物的性能进行了比较。
    采用红外光谱(IR)、元素分析、光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)等方法对产物的内部结构、表面结构、微球形态、热稳定性进行了表征。
Inverse suspension polymerization was used in order to prepare the micro-spherical functional acrylic based polymer when cyclohaxane as the organic phase. The suspension stabilizers was an amphiphilic copolymer of tripolyglycerol monostearates. The crosslinker was N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide. We also used another crosslinker to increase the absorbency. The stabilization mechanism of inverse suspension polymerization was also discussed.
    Polymerization conditions on the properties of the polymer were studied, including the amount of crosslinker, stabilizer, neutralization degree, ratio of oil to water, post-disposal techniques. It turned out that the water-absorbency of the polymer was mostly affected by the crosslinker concentration, but the speed of absorbency was greatly influenced by the ratio of oil to water. The polymer prepared by this method has good performance with particle size distributed in 200-500μm. The high water absorbency was 2500 g/g, and it could absorb 1500g/g water in 10 minutes.
    Acrylamide was added to the polymerization system to prepare the copolymer in effort to increase the saline water absorbency.
    The surface structure, morphology of microsphere and heat property were analyzed by IR, SEM, DSC etc.
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