二碲酸根合银(Ⅲ)钾氧化还原引发自由基聚合反应的研究
|
摘要
本文主要研究内容为：二碲酸根合银(Ⅲ)钾氧化还原引发自由基聚合反应的研究。全文共分为四个部分。
第一章，对二碲酸根合银(Ⅲ)钾(DTA)的发展及研究现状以及纤维素和海藻酸钠的接枝共聚合反应的研究现状进行了论述；阐明了利用二碲酸根合银(Ⅲ)钾的强氧化性，将其应用于自由基均聚及接枝共聚合反应的理论及现实意义。
第二章，首次将DTA用于自由基聚合反应，提出了DTA还原过程为两步单电子转移，能够引发自由基聚合的机理。对DTA-丙烯酰胺(AM)组成的氧化还原体系在碱性介质中引发的丙烯酰胺自由基均聚合反应进行了系统研究。得到了其聚合速率方程(Rp=k[AM]~(1.68)[DTA]~(0.76))和反应活化能(33.6kJ／mol)。通过红外光谱和核磁共振分析提出了聚合反应机理。
第三章，利用DTA的强氧化性，与纤维素及海藻酸钠分子骨架上的还原性特征基团-羟基组成氧化还原引发体系，直接实现了在大分子上的接枝共聚反应，获得了高的接枝参数。研究了各种反应条件，如温度、引发剂浓度、时间、单体用量对接枝参数的影响，得到了最佳接枝条件。通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、X-射线衍射及热重分析对接枝共聚物进行了表征。提出了基于DTA还原过程的两步单电子转移的反应机理。
第四章，利用二过碘酸合镍(Ⅳ)与三元尼龙组成的氧化还原体系，引发了丙烯酸甲酯在三元尼龙上的接枝共聚合反应。研究了各种反应条件对接枝参数的影响，结果表明：当[Ni(Ⅳ)]=8×10~(-4)mol／L，MA／terpolyamide(weight)=4.5，t=35℃时，接枝效率和接枝百分比可达到最高值。对接枝共聚物进行了表征，提出了建立在镍(Ⅳ)还原为镍(Ⅱ)的过程为两步单电子转移的基础之上的引发机理。同时还将所得接枝共聚物用作尼龙／聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯体系的增容剂，通过扫描电镜分析表明：该共混体系的相容性得到明显改善。
This paper is mainly about the application of potasium ditellruatoargentate(III) (DTA) in free radical polymerization and will be discussed in four sections.
Chapter I: The development and the present research situation of DTA as well as the present study on graft copolymerization of cellulose and sodium alginate were reviewed systematically. In addition, the theoretical and practical significance of DTA's application in homopolymerization and in graft copolymerization of vinyl monomers onto natural macromolecules were pointed out.
Chapter II: It is the first time that DTA was employed in radical polymerization. A two-step single-electron-transfer process of DTA reductions is proposed to explain the production of free radicals and the initiation. The kinetic and mechanistic features of DTA initiated aqueous polymerization of acrylamide (AM) have been investigated in an alkaline medium. The results indicated that the equation of the rate of polymerization (Rp) is: Rp = k[AM]1.68 [DTA]0.67 and that the overall activation energy of AM polymerization is 33.6kJ/mol. Based on the FTIR and 'H NMR spectra analyses, a tentative initiation mechanism is proposed.
Chapter III: DTA, paired with hydroxyl-characteristic groups with reducibility on the macromolecules' backbones was used to initiate the graft copolymerization of acrylate monomers onto cellulose and sodium alginate. High grafting parameters were obtained. The dependence of grafting parameters on such reaction conditions as temperature, reaction time, initiator concentration and the amount of monomer were also investigated. The resultant graft copolymers were characterized through FTIR, SEM, X-ray diffraction, and TGA. Furthermore, a tentative mechanism involving a two-step single-electron- transfer process in DTA reduction is proposed to explain the generation of radicals and the initiation
Chapter IV: Potassiumdiperiodatonickelate(IV) wasemployed to initiate the;grafting of MAonto terpolyamide(nylon 6/nylon 66/nylon 1010); High grafting
efficiency (>90%) were obtained, which indicated that Ni (IV)-terpolyamide system is an efficient redox initiator for this grafting. Maximum grafting efficiency and percentage of grafting were obtained at [Ni(IV)] = 8 X 10-4mol/L, MA/nylon(weight)= 4.5, t = 35癈. FTIR, SEM and X-ray diffraction were employed to characterize the graft copolymers. A mechanism based on the two separate single-electron-transfer process of Ni (IV) to Ni (II) is proposed to explain the formation of radicals and the initiation. In addition, the copolymers were used as compatibilizer in blends of terpolyamide and poly(methyl methacrylate). The SEM photographs illustrate that the addition of graft copolymer efficiently improved the miscibility of the blends.
第一章，对二碲酸根合银(Ⅲ)钾(DTA)的发展及研究现状以及纤维素和海藻酸钠的接枝共聚合反应的研究现状进行了论述；阐明了利用二碲酸根合银(Ⅲ)钾的强氧化性，将其应用于自由基均聚及接枝共聚合反应的理论及现实意义。
第二章，首次将DTA用于自由基聚合反应，提出了DTA还原过程为两步单电子转移，能够引发自由基聚合的机理。对DTA-丙烯酰胺(AM)组成的氧化还原体系在碱性介质中引发的丙烯酰胺自由基均聚合反应进行了系统研究。得到了其聚合速率方程(Rp=k[AM]~(1.68)[DTA]~(0.76))和反应活化能(33.6kJ／mol)。通过红外光谱和核磁共振分析提出了聚合反应机理。
第三章，利用DTA的强氧化性，与纤维素及海藻酸钠分子骨架上的还原性特征基团-羟基组成氧化还原引发体系，直接实现了在大分子上的接枝共聚反应，获得了高的接枝参数。研究了各种反应条件，如温度、引发剂浓度、时间、单体用量对接枝参数的影响，得到了最佳接枝条件。通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、X-射线衍射及热重分析对接枝共聚物进行了表征。提出了基于DTA还原过程的两步单电子转移的反应机理。
第四章，利用二过碘酸合镍(Ⅳ)与三元尼龙组成的氧化还原体系，引发了丙烯酸甲酯在三元尼龙上的接枝共聚合反应。研究了各种反应条件对接枝参数的影响，结果表明：当[Ni(Ⅳ)]=8×10~(-4)mol／L，MA／terpolyamide(weight)=4.5，t=35℃时，接枝效率和接枝百分比可达到最高值。对接枝共聚物进行了表征，提出了建立在镍(Ⅳ)还原为镍(Ⅱ)的过程为两步单电子转移的基础之上的引发机理。同时还将所得接枝共聚物用作尼龙／聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯体系的增容剂，通过扫描电镜分析表明：该共混体系的相容性得到明显改善。
This paper is mainly about the application of potasium ditellruatoargentate(III) (DTA) in free radical polymerization and will be discussed in four sections.
Chapter I: The development and the present research situation of DTA as well as the present study on graft copolymerization of cellulose and sodium alginate were reviewed systematically. In addition, the theoretical and practical significance of DTA's application in homopolymerization and in graft copolymerization of vinyl monomers onto natural macromolecules were pointed out.
Chapter II: It is the first time that DTA was employed in radical polymerization. A two-step single-electron-transfer process of DTA reductions is proposed to explain the production of free radicals and the initiation. The kinetic and mechanistic features of DTA initiated aqueous polymerization of acrylamide (AM) have been investigated in an alkaline medium. The results indicated that the equation of the rate of polymerization (Rp) is: Rp = k[AM]1.68 [DTA]0.67 and that the overall activation energy of AM polymerization is 33.6kJ/mol. Based on the FTIR and 'H NMR spectra analyses, a tentative initiation mechanism is proposed.
Chapter III: DTA, paired with hydroxyl-characteristic groups with reducibility on the macromolecules' backbones was used to initiate the graft copolymerization of acrylate monomers onto cellulose and sodium alginate. High grafting parameters were obtained. The dependence of grafting parameters on such reaction conditions as temperature, reaction time, initiator concentration and the amount of monomer were also investigated. The resultant graft copolymers were characterized through FTIR, SEM, X-ray diffraction, and TGA. Furthermore, a tentative mechanism involving a two-step single-electron- transfer process in DTA reduction is proposed to explain the generation of radicals and the initiation
Chapter IV: Potassiumdiperiodatonickelate(IV) wasemployed to initiate the;grafting of MAonto terpolyamide(nylon 6/nylon 66/nylon 1010); High grafting
efficiency (>90%) were obtained, which indicated that Ni (IV)-terpolyamide system is an efficient redox initiator for this grafting. Maximum grafting efficiency and percentage of grafting were obtained at [Ni(IV)] = 8 X 10-4mol/L, MA/nylon(weight)= 4.5, t = 35癈. FTIR, SEM and X-ray diffraction were employed to characterize the graft copolymers. A mechanism based on the two separate single-electron-transfer process of Ni (IV) to Ni (II) is proposed to explain the formation of radicals and the initiation. In addition, the copolymers were used as compatibilizer in blends of terpolyamide and poly(methyl methacrylate). The SEM photographs illustrate that the addition of graft copolymer efficiently improved the miscibility of the blends.
引文
[1]Brauner B, Kurzma B. Separation of tellurium from heavy metals and the formation of a copper acid. Univ Prague Ber, 1907, 40: 3362-3369.
[2]Malaprade L. Salts of trivalent copper and silver. I. Gazz Chim Ital, 1941, 71: 467-474.
[3]Jensovsky L, Skala M. Preparation and properties of complex argentate(Ⅲ). Z Anorg Allgem Chem, 1961, 312: 26-31.
[4]Kirschenbaum L J, Ambrus J H, Atkinson G. Kinetics of silver(Ⅲ) complexation by periodate and tellurate ions. Inorg Chem, 1973, 12: 2832-2837.
[5]Jensovsky L, Ralek M. Magnetic properties of some complexes of trivalent copper, silver, and gold. Z Anorg Allgem Chem, 1962, 314: 76-79.
[6]Banerjee R S, Basu S. Ligand field spectra of some metals in their unfamiliar oxidation states. Ⅱ. trivalent silver and copper. J Inorg Nucl Chem, 1965, 27(2): 353-358.
[7]Barefield E K, Mocella M T. Complexes of silver(Ⅲ) with macro-cyclic tetraaza ligands. Inorg Chem, 1973, 12(12): 2829-2832.
[8]McMillan J A. Higher oxidation states of silver. Chem Revs, 1962, 62(1): 65-80.
[9]Balikungeri A, Pelletier M, Monnier D. Contribution to the study of complexes bis(dihydrogen tellurato)cuprate(Ⅲ) and argentate(Ⅲ), bis(hydrogen periodato)cuprate(Ⅲ) and argentate(Ⅲ). Inorg Chim Acta, 1977, 22: 7-14.
[10]Raviprasad T, Sethuram B, Navaneeth R T. State of ditelluratoargentate in alkaline medium.-a kinetic study of the oxidation of alcohols by silver(Ⅲ). Indian J Chem, SectA, 1979, 18A(1): 40-42.
[11]Shah J H, Wang L, Shen S G, Sun H W, Wang A Z. Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of glycol by dihydroxyditelluratoargentate(Ⅲ) with spectrophotometry.
Chem Res Chin Univ, 2000, 16(3): 218-222,
[12]Raviprasad T, Sethuran B, Rao T N. Oxidation of aliphatic amines by ditelluratoargentate(Ⅲ). Indian J Chem, Sect A, 1982, 21A(2): 169-170.
[13]Jaiswal P K, Yadava K L. Silver(Ⅲ) as an oxidative titrant-determination of some sugars, carboxylic acids and inorganic ions. Talanta, 1970, 17(3): 236-238.
[14]Jaiswal P K. Oxidation of ferrous sulfate with silver(Ⅲ). Microchem J, 1970, 15(2): 205-207.
[15]Jaiswal P K, Yadava K L. Ditelluratoargentate(Ⅲ),diperiodatocuprate(Ⅲ), and ditelluratocuprate(Ⅲ) solutions in microanalysis. J Indian Chem Soc, 1974, 51(8): 570-571.
[16]刘盈海，宋明芳，侯日升．二过碘酸合银(Ⅲ)络离子氧化还原引发丙烯酰胺聚合反应动力学的研究．高等学校化学学报，1992，13(8)：1151-1152．
[17]宋杏茹，刘盈海，冯雪芳，张红梅．二过碘酸合银(Ⅲ)-尿素氧化还原引发丙烯腈反应动力学的研究．化学世界，1996，2：81-84．
[18]刘盈海，商亚娟，于同利，范志涛．二过碘酸合银(Ⅲ)钾引发丙烯酸甲酯在尼龙66上接枝共聚合反应的研究．河北大学学报(自然科学版)，1997，17(3)：30-33．
[19]刘盈海，刘卫宏，赵敏，孟劲功．二过碘酸合银(Ⅲ)氧化还原引发丙烯酸甲酯在尼龙1010上接枝共聚合反应的研究．高分子学报，1997，5：597-600．
[20]刘盈海，张劲松，李卫平，邓奎林．二过碘酸合银(Ⅲ)钾引发丙烯酸甲酯在淀粉上接枝共聚合反应的研究．高分子材料科学与工程，2002，18(1)：161-164．
[21]宋杏茹，刘盈海，刘卫红，刘春艳，任改平．Ag~(3+)引发丙烯酸甲酯与酪素接枝共聚的研究．高分子材料科学与工程，1999，15(2)：162-164．
[22]Sen Gupta K K, Nandy B K, Sen Gupta S. Kinetics of oxidation of some aryl alcohols by bis(dihydridotellurato) cuprate(Ⅲ) and -argentate(Ⅲ) in alkaline medium. J Org Chem, 1994, 59(4): 858-863.
[23]Sen Gupta K K, Nandy B K, Sen Gupta S. Oxidative behavior and relative reactivities of some alkanols and aryl alcohols towards bis(dihydrogen tellurato)cuprate(Ⅲ) and -argentate(Ⅲ) in alkaline medium. J Chem Soc, Perkin Trans 2, 1993, (4): 767-771.
[24]Sen Gupta K K, Nandy B K, Sen Gupta S. Oxidative cleavage of some diols by bis(dihydrogentellurato) cuprate(Ⅲ) and -argentate(Ⅲ). J Chem Res, Synop, 1993, (10): 396-397.
[25]Sen Gupta K K, Nandy B K, Sen Gupta S. Oxidative behaviors and relative reactivities of some aliphatic, heterocyclic and aromatic aldehydes towards bis(dihydrogentellurato)cuprate(Ⅲ) and -argentate(Ⅲ) in alkaline medium. Indian J Chem, Sect A, 1997, 36A(3): 190-196.
[26]Raviprasad T, Sethuran B, Rao T N. Kinetics of oxidation of aliphatic aldehydes by ditelluratoargentate(Ⅲ) in alkaline medium. Indian J Chem, Sect A, 1980, 19A(3): 261-263.
[27]单金缓，王莉，申世刚，刘保生，孙汉文．碱性介质中二(过碲酸)合银(Ⅲ) 离子氧化苹果酸的动力学及机理．河北大学学报(自然科学版)，2001，21(1)：53-56．
[28]Raviprasad T, Sethuran B, Rao T N. Reduction of trivalent silver by carboxylate ions. A kinetic study. Oxid Commun, 1988, 11 (3-4): 133-136.
[29]Sen Gupta K K, Ghosh B. relative reactivities and Oxidative behavior of glycerophosphates towards ditelluratoargentate(Ⅲ) in alkaline medium. J Chem Res, Synop, 1992, (6): 178-179.
[30]Sen Gupta K K, Nandy, B K, Sen Gupta S. Kinetics of oxidation of azide ion by bis(dihydrogentellurato)cuprate(Ⅲ) and -argentate(Ⅲ). J Chem Soc, Dalton Trans, 1995, (7): 1227-1232.
[31]刘盈海，刘卫宏，于同利，范志涛，王逢利，王兰芬．二过碘酸合铜(Ⅲ)钾氧化还原引发丙烯酸甲酯在尼龙1010上接枝共聚合反应的研究．分子科学学报，1997，13(1)：41-44．
[32]Liu Y H, Zhang Y Z, Liu Z H. Graft copolymerization of butyl acrylate onto casein initiated by potassium diperiodatonickelate(Ⅳ) in alkaline Medium. European Polym J, 2002, 38: 1619-1625.
[33]高洁，汤烈贵．纤维素科学，科学出版社，1999：126-157．
[34]许冬生．纤维素衍生物，化学工业出版社，200 1：1-34．
[35]Mocormick C L, Lee S P. Water-soluble copolymer. Ⅲ. Dextren-g-poly(acrylamides) contral of grafting sites and molecular weight by Ce(Ⅳ)-induced initiation in homogeneous solutions. J Polym Sci, 1981, 19:
2229-2241.
[36]Burr R C, Fanta G F, DoaneWM. Graft polymerization of starch with mixtures of acrylonitrileand 2-acrylamido-2-metlylpyopane-sulfonic acid. J Appl Polym Sci, 1979,24:1387-1389.
[37]潘松汉，宋荣钊，曾梅珍．纤维素高吸水材料制备研究．纤维素科学与技术，1997， 7(1)： 24-27．
[38]Needles H L, Wasley W L. Riboflavin-sensitized graft photopolymerizations of monomers onto fibers. Text Res J, 1969, 39(1): 97-98.
[39]EI-Salmawi K M, EI-Naggar A M, Attia S E. Investigation of synergism during radiation graft copolymerixzation of binary mixtures of vinyl monomers onto different textile fabrics by a dyeing method. Polym Int, 1997, 44(2): 181-190.
[40]Mansour O Y. Graft polymerization of some vinyl and allyl polymers onto cellulose using γ-radiation-induced initiation. Polym-Plast Technol Eng, 1993, 32(3): 215-222.
[41]Mukherjee A K, Sanyal S. Studies on grafting of methyl methacrylate onto cotton using redox inititor and some properties of grafted product. Cellul Chem Technol, 1979, 13(1): 13-21.
[42]Misra B N, Dogra R, Kaur I, Jassal J K. Grafting onto cellulose Ⅳ. Effect of complexing agents on Fenton's reagen (iron(2+)-hydrogen peroxide)-initiated grafting of poly(vinyl acetate). J Polym Sci, Polym Chem Ed, 1979, 17(6): 1861-1863.
[43]Samal R K, Dash P C, Mishra B, Das D P, Nayak M C. Hexavalent chromium-thioacetamide redox system initiated polymerization of acrylonitrile. J Macromol Sci, Chem A, 1982, 17(5): 805-819.
[44]Abdel-Hafiz S A. Potossium permanganate/thioureadioxide redox system-induced grafting of methacrylic acid onto loomstate cotton fabric. J Appl Polym Sci, 1995, 58(11): 2005-2011.
[45]苏茂尧，丁新颖．纤维素经铈离子引发丙烯酸接枝共聚机理研究．华南理工大学学报(自然科学版)，1994，22(6)：118-125．
[46]Gupta K C, Khandekar K. Graft copolymerization of acrylamide-methylacrylate comonomers onto cellulose using ceric ammonium nitrate. J Appl Polym Sci, 2002, 86(10): 2631-2642.
[47]Egboh S H O, Akonwu L N. Graft copolymerization of acrylamide onto cellulose acetate initiated by ceric ion. Acta Polym, 1991, 42(6): 279-281.
[48]Lenka S, Nayak P L, Tripathy A K. Grafting vinyl monomers onto cellulose. X. Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto cellulose fibers using acetylacetonate complex of vanadium ion. J Appl Polym Sci, 1982, 27(7): 2725-2728.
[49]Gupta K C, Sahoo S. Grafting of N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide onto cellulose using cobalt (Ⅲ)-acetylacetonate complex in aqueous medium. J Appl Polym Sci, 2000, 76(6): 906-912.
[50]Abdel-Hafiz S A. Co (Ⅲ) acetylacetonate-complex-initiated grafting of N-vinyl pyrrolidone on cellulose in aqueous medium. J Appl Polym Sci, 2001, 81(9): 2286-2296.
[51]魏福祥，王新辉，杨晓宇．天然高分子海藻酸盐成膜研究．日用化学工业，1998．2：22-25．
[52]朱思明，余淑娟，彭志英，徐俊．海藻酸(盐)的生产、应用及研究现状．中国食品添加剂，2003，6：61-65．
[53]严伯奋．褐藻胶在食品工业中的应用．食品科技，1981，3：5-7．
[54]李林英，陈士堂．可剥性粉状面膜的研制．日用化学工业，1993，1：5-7．
[55]郑小鸿．褐藻酸钙凝胶制备法．食品科学，1989，5：24-27．
[56]Vijayakumar M T, Reddy C R, Joseph K T. Grafting of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) onto alginic acid. Eur Polym J, 1985, 21(4): 415-419.
[57]Shah S B, Ray R, Patel C P, Trivedi H C. Studies on biodegradability of sodium alginate-g-polyacrylonitrile. J Polym Mater, 1994, 11 (2): 85-87.
[58]Radhakrishnan N, Lakshminarayana Y, Devi S U, Srinivasan K S V. Studies on the graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto sodium alginate. J Macromol Sci, Pure Appl Che, 1994, A31(5): 581-591.
[59]Blair H S, Lai K M. Graft copolymers of poIysaccharides. 1. Graft copolymers of alginic acid. Polymer 1982, 23(12), 1838-1841.
[60]巫拱生，侯世征，陈友强．甲基丙烯酸甲酯与海藻酸接枝共聚合反应的研究．应用化学，1993，10(1)：51-53．
[61]巫拱生，李淑珍，巫志鹏．APS-TU引发丙烯酸酯类单体与海藻酸钠的接枝共
聚．石油化工，1995，24(11)，793-798．
[62]Shah S B, Patel C P, Trivedi H C. Fenton's reagent-initiated graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto sodium alginate. J Appl Polym Sci, 1994, 51(18): 1421-1426.
[63]王书香，孙汉文，刘盈海．丙烯腈在海藻酸钠上接枝共聚合反应的研究．河北大学学报(自然科学版)，1996，16(2)：24-29．
[64]Shah S B, Patel C P, Trivedi H C. Ceric-induced grafting of ethyl acrylate onto sodium alginate. Angew Makromol Chem, 1994, 214: 75-89.
[65]Shah S B, Patel C P, Trivedi H C. Ceric-induced grafting of acrylate monomers onto sodium alginate. Carbohydr Polym, 1995, 26(1): 61-67.
[66]Shah S B, Patel C P, Trivedi H C. Ceric-induced grafting of acrylonitrile onto sodium alginate. High Perform Polym, 1992, 4(3): 151-159.
[67]Shah S B, Patel C P, Trivedi H C. Ceric-induced grafting of acrylonitrile onto sodium alginate: kinetics and mechanism and effects of the reaction medium. High Perform Polym, 1994, 6(3): 193-200.
[2]Malaprade L. Salts of trivalent copper and silver. I. Gazz Chim Ital, 1941, 71: 467-474.
[3]Jensovsky L, Skala M. Preparation and properties of complex argentate(Ⅲ). Z Anorg Allgem Chem, 1961, 312: 26-31.
[4]Kirschenbaum L J, Ambrus J H, Atkinson G. Kinetics of silver(Ⅲ) complexation by periodate and tellurate ions. Inorg Chem, 1973, 12: 2832-2837.
[5]Jensovsky L, Ralek M. Magnetic properties of some complexes of trivalent copper, silver, and gold. Z Anorg Allgem Chem, 1962, 314: 76-79.
[6]Banerjee R S, Basu S. Ligand field spectra of some metals in their unfamiliar oxidation states. Ⅱ. trivalent silver and copper. J Inorg Nucl Chem, 1965, 27(2): 353-358.
[7]Barefield E K, Mocella M T. Complexes of silver(Ⅲ) with macro-cyclic tetraaza ligands. Inorg Chem, 1973, 12(12): 2829-2832.
[8]McMillan J A. Higher oxidation states of silver. Chem Revs, 1962, 62(1): 65-80.
[9]Balikungeri A, Pelletier M, Monnier D. Contribution to the study of complexes bis(dihydrogen tellurato)cuprate(Ⅲ) and argentate(Ⅲ), bis(hydrogen periodato)cuprate(Ⅲ) and argentate(Ⅲ). Inorg Chim Acta, 1977, 22: 7-14.
[10]Raviprasad T, Sethuram B, Navaneeth R T. State of ditelluratoargentate in alkaline medium.-a kinetic study of the oxidation of alcohols by silver(Ⅲ). Indian J Chem, SectA, 1979, 18A(1): 40-42.
[11]Shah J H, Wang L, Shen S G, Sun H W, Wang A Z. Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of glycol by dihydroxyditelluratoargentate(Ⅲ) with spectrophotometry.
Chem Res Chin Univ, 2000, 16(3): 218-222,
[12]Raviprasad T, Sethuran B, Rao T N. Oxidation of aliphatic amines by ditelluratoargentate(Ⅲ). Indian J Chem, Sect A, 1982, 21A(2): 169-170.
[13]Jaiswal P K, Yadava K L. Silver(Ⅲ) as an oxidative titrant-determination of some sugars, carboxylic acids and inorganic ions. Talanta, 1970, 17(3): 236-238.
[14]Jaiswal P K. Oxidation of ferrous sulfate with silver(Ⅲ). Microchem J, 1970, 15(2): 205-207.
[15]Jaiswal P K, Yadava K L. Ditelluratoargentate(Ⅲ),diperiodatocuprate(Ⅲ), and ditelluratocuprate(Ⅲ) solutions in microanalysis. J Indian Chem Soc, 1974, 51(8): 570-571.
[16]刘盈海，宋明芳，侯日升．二过碘酸合银(Ⅲ)络离子氧化还原引发丙烯酰胺聚合反应动力学的研究．高等学校化学学报，1992，13(8)：1151-1152．
[17]宋杏茹，刘盈海，冯雪芳，张红梅．二过碘酸合银(Ⅲ)-尿素氧化还原引发丙烯腈反应动力学的研究．化学世界，1996，2：81-84．
[18]刘盈海，商亚娟，于同利，范志涛．二过碘酸合银(Ⅲ)钾引发丙烯酸甲酯在尼龙66上接枝共聚合反应的研究．河北大学学报(自然科学版)，1997，17(3)：30-33．
[19]刘盈海，刘卫宏，赵敏，孟劲功．二过碘酸合银(Ⅲ)氧化还原引发丙烯酸甲酯在尼龙1010上接枝共聚合反应的研究．高分子学报，1997，5：597-600．
[20]刘盈海，张劲松，李卫平，邓奎林．二过碘酸合银(Ⅲ)钾引发丙烯酸甲酯在淀粉上接枝共聚合反应的研究．高分子材料科学与工程，2002，18(1)：161-164．
[21]宋杏茹，刘盈海，刘卫红，刘春艳，任改平．Ag~(3+)引发丙烯酸甲酯与酪素接枝共聚的研究．高分子材料科学与工程，1999，15(2)：162-164．
[22]Sen Gupta K K, Nandy B K, Sen Gupta S. Kinetics of oxidation of some aryl alcohols by bis(dihydridotellurato) cuprate(Ⅲ) and -argentate(Ⅲ) in alkaline medium. J Org Chem, 1994, 59(4): 858-863.
[23]Sen Gupta K K, Nandy B K, Sen Gupta S. Oxidative behavior and relative reactivities of some alkanols and aryl alcohols towards bis(dihydrogen tellurato)cuprate(Ⅲ) and -argentate(Ⅲ) in alkaline medium. J Chem Soc, Perkin Trans 2, 1993, (4): 767-771.
[24]Sen Gupta K K, Nandy B K, Sen Gupta S. Oxidative cleavage of some diols by bis(dihydrogentellurato) cuprate(Ⅲ) and -argentate(Ⅲ). J Chem Res, Synop, 1993, (10): 396-397.
[25]Sen Gupta K K, Nandy B K, Sen Gupta S. Oxidative behaviors and relative reactivities of some aliphatic, heterocyclic and aromatic aldehydes towards bis(dihydrogentellurato)cuprate(Ⅲ) and -argentate(Ⅲ) in alkaline medium. Indian J Chem, Sect A, 1997, 36A(3): 190-196.
[26]Raviprasad T, Sethuran B, Rao T N. Kinetics of oxidation of aliphatic aldehydes by ditelluratoargentate(Ⅲ) in alkaline medium. Indian J Chem, Sect A, 1980, 19A(3): 261-263.
[27]单金缓，王莉，申世刚，刘保生，孙汉文．碱性介质中二(过碲酸)合银(Ⅲ) 离子氧化苹果酸的动力学及机理．河北大学学报(自然科学版)，2001，21(1)：53-56．
[28]Raviprasad T, Sethuran B, Rao T N. Reduction of trivalent silver by carboxylate ions. A kinetic study. Oxid Commun, 1988, 11 (3-4): 133-136.
[29]Sen Gupta K K, Ghosh B. relative reactivities and Oxidative behavior of glycerophosphates towards ditelluratoargentate(Ⅲ) in alkaline medium. J Chem Res, Synop, 1992, (6): 178-179.
[30]Sen Gupta K K, Nandy, B K, Sen Gupta S. Kinetics of oxidation of azide ion by bis(dihydrogentellurato)cuprate(Ⅲ) and -argentate(Ⅲ). J Chem Soc, Dalton Trans, 1995, (7): 1227-1232.
[31]刘盈海，刘卫宏，于同利，范志涛，王逢利，王兰芬．二过碘酸合铜(Ⅲ)钾氧化还原引发丙烯酸甲酯在尼龙1010上接枝共聚合反应的研究．分子科学学报，1997，13(1)：41-44．
[32]Liu Y H, Zhang Y Z, Liu Z H. Graft copolymerization of butyl acrylate onto casein initiated by potassium diperiodatonickelate(Ⅳ) in alkaline Medium. European Polym J, 2002, 38: 1619-1625.
[33]高洁，汤烈贵．纤维素科学，科学出版社，1999：126-157．
[34]许冬生．纤维素衍生物，化学工业出版社，200 1：1-34．
[35]Mocormick C L, Lee S P. Water-soluble copolymer. Ⅲ. Dextren-g-poly(acrylamides) contral of grafting sites and molecular weight by Ce(Ⅳ)-induced initiation in homogeneous solutions. J Polym Sci, 1981, 19:
2229-2241.
[36]Burr R C, Fanta G F, DoaneWM. Graft polymerization of starch with mixtures of acrylonitrileand 2-acrylamido-2-metlylpyopane-sulfonic acid. J Appl Polym Sci, 1979,24:1387-1389.
[37]潘松汉，宋荣钊，曾梅珍．纤维素高吸水材料制备研究．纤维素科学与技术，1997， 7(1)： 24-27．
[38]Needles H L, Wasley W L. Riboflavin-sensitized graft photopolymerizations of monomers onto fibers. Text Res J, 1969, 39(1): 97-98.
[39]EI-Salmawi K M, EI-Naggar A M, Attia S E. Investigation of synergism during radiation graft copolymerixzation of binary mixtures of vinyl monomers onto different textile fabrics by a dyeing method. Polym Int, 1997, 44(2): 181-190.
[40]Mansour O Y. Graft polymerization of some vinyl and allyl polymers onto cellulose using γ-radiation-induced initiation. Polym-Plast Technol Eng, 1993, 32(3): 215-222.
[41]Mukherjee A K, Sanyal S. Studies on grafting of methyl methacrylate onto cotton using redox inititor and some properties of grafted product. Cellul Chem Technol, 1979, 13(1): 13-21.
[42]Misra B N, Dogra R, Kaur I, Jassal J K. Grafting onto cellulose Ⅳ. Effect of complexing agents on Fenton's reagen (iron(2+)-hydrogen peroxide)-initiated grafting of poly(vinyl acetate). J Polym Sci, Polym Chem Ed, 1979, 17(6): 1861-1863.
[43]Samal R K, Dash P C, Mishra B, Das D P, Nayak M C. Hexavalent chromium-thioacetamide redox system initiated polymerization of acrylonitrile. J Macromol Sci, Chem A, 1982, 17(5): 805-819.
[44]Abdel-Hafiz S A. Potossium permanganate/thioureadioxide redox system-induced grafting of methacrylic acid onto loomstate cotton fabric. J Appl Polym Sci, 1995, 58(11): 2005-2011.
[45]苏茂尧，丁新颖．纤维素经铈离子引发丙烯酸接枝共聚机理研究．华南理工大学学报(自然科学版)，1994，22(6)：118-125．
[46]Gupta K C, Khandekar K. Graft copolymerization of acrylamide-methylacrylate comonomers onto cellulose using ceric ammonium nitrate. J Appl Polym Sci, 2002, 86(10): 2631-2642.
[47]Egboh S H O, Akonwu L N. Graft copolymerization of acrylamide onto cellulose acetate initiated by ceric ion. Acta Polym, 1991, 42(6): 279-281.
[48]Lenka S, Nayak P L, Tripathy A K. Grafting vinyl monomers onto cellulose. X. Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto cellulose fibers using acetylacetonate complex of vanadium ion. J Appl Polym Sci, 1982, 27(7): 2725-2728.
[49]Gupta K C, Sahoo S. Grafting of N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide onto cellulose using cobalt (Ⅲ)-acetylacetonate complex in aqueous medium. J Appl Polym Sci, 2000, 76(6): 906-912.
[50]Abdel-Hafiz S A. Co (Ⅲ) acetylacetonate-complex-initiated grafting of N-vinyl pyrrolidone on cellulose in aqueous medium. J Appl Polym Sci, 2001, 81(9): 2286-2296.
[51]魏福祥，王新辉，杨晓宇．天然高分子海藻酸盐成膜研究．日用化学工业，1998．2：22-25．
[52]朱思明，余淑娟，彭志英，徐俊．海藻酸(盐)的生产、应用及研究现状．中国食品添加剂，2003，6：61-65．
[53]严伯奋．褐藻胶在食品工业中的应用．食品科技，1981，3：5-7．
[54]李林英，陈士堂．可剥性粉状面膜的研制．日用化学工业，1993，1：5-7．
[55]郑小鸿．褐藻酸钙凝胶制备法．食品科学，1989，5：24-27．
[56]Vijayakumar M T, Reddy C R, Joseph K T. Grafting of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) onto alginic acid. Eur Polym J, 1985, 21(4): 415-419.
[57]Shah S B, Ray R, Patel C P, Trivedi H C. Studies on biodegradability of sodium alginate-g-polyacrylonitrile. J Polym Mater, 1994, 11 (2): 85-87.
[58]Radhakrishnan N, Lakshminarayana Y, Devi S U, Srinivasan K S V. Studies on the graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto sodium alginate. J Macromol Sci, Pure Appl Che, 1994, A31(5): 581-591.
[59]Blair H S, Lai K M. Graft copolymers of poIysaccharides. 1. Graft copolymers of alginic acid. Polymer 1982, 23(12), 1838-1841.
[60]巫拱生，侯世征，陈友强．甲基丙烯酸甲酯与海藻酸接枝共聚合反应的研究．应用化学，1993，10(1)：51-53．
[61]巫拱生，李淑珍，巫志鹏．APS-TU引发丙烯酸酯类单体与海藻酸钠的接枝共
聚．石油化工，1995，24(11)，793-798．
[62]Shah S B, Patel C P, Trivedi H C. Fenton's reagent-initiated graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto sodium alginate. J Appl Polym Sci, 1994, 51(18): 1421-1426.
[63]王书香，孙汉文，刘盈海．丙烯腈在海藻酸钠上接枝共聚合反应的研究．河北大学学报(自然科学版)，1996，16(2)：24-29．
[64]Shah S B, Patel C P, Trivedi H C. Ceric-induced grafting of ethyl acrylate onto sodium alginate. Angew Makromol Chem, 1994, 214: 75-89.
[65]Shah S B, Patel C P, Trivedi H C. Ceric-induced grafting of acrylate monomers onto sodium alginate. Carbohydr Polym, 1995, 26(1): 61-67.
[66]Shah S B, Patel C P, Trivedi H C. Ceric-induced grafting of acrylonitrile onto sodium alginate. High Perform Polym, 1992, 4(3): 151-159.
[67]Shah S B, Patel C P, Trivedi H C. Ceric-induced grafting of acrylonitrile onto sodium alginate: kinetics and mechanism and effects of the reaction medium. High Perform Polym, 1994, 6(3): 193-200.